Digestive

43) The bulge of the greater curvature of the stomach superior to the esophageal junction is the: A) Fundus. B) Pylorus. C) Body. D) Antrum. E) Cardia.

A) Fundus.

52) Plicae and intestinal villi: A) Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. B) Secrete digestive enzymes. C) Produce hormones. D) Carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries. E) Produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.

A) Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

74) The basic functional unit of the liver is the: A) Lobule. B) Portal area. C) hepatocyte. D) bile canaliculus. E) Kupffer cell.

A) Lobule.

85) The gastroileal reflex: A) Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon. B) Promotes gastric secretion. C) Is a solely endocrine reflex. D) Decreases peristaltic activity. E) Is responsible for emptying the duodenum.

A) Makes room for more intestinal contents by moving some chyme to the colon.

72) The exocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of: A) Pancreatic acini. B) Pancreatic lobules. C) Pancreatic crypts. D) Islets of Langerhans. E) Triads.

A) Pancreatic acini.

48) Gastric pits are: A) Pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells. B) Located in the esophagus. C) Areas where proteins are digested. D) Ridges in the body of the stomach. E) Involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.

A) Pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells.

33) The uvula is located at the: A) Posterior margin of the soft palate. B) Margin of the vestibule. C) Base of a tooth. D) Margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. E) Posterior of the tongue.

A) Posterior margin of the soft palate.

49) The enzyme pepsin digests: A) Proteins. B) carbohydrates. C) lipids. D) vitamins. E) Nucleic acids.

A) Proteins.

12) A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the: A) Stomach. B) Oral cavity. C) Esophagus. D) Oropharynx. E) Rectum.

A) Stomach.

81) During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion, A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach. B) The intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying. C) Secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells. D) Production of gastric juice slows down. E) The stomach responds to distention.

A) There is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.

62) Plicae circulares are: A) Transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine. B) Sacculations in the colon. C) Abnormal structures formed by excessive pressure in the small intestine. D) Ridges in the wall of the stomach. E) Fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.

A) Transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.

14) In visceral smooth muscle: A) When one muscle cell contracts, the contraction spreads as a wave through the whole tissue. B) Contraction can only be stimulated by neurotransmitters. C) The cells are linearly arranged as long fibers. D) Adjacent cells are connected by synapses. E) The cells are interconnected through intercalated disks.

A) When one muscle cell contracts, the contraction spreads as a wave through the whole tissue.

100) The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability. A) mesentery proper B) diaphragm C) falciform ligament D) lesser omentum E) greater omentum

A) mesentery proper

20) The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar. A) parotid B) submaxillary C) submandibular D) vestibular E) sublingual

A) parotid

78) The pancreas produces ______ digesting enzymes in the form of proenzymes. A) protein B) carbohydrate C) nucleic acid D) sugar E) lipid

A) protein

108) The salivary gland produces ________ liters of saliva each day. A) 1.0 B) 1.3 C) 1.7 D) 2.0 E) 2.3

B) 1.3

42) The portion of the stomach that connects to the esophagus is the: A) Body. B) Cardia. C) Antrum. D) Fundus. E) Pylorus.

B) Cardia.

65) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is: A) Enterokinase. B) Cholecystokinin. C) Gastrin. D) GIP (Gastric inhibitory peptide) E) Secretin.

B) Cholecystokinin (CCK)

54) The duodenal ampulla is formed by the fusion of the: A) Duodenum & the pancreatic duct. B) Common bile duct and the pancreatic duct. C) Duodenum with the jejunum. D) Duodenum and the bile duct. E) Duodenum with the pylorus.

B) Common bile duct and the pancreatic duct.

66) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is: A) Enterocrinin. B) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). C) Cholecystokinin. D) Secretin. E) Enterokinase.

B) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

32) The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the: A) Faux. B) Lingual frenulum. C) Labial frenulum. D) Uvula. E) Glossal connection.

B) Lingual frenulum.

97) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the: A) Esophagus. B) Mouth. C) Ileum. D) Stomach. E) Duodenum.

B) Mouth.

87) Functions of the large intestine include: A) Chemical digestion of chyme. B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces. C) Primarily absorb the products of digestion. D) Temporary food storage. E) both A and C

B) Resorption of water and compaction of feces.

10) Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the: A) Mucosa. B) Submucosa. C) Serosa. D) Adventitia. E) Muscularis.

B) Submucosa.

107) Which of the following is responsible for stabilizing the liver? A) mesentery proper B) falciform ligament C) greater omentum D) diaphragm E) lesser omentum

B) falciform ligament

7) The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their: proper position. A) lamina propria B) mesenteries C) adventitia D) serosa E) fibrosa

B) mesenteries

104) The ________ chemically breaks down materials. A) esophagus B) stomach C) anus D) large intestine

B) stomach

19) ________ Pair of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

C) 3

5) The myenteric plexus is: A) A layer of longitudinal smooth muscle. B) The mucus-secreting layer of the digestive tract. C) A network of neurons. D) Primarily composed of connective tissue. E) A layer of circular smooth muscle.

C) A network of neurons

68) The enzyme enterokinase: A) Functions in carbohydrate digestion. B) Stimulates release of pancreatic secretions. C) Activates protein-digesting enzymes. D) Functions in lipid digestion. E) Stimulates the release of bile.

C) Activates protein-digesting enzymes.

84) All of the following are true of the enterogastric reflex, except that it: A) Is triggered by distention of the stomach. B) Produces an increase in glandular secretion. C) Aids in the defecation reflex. D) Increases peristaltic activity all along the digestive tract. E) Aids in emptying the duodenum.

C) Aids in the defecation reflex.

73) Each of the following is a function of the liver, except: A) Synthesis and secretion of bile. B) Synthesis of plasma proteins. C) Antibody production. D) Storage of glycogen and lipid reserves. E) Inactivation of toxins.

C) Antibody production.

93) A small, fingerlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the Cecum is the: A) Gallbladder. B) Pancreas. C) Appendix. D) Ileum. E) Haustra.

C) Appendix.

29) The lateral walls of the oral cavity are formed by the: A) Fauces. B) Gingiva. C) Cheeks. D) Vestibule. E) pharynx

C) Cheeks.

21) The passageway between the oral cavity and the pharynx is the: A) Palatoglossal arch. B) Uvula. C) Fauces. D) Pharyngeal arch. E) Palatopharyngeal arch.

C) Fauces.

3) Which of the following is not a digestive function? A) mechanical processing B) absorption C) filtration D ingestion E) compaction

C) Filtration

80) Bile is stored in the: A) Liver. B) Duodenum. C) Gallbladder. D) Pancreas. E) Appendix.

C) Gallbladder.

39) Parietal cells secrete: A) Enterokinase. B) Pepsinogen. C) Hydrochloric acid. D) Mucus. E) gastrin

C) Hydrochloric acid.

37) The esophagus: A) Extends from the fauces to the stomach. B) Functions in digestion of carbohydrates. C) Is a muscular tube. D) Has a thick lining that will tolerate stomach acid. E) Releases digestive enzymes that begin the digestion of peptides.

C) Is a muscular tube.

57) Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by all of the following, except: A) Intestinal movements. B) The microvilli. C) Its reduced length. D) The villi. E) The plicae circulares.

C) Its reduced length

55) The plicae circulares achieve maximum size and the villi are most developed in the: A) Stomach. B) Pancreas. C) Jejunum. D) Duodenum. E) Colon.

C) Jejunum.

98) Most products of fat digestion are absorbed by: A) The interstitial fluid. B) Veins. C) Lymphatic vessels. D) Capillaries. E) The arterioles.

C) Lymphatic vessels.

4) The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the: A) Muscularis mucosa. B) Serosa. C) Mucosa. D) Adventitia. E) Submucosa.

C) Mucosa

40) Chief cells secrete: A) Hydrochloric acid. B) Mucus. C) Pepsinogen. D) Gastrin. E) Intrinsic factor.

C) Pepsinogen.

15) Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called: A) Segmentation. B) Churning movements. C) Peristalsis. D) Pendular movements. E) Mastication.

C) Peristalsis.

45) The curved, tubular portion of the J-shaped stomach is the: A) Cardia. B) Fundus. C) Pylorus. D) Antrum. E) Body.

C) Pylorus.

89) Approximately the last 15 cm of the digestive tract is the: A) Rectal column. B) Sigmoid colon. C) Rectum. D) Anal canal. E) Anus.

C) Rectum.

50) A proteinase that is produced in the stomachs of newborn infants and that functions in the digestion of milk protein is: A) Cholecystokinin. B) Pepsin. C) Rennin. D) Trypsin. E) Gastrin.

C) Rennin

1) Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the: A) Pharynx. B) Stomach. C) Spleen. D) Esophagus. E) Colon.

C) Spleen

91) The taenia coli are A) Polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon. B) Ridges in the mucosa of the colon. C) Three longitudinal bands of muscle located beneath the serosa of the colon. D) External pouches of the colon. E) Tumors normally found in the ascending colon.

C) Three longitudinal bands of muscle located beneath the serosa of the colon.

94) Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements. A) peristaltic B) churning C) mass D) pendular E) segmentation

C) mass

6) Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds. A) mucosa B) submucosal plexus C) muscularis mucosa D) adventitia E) submucosa

C) muscularis mucosa

105) Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae? A) muscularis mucosae B) lamina propria C) submucosa D) digestive epithelium E) mucosa

C) submucosa

69) The human liver is composed of ____ lobe(s). A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5

D) 4

38) Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except: A) Storage of ingested food. B) Mechanical breakdown of food C) Denaturation of proteins. D) Absorption of dipeptides. E) Initiation of protein digestion.

D) Absorption of dipeptides.

92) The saclike structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the A) Haustra. B) Sigmoid colon. C) Appendix. D) Cecum. E) Rectum.

D) Cecum.

83) All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that it: A) Begins when chyme enters the small intestine. B) Involves both neural and endocrine reflexes. C) Functions to control the rate of gastric emptying. D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine. E) Helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency.

D) Ends when fat enters the small intestine.

63) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the secretion of the duodenal glands is: A) Cholecystokinin. B) Secretin. C) Gastrin. D) Enterocrinin. E) GIP.

D) Enterocrinin.

79) The structure that marks the division between the right and left lobes of the liver is the: A) Ligamentum teres. B) Lesser omentum. C) Greater omentum. D) Falciform ligament. E) Hepatic ligament.

D) Falciform ligament.

56) Peyer's patches are characteristic of the: A) Colon. B) Stomach. C) Duodenum. D) Ileum. E) Jejunum.

D) Ileum.

67) An intestinal hormone that stimulates parietal cells and chief cells in the stomach to secrete is: A) Enterokinase. B) Cholecystokinin. C) Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). D) Intestinal gastrin. E) Secretin.

D) Intestinal gastrin.

60) The middle portion of the small intestine is the: A) Cecum. B) leum. C) Duodenum. D) Jejunum. E) Pylorus.

D) Jejunum.

86) Digested materials move across the intestinal wall by all of the following, except: A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) diffusion. D) Osmosis. E) Cotransport.

D) Osmosis.

2) Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) stomach B) colon C) esophagus D) pancreas E) spleen

D) Pancreas

46) The prominent ridges in the lining of the stomach are called: A) papillae. B) villi. C) Plicae. D) Rugae. E) Cardia.

D) Rugae.

64) An intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery secretion that is high in bicarbonate ion is: A) Enterocrinin. B) GIP. C) Cholecystokinin. D) Secretin. E) Gastrin.

D) Secretin.

8) Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the: A) Adventitia. B) Serosa. C) Mucosa. D) Submucosal plexus. E) Lamina propria.

D) Submucosal plexus

17) The activities of the digestive system are regulated by: A) Hormones. B The contents of the digestive tract. C) Parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. D) all of the above E) A and B only

D) all of the above

77) The pancreas produces: A) Nucleases. B) Lipases and amylase. C) Peptidases and proteinases. D) all of the above E) A and C only

D) all of the above

99) The "muscular tube" of the digestive system can also be referred to as the A) GI tract. B) Esophagus. C) Alimentary canal. D) both A and C E) all of the above

D) both A and C

71) In the center of a liver lobule there is a: A Sinusoid. B) Hepatic duct. C) portal vein. D) central vein. E) Portal area.

D) central vein.

28) Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands? A) help lubricate the oral cavity and its contents B) contain enzymes for the digestion of complex carbohydrates C) help control bacterial populations in the mouth D) contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars E) are mostly water

D) contain enzymes for the digestion of simple sugars

102) Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A) falciform ligament B) lesser omentum C) diaphragm D) greater omentum E) mesentery proper

D) greater omentum

27) During deglutition: A) The upper esophageal sphincter opens. B) The larynx elevates and the epiglottis opens. C) The soft palate elevates. D) all of the above E) A and C only

E) A and C only

58) The most striking aspect of intestinal histology is the: A) Variety of the cells lining the mucosa. B) Large number of goblet cells. C) Large number of endocrine cells. D) Complexity of the enzyme-secreting cells. E) Adaptations for increasing absorptive area.

E) Adaptations for increasing absorptive area.

51) Lacteals: A) Produce new cells for the mucosa of the small intestine. B) Produce hormones. C) Secrete digestive enzymes. D) Increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine. E) Carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.

E) Carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.

70) The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the: A) Common pancreatic duct. B) Hepatic portal vein. C) bile canaliculus. D) porta hepatis. E) Common bile duct.

E) Common bile duct.

59) The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the: A) Jejunum. B) Cecum. C) Ileum. D) Colon. E) Duodenum.

E) Duodenum.

82) The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the: A) Entry of chyme into the small intestine. B) Release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. C) Entry of chyme into the large intestine. D) Sight, thought, or smell of food. E) Entry of food into the stomach.

E) Entry of food into the stomach.

13) A modification of the digestive epithelium that allows expansion of the organ is the presence of: A) Large amounts of skeletal muscle. B) Mucous glands. C) Ciliated columnar cells. D) Flat surfaces. E) Folds or pleats.

E) Folds or pleats.

41) Enteroendocrine cells of the stomach secrete: A) Secretin. B) Pepsin. C) Cholecystokinin. D) Enterokinase. E) Gastrin.

E) Gastrin.

75) ___ are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of plates radiating outward from a central vein. A) Hepatic ducts B) Portal areas C) Kupffer cells D) Bile canaliculi E) Hepatocytes

E) Hepatocytes

61) The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the large intestine is the: A) Cecum. B) Duodenum. C) Appendix. D) Jejunum. E) Ileum.

E) Ileum.

11) The layer of loose connective tissue beneath the digestive epithelium is the: A) Submucosal plexus. B) Myenteric plexus. C) Submucosa. D) Muscularis mucosae. E) Lamina propria.

E) Lamina propria.

16) Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called: A) Defecation. B) Haustral churning. C) Pendular movements. D) Segmentation. E) Mass movements.

E) Mass movements.

9) Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the: A) Submucosal plexus. B) Mucosa. C) Muscularis mucosa. D) Submucosa. E) Myenteric plexus.

E) Myenteric plexus.

22) Functions of the tongue include all of the following, except: A) Aiding in speech. B) Manipulation of food. C) Mechanical processing of food. D) Sensory analysis of food. E) Partitioning off the oral pharynx from the nasal pharynx.

E) Partitioning off the oral pharynx from the nasal pharynx.

88) At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the: A) Descending colon. B) Ascending colon. C) Rectum. D) Sigmoid colon. E) Transverse colon.

E) Transverse colon.

96) An enzyme that will digest proteins into polypeptides is: A) Maltase. B) Amylase. C) Nuclease. D) Lipase. E) Trypsin.

E) Trypsin.

103) Which of the following is a role of the digestive tract lining? A) digests swallowed bacteria B) protects from abrasions C) safeguards nearby tissue D) protects from digestive acids E) all of the above

E) all of the above

106) The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity: A) Prevents irritation. B) Secretes peritoneal fluid. C) Decreases friction. D) Lubricates the cavity. E) all of the above

E) all of the above

101) This organ is responsible for primary water absorption. A) stomach B) small intestine C) esophagus D) anus E) large intestine

E) large intestine

109) Approximately ________ liters of fluid are secreted and reabsorbed into the digestive system each day. A) 7 B) 10 C) 2 D) 1 E) 5

A) 7

47) The greater omentum is: A) A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera. B) Attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature. C) Important in the digestion of fats. D) A major portion of the stomach. E) A sheet of connective tissue that attaches the stomach to the liver and pancreas.

A) A fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

76) The Kupffer cells of the liver: A) Are phagocytic. B) Store glycogen. C) Form urea. D) Secrete bile. E) all of the above

A) Are phagocytic.

44) The large area of the stomach between the fundus and the J curve is the: A) Body. B) Pylorus. C) Cardia. D) Antrum. E) Fundus.

A) Body.

95) The enzyme alpha amylase helps digest: A) Complex carbohydrates. B) Nucleic acids. C) lipids. D) proteins. E) simple sugars.

A) Complex carbohydrates.

18) The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except: A) Digestion of cholesterol fats. B) Mechanical processing of food. C) Lubrication. D) Digestion of carbohydrates. E) Analysis of material before swallowing.

A) Digestion of cholesterol fats.

53) Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the: A) Duodenum. B) Jejunum. C) Ileum. D) Liver. E) Pancreas.

A) Duodenum.

90) Haustra are A) External pouches of the colon. B) The source of hormones produced by the colon. C) Glands in the large intestine that secrete enzymes. D) Feces stored in the rectum. E) Ridges in the mucosa of the colon.

A) External pouches of the colon.