Digestion

What is mass peristalsis?

A strong peristaltic wave that begins in the transverse colon and quickly drives the contents of the colon into the rectum

When people have "acid reflux disease", what sphincter isn't working just right, and what is the result?

Acid reflux is caused by the improper working of a valve, called the lower esophageal sphincter, that normally keeps food and acids inside the stomach. When it doesn't work correctly, it allows acids to back up into the esophagus and causes heartburn.

What is the job of the stomach?

Connects the esophagus to the duodenum- the first part of the small intestine Serves as a mixing chamber and holding reservoir Stomach forces a small quantity of material into the first portion of the small intestine Can accommodate a large quantity of food. Digestion of starch and triglycerides continues, digestion of proteins begins, and the semisolid bolus is converted to a liquid, and certain substances are absorbed.

Where does most of the absorption of nutrients take place?

Duodenum of the small intestine

What is the main job of the large intestine? What is absorbed there?

Finish absorption of water

What hormone is secreted by the stomach when food stimulates stretch receptors and changes in pH?

Gastrin

What three vessels make up the portal triad of the liver?

Hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct

To where and how, is the bile delivered?

Hepatocytes release bile. It's secreted into the small intestine

While short chain fatty acids diffuse into the blood capillaries of a villus in the small intestine, large globules of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol enter the lacteals and enter the bloodstream via the _

Lymphatic capillaries

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces. It begins in the mouth as the food is chewed. Chemical digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells. Chemical digestion begins in the mouth when food mixes with saliva.

List the main structures of the gastrointestinal tract.

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

To where and how does the pancreas deliver pancreatic juice?

The small intestine through ducts - Accessory and Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

What vitamins are produced in the large intestine?

k&b

Bile is produced in the ____ and temporarily stored in the ____________.

liver / Gall bladder

Are nutrients absorbed in the stomach?

No. The stomach is primarilly an organ of storage.

The liver performs many vital functions. What is it's main function in digestion?

Process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine, bile from the liver is also important for digesting fats.

List the accessory organs of the digestive system.

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

What is the main action of HCl in the stomach?

To convert pepsinogen to pepsin

The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains mostly what kind of substances?

Water

Describe the components of gastric juice.

Water, electrolytes, HCl, enzymes, mucus, and intrinsic factor

What is bile and what is it's main function of in digestion?

Yellowish, brownish, or olive green liquid containing water, bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid lecithin, bile pigments, and several ions.Main function- critical for digestion and absorption of fats.