Digestive System
what are the steps for testing for sugar and starch
40 drops of water/substance in container, 20 drops of liquid being tested on in test tube (sugar), 10 drops of benedicts (sugar) or 3 drops of lugols right in container (starch), heat benedicts mixture for 1 minute
how much water should you drink daily
6-8 glasses
True or False: Amylase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas.
False
True or False: Carbohydrates are broken down in the stomach into simple sugars.
False
True or False: Large amounts of water are absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine.
False
True or False: Protein digestion begins in the mouth.
False
True or False: The Recommended Daily Allowance mostly concerns the intake of cholesterol.
False
True or False: The nutrients in food are absorbed in the large intestine.
False
what is gastric juice made of
HCl and pepsin
True or False: Bile changes fats physically by breaking them up.
True
True or False: Daily mineral and vitamin needs can be met by eating fruits and vegetables.
True
True or False: Solid wastes are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus.
True
True or False: The body can't survive long without water.
True
True or False: The body uses digestion to release the energy in food that is locked up in chemical bonds.
True
True or False: The chemical digestion of fats takes place in the small intestine.
True
True or False: Weight loss occurs when the body takes in fewer calories than it needs.
True
epiglottis
a flap of cartilage that blocks food from going down the trachea
organ
a group of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
body system
a group of organs that work together
esophagus
a long muscular tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach
calories
a measure of the energy used by the body
enzyme
a protein catalyst that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
digestive enzyme
a protein used to break down food
enzyme
a specific type of protein that is used to break down food, are found in digestive organs
nutrients
a substance in food that is used by the body for metabolism
example of diffusion
a tea bag in hot water
saliva
a watery substance in the mouth that begins the process of chemical digestion
bulimia
an eating disorder in which a person eats large amounts of food and then vomits or uses laxatives
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which fear of becoming overweight turns into starvation
amylase
an enzyme in the mouth, found in saliva, breaks starches down into sugar
vitamin
an organic nutrient needed in very small amounts for cell metabolism
fat
an organic nutrient that protects internal organs and insulates to retain body heat
protein
an organic nutrient used for growth and repair of tissues
what are positive test results for starch
black
why the body needs proteins
building and repairing tissue in the body (muscle)
sources of fats
butter, cookies, oils, and dairy products
bolus
chewed food
passive transport
digested nutrients dissolve, move through the walls of your small intestine and blood vessels, transports nutrients throughout the body
where in our bodies does passive transport happen
digested nutrients move through the walls of the small intestine and blood vessels to evenly distribute nutrients
sources of protein
eggs, nuts, beef, and pork
minerals
elements used by the body in very small amounts
Vegetarians combine foods to meet their bodies' needs for _____________.
essential amino acids
how do you find surface area
find the areas of all the sides and add them together
villi
fingerlike structures through which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream
pepsin
found in the stomach, part of gastric juice, breaks down proteins
what are the organs that food does not directly go through
gall bladder, pancreas, liver
what does bile do
helps digest fats
what is HCl
hydrochloric acid
where does most chemical digestion take place
in the duodenum
where is bile stored
in the gallbladder
where is bile created
in the liver
why the body needs fats
insulates the body, stores energy in a concentrated form, provides a cushion
why is diffusion passive transport
it doesn't require any energy from cells
what do sphincter muscles do
make sure the food is small enough to pass to the next organ in the digestive system
villi
microscopic, fingerlike projections that line the inner wal of the small intestine and increase the surface area available for absorption of nutrients
order of the digestive tract
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
peristalsis
muscles that push food in the digestive system
what helps food move through the digestive tract
muscles, mucus, fiber, and water
what does pancreatic juice do
neutralizes the acid from the stomach and finalizes the breaking down of starches into simple sugars and proteins into amino acids
carbohydrates
organic nutrients that are the main sources of energy for the body
how are organs and body systems different
organs are smaller and cannot the body alone, but body systems are large and support the body
Juices from the ________ break down protein, fat, and starch in the small intestine.
pancreas
sources of carbohydrates
pasta, bread, cereals, and potatoes
what does mucus do
protects the stomach from gastric juice, which stops the formation of ulcers
what gets digested in the stomach
proteins
why the body needs carbohydrates
provides energy
what does the large intestine do
reabsorbs water, maintains the fluid balance of the body, absorbs certain vitamins, processes undigested material, stores waste before it is eliminated
what are positive test results for sugar
red, orange, yellow, or green
saliva
spit, a liquid produced in the mouth
amino acids
the building blocks of proteins
chemical digestion
the changing of food into a form the body can use
balanced diet
the food you eat during the day that gives your body all the nutrients needed to carry out life processes
mechanical digestion
the physical movement of food through the digestive system (i.e. - chewing food)
diffusion
the process by which molecules move from places where they are more concentrated to places where they are less concentrated
digestion
the process that takes food and changes it into substances that can be used by the body
peristalsis
the series of muscular contractions that moves food through the digestive system
mucus
the substance that lines the digestive system, protecting the stomach from gastric juices and aiding ease of digestion
what happens if you eat too many carbohydrates
they turn into fat
microvilli
tiny projections that cover the villi
who does the small intestine need such a large surface area
to absorb a lot of nutrients, 600 times greater surface area than a smooth surface
why do we need minerals
to help the body carry out daily functions (i.e- building strong bones)
active transport
uses cell's energy to move through the cell membrane, changes the shape of the protein
6 nutrients
water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals
chemical digestion
when enzymes and acids break down food
trachea
windpipe (tube that air travels through)
