Digestive and Urinary System
what are the three sections of the small intestine
+Duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. The main role of the duodenum is to complete the first phase of digestion. ... +Jejunum. The jejunum is the second part of the small intestine. ... +Ileum. The ileum is the third part of the small intestine.
what % of water is normally excreted by the human kidney
95
what are the accessory organs? give examples
Accessory organs of the digestive system include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
what happens in the appendicitis
Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes blocked, often by stool, a foreign body, or cancer. Blockage may also occur from infection, since the appendix can swell in response to any infection in the body.
where is bile made? where is it stored? what part of the digestive system does it enter? what is the purpose of bile in the digesive system
Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile), and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine
what does it mean to emulsify fats
Emulsification of fats is also a critical part of digestion. Most of the fluid in your digestive tract is water-based, so when you consume fats, they tend to form large globules in your intestines. ... As a result, your body uses an emulsifier known as bile to break up these fat globules.
how is colon cancer diagnosed
In addition to a physical examination, the following tests may be used to diagnose colorectal cancer. Colonoscopy. As described in Screening, a colonoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the entire rectum and colon while a patient is sedated. A colonoscopist is a doctor who specializes in performing this test.
what is the name of the function unit of the kidney
Nephron
what are nitrogenous wastes and why do we need to get rid of it
Nitrogenous waste are by products.. -NH2= NH3 very toxic Fish- ammonia ,bird- uric acid, mammal - urea
how is nitrogenous wastes excreted in fish, birds and mammals
Nitrogenous wastes in the body tend to form toxic ammonia, which must be excreted. Mammals such as humans excrete urea, while birds, reptiles, and some terrestrial invertebrates produce uric acid as waste.
what substances are made by the stomach and what do they do
Pepsin and hydroclorid acid HCI ... PH of stomach is 2
what is the function of a kidney, Ureter, bladder, and urethra
Regulation of extracellular fluid volume. The kidneys work to ensure an adequate quantity of plasma to keep blood flowing to vital organs. The ureter is a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. There are two ureters, one attached to each kidney. The upper half of the ureter is located in the abdomen and the lower half is located in the pelvic area. The urinary bladder is a muscular sac in the pelvis, just above and behind the pubic bone. When empty, the bladder is about the size and shape of a pear. Urine is made in the kidneys and travels down two tubes called ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body.
what is the longest organ of the alimentary canal and why?
Small intestine, has to do a lot of digestion
what type of muscle is involved in the propulsion of food through the alimentary canal
Smooth
what causes most ulcers
Stomach and duodenal ulcers are usually due to one of two causes: the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or nonsteroidal anti — inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen. An ulcer, regardless of the cause, can cause abdominal pain, bleeding, or even cause a hole (perforation
what are the organs of the alimentary canal
The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. ( Mary please eat come sweet large apples)
what nutrient is digested in the mouth? what is the role of the tongue in digestion
The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth. The salivary enzyme amylase begins the breakdown of food starches into maltose, a disaccharide. As the food travels through the esophagus to the stomach, no significant digestion of carbohydrates takes place.
what is the role of bacteria in the large intestine
The many bacteria that inhabit the large intestine can further digest some material, creating gas. Bacteria in the large intestine also make some important substances, such as vitamin K, which plays an important role in blood clotting.
what is esophagus? what happens in the Esophagus
The passage between the pharynx and the stomach.esophagus. The esophagus is made of muscles that contract to move food to the stomach.
what is the hepatic portal system, blood draining the digestive system foes directly to which accessory organ
The portal venous system is responsible for directing blood from parts of the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. Substances absorbed in the small intestine travel first to the liver for processing before continuing to the heart.
what are villi and how do the assist with absorption in the small intestine
The small intestine contains small finger-like projections of tissue called villi which increase the surface area of the intestine and contain specialized cells that transport substances into the bloodstream. Although these villi do not aid in the digestion of nutrients, they do help with nutrient absorption
other than water, what is absorbed in the large intestine?
These bacteria also make some vitamin K as well as some B vitamins. These vitamins are absorbed by the large intestine along with some ions, but the chief product absorbed by your large intestine is water. Water reabsorption is a main function of the large intestine.
what are kidney stones, kidney failure, and cystitis
a hard mass formed in the kidneys, typically consisting of insoluble calcium compounds; a renal calculus. Kidneys are the organs that filter waste products from the blood. They are also involved in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte balance, and red blood cell production in the body. ... The diagnosis of kidney failure usually is made by blood tests measuring BUN, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) .inflammation of the urinary bladder. It is often caused by infection and is usually accompanied by frequent, painful urination
what is a sphincter and what does the sphincter do that is located between the stomach and the esophagus? what happens if that spinchter malfunctions?
a ring of muscle surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or tube, such as the anus or the openings of the stomach. prevents acid from coming up through the esophagus, if fails acid will come up
what are the 3 main functions of the stomach? what nutrients is digested in the stomach?
digestion of food. secretion of gastric juices as well as mucus which helps to coat its lining, preventing erosion by gastric juices. secretion of gastric hormones. regulation of the rate at which partially digested food is delivered to the small intestine. Protein
what are the 4 steps that ate involved in the formation of Urine
filteration- blood is filtered through preamble membranes in the nephron reabsorption - valuable materials back into blood secretion- substances from body fluids are added to filterate excretion- discarding unwanted waste
where does filtration occur in the nephron
glomerulus
what is the official Definition of digestion
he catabolic process in the digestive tract where ingested food is converted into simpler, soluble and diffusible substances that can be assimilated by the body
what is the major process that occurs in the large intestine
helps by absorbing water and making the stools solid .Ions and nutrients released by gut bacteria and dissolved in water are also absorbed in the large intestine and used by the body for metabolism.
what is homostasis? how does kidney work to maintain homeostasis? what are the two basic functions of the kidney that work to maintain homeostasis?
keeps internal balance the same the kidney maintains the blood pressure, water balance and helps produce red blood cells
Define Mastication, Absorption, defecation
mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis, defecation the discharge of feces from the body.
what is the name of the motion that propels food through the esophagus
peristalsis
why is the pharynx important in digestion
s muscular walls function in the process of swallowing, and it serves as a pathway for the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus.
where in the digestive system does most chemical digestion and adsorption occur
small intestine
What is the alimentary canal
the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus. It includes the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.