Diet 315-test 2 text book MC
Which enzyme removes dietary triglyceride from the blood? a. Hormone-sensitive lipase b. Lipoprotein lipase c. Cholecystokinin d. Insulin
lipoprotein lipase
How much sodium is in one teaspoon of table salt? a. 1,800 mg b. 2,300 mg c. 3,500 mg d. 4,700 mg
2300 mg
For athletes participating in events lasting more than 1 hour, what can a pre-event high carbohydrate intake do? a. It can cause hyperglycemia. b. It can increase muscle glycogen stores. c. It can cause hypotension. d. It can improve strength during an event.
It can increase muscle glycogen stores.
What is the current trend regarding the occurrence of obesity in the United States? a. Obesity is on the decline and more prevalent in women than in men. b. Obesity is on the decline and more prevalent in men than in women. c. Obesity is on the rise and more prevalent in women than in men. d. Obesity is on the rise and more prevalent in men than in women.
Obesity is on the rise and more prevalent in women than in men.
Which of the following B vitamins is NOT involved in energy production? a. Thiamin b. Niacin c. Pantothenic acid d. Folate
folate
How much protein should be consumed daily by athletes in strength training? a. 0.8-1 g/kg b. 1-1.5 g/kg c. 1.2-2 g/kg d. 2-3 g/kg
1.2-2 g/kg
For people with hypertension, what is the recommendation for sodium intake by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? a. No sodium restriction for most hypertensives b. 3-4 g of sodium per day c. 2.4 g of sodium per day d. 1.5 g of sodium per day
1.5 g of sodium per day
Which of the following measures meets the general definition of hypertension? a. 140/90 mm Hg b. 160/100 mm Hg c. 130/85 mm Hg d. 150/90 mm Hg
140/90 mm Hg
How much sodium is considered to be a moderate sodium restriction? a. 1.5 g/day b. 2.4 g/day c. 4.7 g/day d. 6 g/day
2.4 g/day
For the diet therapy in anorexia nervosa, what percentages of protein, carbohydrate, and fat are recommended, respectively? a. 20%, 50%, and 30% b. 10%, 50%, and 40% c. 30%, 40%, and 30% d. 25%, 40%, and 35%
20%, 50%, and 30%
A desirable characteristic of the pre-event meal is one that provides a. 100-200 g carbohydrate. b. 200-350 g carbohydrate. c. only carbohydrate and fat. d. only protein and fat.
200-350 g carbohydrate
In conjunction with anorexia nervosa, the definition of amenorrhea is the absence of _____ menstrual cycle(s) in postmenarchal women. a. 12 consecutive b. 3 consecutive c. at least 1 d. 6 consecutive
3 consecutive
How many calories should be provided in the diet of a patient with anorexia nervosa to initiate weight gain? a. 25-30 kcal/kg/day b. 30-40 kcal/kg/day c. 40-50 kcal/kg/day d. 70-100 kcal/kg/day
30-40 kcal/kg/day
In the recommended steps in providing therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) interventions, when should treatment of metabolic syndrome begin? a. First patient visit b. Second patient visit c. Third patient visit d. Fourth patient visit
3rd patient visit
The DASH diet recommends the daily intake of how many servings of fruits and vegetables? a. 2-3 servings fruits, 3-5 servings vegetables b. 2-3 servings vegetables, 3-5 servings fruits c. 2-3 servings fruits, 6-8 servings vegetables d. 4-5 servings fruits, 4-5 servings vegetables
4-5 servings fruits, 4-5 servings vegetables
After a binge episode, how much of the energy intake can be eliminated through purging? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. None
50%
To achieve a weight reduction of one pound per week, the diet should have how many fewer kilocalories than the maintenance requirements? a. 100 kcal/day b. 500 kcal/day c. 1000 kcal/week d. 1500 kcal/week
500Kcal/day
A patient is identified as having two CHD risk factors and 10-year risk of developing CHD less than 10%. According to ATP III, this patient's LDL-C goal should be _____ mg/dL. a. <160 b. <130 c. <100 d. <70
<130
What is the DASH diet's recommendation for meat, fish, and poultry consumption? a. 2-3 3 oz servings per day b. 2-3 5 oz servings per day c. <6 oz lean meats per day d. 1 serving per day
<6 oz lean meats per day
Which of the following does NIH identify as being an appropriate candidate for bariatric surgery? a. A person with metabolic syndrome b. A patient with BMI of 25 to 29 with high blood pressure c. A patient with BMI of 30 to 34 d. A patient with BMI of 40 or higher
A patient with BMI of 40 or higher
Which of the following techniques used to diagnose CHD is invasive? a. Echocardiography b. Angiography c. Ultrasound d. Magnetic resonance imaging
Angiography
Which of the following results from the use of fasting as a means of weight loss? a. Excessive weight gain after refeeding b. An initial rapid weight loss from diuresis c. A decrease in ketone formation d. Carbohydrate craving
An initial rapid weight loss from diuresis
Which segments of the U.S. population have the highest prevalence of hypertension? a. African Americans and Native Americans b. The elderly and Mexican Americans c. African Americans and the elderly d. Southeast Asians and Mexican Americans
African Americans and the elderly
4. Which of the following molecules is required in mitochondria of muscle cells to use fatty acids as energy resources? a. Carbon dioxide b. Acetyl CoA c. Lactate d. Citrate
Acetyl CoA
In which eating disorder might a person have an intense fear of becoming overweight, even though she is underweight? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Eating disorder not otherwise specified d. Binge-eating disorder
Anorexia nervosa
How does intensity of the exercise affect the use of fuel sources? a. As intensity decreases, carbohydrate is the larger fraction of the energy source. b. As intensity increases, fatty acids are the larger fraction of the energy source. c. As intensity increases, carbohydrate is the larger fraction of the energy source. d. As intensity decreases, fatty acids are the larger fraction of the energy source.
As intensity increases, carbohydrate is the larger fraction of the energy source
Which apolipoprotein seems to promote atherogenesis? a. Apo A-I b. Apo B-100 c. Apo C-II d. Apo E
Apo B-100
How frequently should binge episodes occur for a binge-eating disorder to be diagnosed? a. At least 5 days per week for 3 months b. At least 2 days per week for 3 months c. At least 2 days per week for 6 months d. At least 6 days per week for 2 months
At least 2 days per week for 6 months
Which of the following factors are the most critical in the pathophysiologic development of CHD that results in a myocardial infarction? a. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis b. Angina and electrical failure (heart) c. Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and angina d. Thrombosis, angina, and left ventricular hypertrophy
Atherosclerosis and thrombosis
Which of the following is the most beneficial way to reduce intake of dietary salt? a. Purchasing salt-free foods at a health or specialty food store b. Avoiding processed foods c. Using canned fruits and vegetables d. Avoiding salt altogether
Avoiding processed foods
Which of the following lipoproteins is normally absent during fasting? a. Chylomicrons b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL
Chylomicrons
Which of the following is NOT one of the benefits of caffeine use as an ergogenic aid? a. Enhances fatty acid mobilization b. Facilitates calcium transport in muscle contractility c. Reduces fatigue by reducing plasma potassium accumulation d. Cleanses out metabolic end-products by promoting diuresis
Cleanses out metabolic end-products by promoting diuresis
In which eating disorder might a person chew and spit out, but not swallow, large amounts of food? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Eating disorder not otherwise specified d. Binge-eating disorder
Eating disorder not otherwise specified
Which term applies to the blood pressure during the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle? a. Arterial blood pressure b. Diastolic blood pressure c. Systolic blood pressure d. Prehypertension
Diastolic blood pressure
What methods of weight reduction have the highest rates of success? a. Diet combined with exercise b. Diet combined with lifestyle modification c. Diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification all combined d. Exercise combined with lifestyle modification
Diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification all combined
Which type of genetic dyslipidemia results in xanthoma of the Achilles tendon? a. Familial hypertriglyceridemia b. Familial hypercholesterolemia c. Nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia d. Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease? a. Family history of disease b. Physical inactivity c. C-reactive protein d. Metabolic syndrome
Family history of disease
The metabolic syndrome is associated with which of the following groups of disorders? a. Glucose intolerance, gout, and hypertension b. Gout, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia c. Glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension d. Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
Glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
Which of the following lipoproteins normally returns most of the cholesterol to the liver for disposal via reverse transport? a. Chylomicrons b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL
HDL
Which class of drugs reduces LDL levels by inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol? a. Bile acid sequestrants b. Nicotinic acid c. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors d. Fibric acid derivatives
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
Hormonal control of which of the following affects feeding behavior? a. Pituitary gland b. Thyroid gland c. Hypothalamus gland d. Adrenal glands
Hypothalamus gland
________ can be the result of inappropriate fluid replacement following athletic competition. a. Impaired thermoregulation b. Decreased calcium that can eventually lead to tetany c. Cerebral edema and bradycardia d. Diuresis and osmotic diarrhea
Impaired thermoregulation
Which of the following causes blood pressure to rise? a. Vasodilation b. Decreased cardiac output c. Decreased vascular resistance d. Increased peripheral resistance
Increased peripheral resistance
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors used in the Framingham Point Scores for determining 10-year CHD risk? a. Age b. HDL c. LDL d. Smoking
LDL
Which of the following lipoproteins is considered to be the most atherogenic? a. Chylomicrons b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL
LDL
What are the components of the female athlete triad? a. Anorexia nervosa, amenorrhea, iron deficiency b. Disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis c. Low body weight, delayed menstruation, disordered eating d. Bulimia nervosa, low body weight, amenorrhea
Low body weight, delayed menstruation, disordered eating
Which of the following best characterizes the role of iron in exercise? a. Low serum ferritin levels can have a detrimental effect on exercise performance. b. Exercise performance is affected only in cases of severe iron deficiency anemia. c. Mild iron deficiency has no detrimental effects. d. Iron plays no significant role in muscle activity.
Low serum ferritin levels can have a detrimental effect on exercise performance.
What is the first source of glucose for the exercising muscle? a. Blood glucose b. Liver glycogen c. Muscle glycogen d. Muscle protein
Muscle glycogen
An increased incidence of which of the following diseases is NOT associated with obesity? a. Heart disease b. Osteoporosis c. Gallbladder disease d. Sleep apnea
Osteoporosis
Which medical procedure used to treat patients with asymptomatic ischemia or angina involves a balloon? a. Cardiac catheterization b. Percutaneous coronary intervention c. Coronary stent d. CABG
Percutaneous coronary intervention
During the acute stage of anorexia nervosa, what is the focus of psychological management in treatment? a. Understanding and changing dysfunctional attitudes related to eating b. Addressing psychopathology that reinforces eating-disordered behaviors c. Improving interpersonal and social functioning d. Positive behavioral reinforcement of weight gain
Positive behavioral reinforcement of weight gain
According to the JNC 7 algorithm for treatment of hypertension, what medical management treatment should be used first to reduce blood pressure? a. Promote lifestyle modifications. b. Provide thiazide-type diuretics. c. Provide thiazide-type diuretics in combination with one or more other drugs. d. Provide antihypertensive medications other than thiazide-type diuretics.
Promote lifestyle modifications
What should be the treatment goal in regard to a child or adolescent who is identified as overweight? a. Promote weight loss of 1-2 pounds per week. b. Promote weight loss to reduce BMI below the 85th percentile. c. Promote weight maintenance and slow weight gain. d. Promote weight loss of 10-12 pounds per year.
Promote weight maintenance and slow weight gain.
As a means of primary prevention of hypertension across the life cycle, which of the following is the most effective lifestyle factor? a. Decreasing dietary sodium intake b. Increasing the intake of potassium and magnesium c. Promoting normal weight and preventing obesity d. Consuming calcium at twice the AI
Promoting normal weight and preventing obesity
What happens to the resting metabolic rate as a result of exercise as part of a weight-management program? a. RMR increases as adipose tissue is increased with exercise. b. RMR decreases as adipose tissue is decreased with exercise. c. RMR decreases as lean body mass is decreased with exercise. d. RMR increases as lean body mass is increased with exercise.
RMR increases as lean body mass is increased with exercise.
Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations of the TLC diet for lowering high blood cholesterol? a. Reduction of total fat to less than or equal to 30% of total calories b. Reduction of saturated fat to less than 7% of total calories c. Reduction of total cholesterol to less than 200 mg d. Up to 20% of total calories as monounsaturated fat
Reduction of total fat to less than or equal to 30% of total calories
Which of the following bariatric surgeries promotes weight loss through a combination of food restriction and malabsorption? a. Gastric banding b. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass c. Vertical banded gastroplasty d. Liposuction
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Which of the following promotes homeostatic control of blood pressure in the short term? a. Kidney control of fluid levels b. Sympathetic nervous system secretion of norepinephrine c. Secretion of renin from the nephrons d. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
Sympathetic nervous system secretion of norepinephrine
Which of the following is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa? a. The patient is of normal or near normal weight. b. The patient binges but does not purge. c. The patient does not have a body image problem. d. A typical binge lasts all day.
The patient is of normal or near normal weight.
How do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa commonly affect the patient's metabolic rate? a. They increase the metabolic rate higher than normal. b. They decrease the metabolic rate lower than normal. c. They have no effect on metabolic rate, maintaining it at the normal level. d. They promote an extreme increase in metabolic rate.
They decrease the metabolic rate lower than normal.
Which of the following nutritional factors contributes significantly to the rise of total serum cholesterol over time? a. Monounsaturated fatty acids b. Polyunsaturated fatty acids c. Trans-fatty acids d. n-3 Fatty acids
Trans-fatty acids
What would be a manifestation of chronic hypertension's effect on the cerebrovascular system? a. Hemorrhages or exudates b. Left ventricular malfunction c. Transient ischemic attacks d. Aneurysm
Transient ischemic attacks
Which of the following is one of the criteria for diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome? a. Fasting glucose 126 mg/dL b. BMI 30 kg/m2 c. Blood pressure 120 mm Hg systolic or 80 mm Hg diastolic d. Triglycerides 150 mg/dL
Triglycerides 150 mg/dL
Gout may develop during fasting or following very-low-calorie diets. This occurs because elevated ketones are impeding the elimination of a. uric acid. b. creatinine. c. sodium. d. potassium.
Uric Acid
Which of the following lipoproteins is considered to be triglyceride-rich? a. VLDL b. IDL c. LDL d. HDL
VLDL
In the renin-angiotensin system, what factor promotes vasoconstriction? a. Angiotensin I b. Angiotensin II c. Aldosterone d. Renin
angiotensin II
In which eating disorder might a person binge often but not try to compensate for this behavior? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Eating disorder not otherwise specified d. Binge-eating disorder
binge eating disorder
In which eating disorder might a person exercise excessively after an episode of binge eating? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Eating disorder not otherwise specified d. Binge-eating disorder
bulimia nervosa
Which of the following is a potential androgenic effect of taking steroids? a. Decreased body fat b. Increased libido c. Changes in genital size d. Vocal cord changes
changes in genital size
Urine specific gravity should be checked when patients being treated for eating disorders are weighed to a. monitor for muscle wasting. b. check for dehydration or fluid loading. c. check for presence of ketones. d. identify use of medications to suppress appetite or promote purging.
check for dehydration or fluid loading
Which one of the gut peptides released when food comes into contact with the muscles of the stomach and small intestine has an immediate effect on satiety? a. Cholecystokinin b. Gastrin c. Secretin d. Insulin
cholecystokinin
Diuretics work to lower blood pressure by a. promoting vasodilation. b. inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. c. decreasing blood volume. d. increasing potassium retention.
decreasing blood volume
During starvation, the body's adaptive response is a a. drop in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks. b. rise in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks. c. drop in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month. d. rise in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.
drop in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks
Essential hypertension is an increase in blood pressure a. necessary for physical activity. b. due to being obese. c. due to another disease. d. due to unknown cause.
due to unknown cause
Which is a typical personality characteristic of people with anorexia nervosa? a. Extroverted b. Introverted c. Underachiever d. Easygoing
easygoing
Which of the following practices has been reported as supporting long-term weight loss? a. Eating a low-calorie diet b. Eating breakfast every day c. Infrequent weighing of self d. Exercising 30 minutes a day
eating breakfast every day
What is the primary source of energy for exercise of low to moderate intensity? a. Fatty acids b. Glycogen c. Amino acids d. Glycerol
fatty acids
During treatment of patients with eating disorders, which of the following is an additional feature that should be monitored in the food records of patients with BN as opposed to AN? a. Eating behaviors b. Exercise c. Emotions/feelings when eating d. Use of alternative sweeteners
emotions/feelings when eating
Which of the following is NOT used as an ergogenic aid to build muscle? a. Ephedra b. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate c. Creatine d. DHEA
ephedra
Which of the following ergogenic aids is used to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity to increase VO2 max and endurance? a. Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate b. Iron supplements c. Steroids d. Erythropoietin
erthropietin
Which of the following pathways is NOT used to generate energy in muscle cells during any type of exercise? a. Glycogenolysis b. Gluconeogenesis c. Glycolysis d. Beta oxidation
gluconeogenesis
During extended physical activity, such as endurance events, the major fuels used for cellular energy are a. glucose and fatty acids. b. glycogen and ketones. c. amino acids and fatty acids. d. glucose and ketones.
glucose and fatty acids
The rate of weight loss for men on energy-deficient diets is more rapid than for women because men a. generally have less fat to lose. b. are more successful at weight-reduction programs. c. have higher RMR and LBM than women. d. are more likely to exercise while trying to lose weight.
have higher RMR and LBM than women
Which of the following is a risk in the use of thiazide diuretics to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients? a. Hypokalemia b. Hyperkalemia c. Bradycardia d. Tachycardia
hypokalemia
Which of the following would be allowed on a cardiac liquid diet for patients after undergoing CABG surgery? a. Coffee b. Cream soup c. Lemon-lime soda d. Chicken broth
lemon-lime soda
Which of the following pathways does NOT provide substrates for aerobic respiration in muscle mitochondria? a. Ketogenesis b. Glycogenolysis c. Beta oxidation d. Glycolysis
ketogenesis
Low T3 syndrome is a a. low metabolic state associated with anorexia nervosa. b. reduction in thyroxine associated with anorexia nervosa. c. decrease in triiodothyronine associated with bulimia nervosa. d. decrease in reduced triiodothyronine associated with anorexia nervosa.
low metabolic state associated with anorexia nervosa.
Aerobic exercise is effective in weight management because it a. lowers glycogen stores and promotes the use of fat for fuel. b. decreases lean body mass in proportion to fat. c. increases resistance to insulin. d. decreases sensitivity to insulin.
lowers glycogen stores and promotes the use of fat for fuel.
Athletes need to increase their water intake to a. enhance renal excretion of waste products from muscle activity. b. improve intestinal absorption of nutrients following digestion. c. maintain water balance in the body as a whole and within cells. d. increase skin evaporation of water as a cooling mechanism.
maintain water balance in the body as a whole and within cells
Which of the following is often exhibited in patients with anorexia nervosa? a. Enamel wasting b. Esophagitis c. Muscle wasting d. Russell's sign
muscle wasting
Which of the following is NOT a pro-inflammatory marker that increases when endothelial dysfunction leads to unstable plaque formation in atherosclerosis? a. Interleukin-6 b. Fibrinogen c. Nitric oxide d. C-reactive protein
nitric oxide
Which mineral has been shown to improve (lower) blood pressure when consumed in adequate amounts? a. Calcium b. Magnesium c. Potassium d. Chloride
potassium
Which of the following pharmaceutical agents is approved by the FDA for long-term use in obesity treatment? a. Ephedra b. Fenfluramine c. Phentermine d. Sibutramine
sibutramine
Carbohydrate intake immediately after a training session is important because a. energy stores are depleted. b. carbohydrate is needed to reverse the feeling of fatigue. c. hypoglycemia is a common end result of prolonged exercise. d. the most effective glycogen replacement occurs after a training session.
the most effective glycogen replacement occurs after a training session.
8. Eating an unusually large amount of food in what span of time defines a binge episode? a. Usually less than 2 hours b. Usually less than 1 hour c. Usually less than 30 minutes d. Usually in one meal
usually less than 2 hours
16. Which of the following groups does NOT tend be salt-sensitive? a. Older adults b. Vegetarians c. People with diabetes d. African Americans
vegetarians
Which nutrient supplement or functional food has NOT been demonstrated as having a beneficial effect in regard to decreasing total and LDL cholesterol levels? a. Garlic b. Soy protein c. Vitamin E d. Plant stanol
vit E
The treatment goal be for a patient with bulimia nervosa who is mildly overweight should be a. weight loss to ideal weight. b. daily exercise to help decrease weight. c. a structured exercise routine to help decrease weight. d. weight maintenance.
weight maintenance
Which of the following diets advocates that carbohydrates should contribute no more than 40% of the total calories? a. Low-carbohydrate diet b. Protein-sparing modified diet c. Very-low-calorie diet d. Zone diet
zone diet