Digestion
The highest amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without harm in a similar age and group of individuals is the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Adequate Intake (AI). Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
Amino acids are absorbed through the process known as active transport. True False
True
Bicarbonate ions produced by the salivary glands and pancreas are important because they neutralize and provide a favorable pH for enzyme action. True False
True
Segmentation results in the movement of food as well as its disintegration into smaller and smaller pieces. True False
True
Chewing and swallowing are components of digestion. elimination. transport. absorption.
digestion.
Which of the following accurately describes a process occurring during the digestion and absorption of protein? Proteins are chemically broken down into smaller units in the stomach, but must be further broken down in the small intestine before absorption. Bacteria in the large intestines partially break protein down to amino acids, gas, and water. No chemical changes occur until protein reaches the small intestine. The digestive end products are absorbed into the lymph.
Proteins are chemically broken down into smaller units in the stomach, but must be further broken down in the small intestine before absorption.
The small intestine is the primary site of absorption of nutrients. True False
True
The reference values for the essential nutrients needed to maintain good health, to prevent chronic diseases, and to avoid excesses are known as the EAR. AI. UL. DRI.
DRI.
Which of the following statements would be true if a significant length of the small intestine was NOT functioning properly? Digestion alone will be affected. Absorption alone will be affected. Digestion and absorption will be affected. Neither digestion nor absorption will be affected.
Digestion and absorption will be affected.
Which part of the body can especially benefit from probiotics? Immune system Nervous system Digestive system Circulatory system
Digestive system
The average amount of a nutrient that is known to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a similar age and gender group is known as the Adequate Intake (AI). Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI).
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR).
Small fat-soluble molecules, such as free fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, are absorbed through facilitated diffusion in the small intestine. True False
False
Which of the following statements is true about the gallbladder? It stores bile and releases it into the small intestine. It manufactures bile. It is located at the pharynx. It secretes digestive enzymes into the stomach.
It stores bile and releases it into the small intestine.
When looking for a product with probiotics, make sure the label says __________. "inert cultures" "pasteurized" "live, active cultures" "perishable"
"live, active cultures"
________ causes the pancreas to release lipase and the gallbladder to contract and release bile. Gastrin GIP Cholecystokinin Secretin
Cholecystokinin
Which of the following nutrients is absorbed into the lymphatic system? monosaccharides fats fiber proteins
fats
Probiotics added to milk products can be beneficial for people who are __________. lactose-intolerant constipated diabetic anemic
lactose-intolerant
To which food are probiotics most often added? Fruit smoothies Cheese Yogurt Cereal
Yogurt
Food that has been moistened with saliva and then swallowed through the esophagus is called __________. pepsin an epiglottis a bolus chyme
a bolus
The absorption mechanism that requires a specific carrier molecule, but no energy, to move digested nutrients across the cell membrane is called __________. simple diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion carrier absorption
facilitated diffusion
A muscle located at the end of the esophagus must relax before the bolus can enter the stomach. This muscle is called the __________. ileocecal valve cecum pyloric sphincter gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter
gastroesophageal or lower esophageal sphincter
Rose was so focused on studying for her final exam that she was surprised when her brother knocked on her door and told her that dinner was ready. She smelled the yeast rolls warm from the oven and realized how hungry she was. Which hormone played a role in Rose's physiological response to dinner? ghrelin secretin PYY gastrin
ghrelin
All of the following are segments of the large intestine except the cecum. ileum. rectum. colon.
ileum.
Accessory organs involved in digestion include the liver, gallbladder, and kidneys. liver, trachea, and pancreas. heart, gallbladder, and pancreas. liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
During the process of digestion, the pH in the stomach is ________ the pH in the small intestine. higher than lower than similar to but not the same as the same as
lower than
Which of the following do NOT require enzymes to break them down to smaller units before being absorbed? disaccharides proteins starches monosaccharides
monosaccharides
Chemical digestion __________. occurs in the small intestine with the process known as segmentation occurs through the process known as peristalsis occurs when enzymes break apart large molecules into smaller molecules begins in the mouth with the process known as mastication
occurs when enzymes break apart large molecules into smaller molecules
The majority of the digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. mouth. liver. pancreas.
pancreas.
The absorption of the majority of ingested nutrients takes place largely in the __________. large intestine stomach small intestine mouth
small intestine
Where do both peristalsis and segmentation occur? small intestine esophagus large intestine stomach
small intestine
Which of the following nutrients' chemical digestion starts in the mouth? monosaccharides, such as fructose in orange juice disaccharides, such as lactose in milk starches, such as those found in bread fiber, such as that in whole grain bread
starches, such as those found in bread
Which of the following do not have an Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)? vitamins fats proteins carbohydrates
vitamins
What is primarily absorbed in the large intestine? lipids water and electrolytes fiber vitamins
water and electrolytes
Which of the following statement(s) regarding digestion is/are correct? The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates the gallbladder and the pancreas to release bile and pancreatic juice. Mechanical digestion in the stomach mixes and churns the bolus until it becomes a liquid called chyme. The gallbladder secretes bile, which emulsifies the fat, breaking it into smaller particles. All of these statements are correct.
All of these statements are correct.
Probiotics are usually what kind of microorganisms? Antibodies Bacteria Paramecia Mold spores
Bacteria
Which of the following statements accurately describes a process occurring during the digestion and absorption of fat? Salivary enzymes in the mouth start the digestion process. Bile is released from the gallbladder to emulsify fat. Stomach acid denatures fat. Bacteria in the large intestine partially break fat down to fatty acids, gas, and water.
Bile is released from the gallbladder to emulsify fat.
Chemical digestion does not occur in the stomach; only mechanical events occur. True False
False
The active transport mechanism of absorption requires energy but does not require a carrier molecule. True False
False
Which of the following gastrointestinal tract conditions alters the structure of the small intestine resulting in malabsorption? celiac disease irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) gastroenteritis ulcerative colitis
celiac disease