Diet Analysis Case: Diabetes Diet
Uncontrolled diabetes can contribute to the development of several long-term health conditions. Select the most common long-term consequences of untreated or poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.
Cardiovascular disease, blindness, and nerve damage
Because high sodium intakes are related to increased risk for hypertension, the Chronic Disease Risk Reduction intake level for sodium for individuals age 14 and older is 2300 milligrams per day. According to the Bar Graph Report, Tyra's sodium intake was 154% of her DRI Goal. Look at the Spreadsheet Report and find the column for sodium (Sod). What was the leading source of sodium in Tyra's dietary pattern on this day?
Cheeseburger
Consuming adequate dietary fiber can help individuals manage their blood sugar levels because soluble fiber slows the absorption of glucose after meals. According to the Bar Graph Report, Tyra's actual intake of dietary fiber (in the Value column) was 77% of her DRI Goal on this day. Reviewing the dietary data, which of the following food swaps would be best to help Tyra meet her DRI Goal for dietary fiber?
Choose 0.5 cup of All-Bran cereal with low-fat milk for breakfast instead of 2 slices of white bread.
On the Spreadsheet Report, find the column for sugars (Sugr). Which of the following changes to her dietary pattern would most significantly reduce her intake of added sugars?
Replace the colas with water or unsweetened beverages.
Because high intakes of saturated fat are linked to increased risk for cardiovascualr disease, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends limiting saturated fat intake to less than 10% of total calories. On the Spreadsheet Report, examine the column for saturated fat (Fat-S). Which of the following dietary modifications would be the most effectively way to help Tyra reduce her risk for cardiovascular disease?
Replace the quarter pounder with a green leafy salad topped with grilled chicken, diced avocado, and an olive oil-based salad dressing.
Although Tyra is almost meeting her recommended vegetable intake, French fries are her primary source of vegetables. Considering Tyra's diagnosis of diabetes, her weight-loss goal, and her busy lifestyle, what should Tyra order instead of French fries when she orders a meal at a fast-food restaurant?
Side salad with vinaigrette dressing
Currently, Tyra's physical activity level is sedentary. How would incorporating regular physical activity into her lifestyle affect Tyra's diabetes management?
Her insulin sensitivity will improve, which will assist with blood glucose regulation.
Tyra has type 2 diabetes. How does type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 diabetes?
In type 2 diabetes, the cells resist the action of insulin.
Tyra Moore 50 years old, Female, 5'5", 165 lbs Weight Loss/Gain: Lose 1 lbs/week Activity Level: Sedentary
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The RDN reviewed Tyra's energy intake from her 24-hour recall. On the Bar Graph Report, compare Tyra's actual energy intake (from the Value column for Calories) to her DRI Goal for Calories. By approximately how much would Tyra need to reduce her daily energy intake to match her DRI Goal for Calories to achieve weight loss of 1 pound per week? (Keep in mind that you indicated Tyra's weight-loss goal when you set up her profile in NutritionCalc Plus, so her DRI Goal for Calories is calculated for weight loss.)
1200 Calories (kcal) (2635 kcal - 1434 kcal = 1201 kcal)
Some individuals with diabetes use carbohydrate counting to plan their meals and track their food intake. With carbohydrate counting, one carbohydrate "choice" is a portion of food that supplies approximately 15 grams of carbohydrates. A meal plan for a person who needs 1400 kcal per day might include 10 or 11 carb choices, spread throughout the day. On the Spreadsheet Report, look at the column for carbohydrates (Carbs). If one carbohydrate "choice" is 15 grams of carbohydrates, how many carbohydrate "choices" did Tyra consume on this day?
26 carbohydrate choices (392.1 grams of carbohydrates ÷ 15 grams per choice = 26.14 carbohydrate choices)
