Digestive system

the breakdown of food into small particles is called

Digestion

Distinguish between the excretory functions of the respiratory system and the integumentary system

...

Distinguish between ureter and urethra

A ureter is where the urine leaves and the urethra is where urine leaves the body.

What is urinary disorder?

A urinary disorder is an illness that affects one or more organs of the urinary system.

Which nutrient helps your body absorb vitamins.

A well balanced diet that includes the six groups of nutrients.

The amount of energy in food is measured in?

Calories

One type of nutrient is made by long chains of sugars

Carbohydrates

The major source of energy in your diet comes from?

Carbohydrates

Which process depends on enzymes

Chemical digestion

Calorie

Energy in food is measured in Calories. A Calorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1 Celsius.

Use the term bladder in a sentence.

I have to go empty my bladder.

Proteins

Most of tissue in your body are made of proteins. A protein is a large molecule that is made of amino acids and contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. Proteins have many functions including relaying signals between cells, protecting against disease, providing support to cells, and speeding up chemical reactions. Good sources of protein are fish, beans, meat, eggs, and nuts.

Define the word nephron in your own words

Nephrons are networks of capillaries and small tubes, or tubules, where filtration of blood occurs. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.

Nephrons

Nephrons are networks of capillaries and small tubes, or tubules, where filtration of blood occurs. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons.

What is the main function of the excretory system

Remove waste.

What is the function of the urinary system?

The function of the urinary system is to produce, store, and removes liquid waste from the body.

The integumentary system/excretory system

The integumentary system, which includes the skin, secretes excess salt and water through sweat glands.

Respiratory system/excretory system

The respiratory system removes carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body.

Groups of nutrients

The six groups of nutrients are: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

Compare the functions of the stomach and the small intestine.

The stomach stores and breaks down food and the small intestine, absorbs nutrients from partially broken down food.

Urinary system/excretory system

The urinary system processes, transports, collects, and removes liquid waste from the body.

Organs of the urinary system

The urinary system produces, stores, and removes liquid waste from the body and helps maintain homeostasis. The organs of the urinary system include 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, the bladder and the urethra. These organs work together to process, transport, collect, and excrete liquid waste.

How do enzymes help with digestion?

They help with digestion by helping break down each type of food molecule. The enzyme does this by attaching to a food particle, speeding up the chemical reaction that breaks down the food particle and then the enzyme releases the broken down food particle. The enzyme then goes and breaks down another food molecule.

Ureter

Urine leaves each kidney through a tube called the ureter.

Urethra

Urine leaves the bladder through a tube called the urethra. The urethra contains circular muscles called sphincters that control the release of urine.

How do structures like villi affect digestion.

Villi insert nutrients into the blood stream.

what does not affect how much energy a person has

height

About 25-35 % of your total daily should be from fats

nutrients

Food moves down the esophagus by

peristalsis

why is eating a balanced diet important?

It is important to eat a balanced diet because it ensures that your body has the nutrients it needs to function.

What does the digestive system do?

It takes food that has been ingested and breaks it down into small particles that your body can absorb and use. It then eliminates undigested food.

excretory system

The excretory system collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body.

Vitamins

Vitamin B2-Milk, meats, and veggies-For energy Vit C-oranges, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage-growth and repair of body tissues. Vit A-carrots, milk, sweet potatoes, and broccoli-helps night vision and maintain healthy skin and bones.

Vitamins

Vitamins are nutrients that are needed in small amounts for growth, regulation of body functions, and prevention of some diseases. You can obtain most of the vitamins that you need by eating a well balanced diet. If you do not consume enough of one or more vitamins, then you might develop symptoms of vitamin deficiency. The symptoms depend on which vitamin you are lacking.

What might happen to the other body systems if the digestive system did not function properly.

Waste would pile up and you would die.

Urine

When blood is filtered, a fluid called urine is produced.

urine is stored in the bladder

bladder

The kidneys filter wastes from the.....

blood

A tube that connects the kidney to the bladder is called

the small intestine

What happens to food after it enters your mouth?

1. Ingestion, act of eating or putting food into your mouth. 2 Digestion, mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small partials and molecules that your body can absorb and use. 3. absorption, cells take in small molecules of digested food. 4. elimination, undigested food and wastes are eliminated.

Name the different ways the excretory system maintains homeostasis?

1. It filters wastes from the blood. 2.removes waste from the digestive system. 3.it also interacts with the nervous system.

Functions of the kidney's.

1. The kidneys eliminate liquid waste from the body. 2. They produce hormones that stimulate the production of red blood cells. 3. They control blood pressure 4. They help control calcium levels in the body.

Nutrition

All foods give your body energy to use. The amount of energy in food is measured in Calories. The amount of energy a person needs depends on factors including weight, age, activity level, and gender. Food is made of nutrients—substances that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair.

Regulation of liquids

Another function of the excretory system is to regulate the level of fluids in the body. Some of the water in your body is lost when waste is eliminated. The excretory system controls how much water leaves the body through elimination. This ensures that neither too little nor to much water is lost.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are usually the bodies major source of energy. They are commonly found in 3 forms, starches, sugars, or fibers. All of them are made of sugar molecules that are linked together like a chain. Foods that are high in Carbohydrates are easy to digest. Good sources of carbohydrates are red beans, fruits, and vegetables.

Functions of the excretory system

Collection and elimination, Regulation of liquids, types of excretion.

Distinguish between digestion and absorption.

Digestion is eating something having the nutrients taken out of it and then getting rid of it and absorption is taking something out of something else.

Digestion

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.

Define enzyme in your own words.

Enzyme is something that helps speed up chemical digestion.

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that help break down larger molecules into smaller molecules. Enzymes also speed up or catalyze the rate of chemical reactions. Without enzymes some chemical reactions would be too slow or wouldn't occur at all. there are many types of enzymes. Each one is specialized to help break down a specific molecule at a specific location in the body.

kidney filtration stages

First filtration: During the first filtration, water, sugar, salt, and waste pass from the capillaries into small tubes. The first filtration occurs in clusters of capillaries in nephrons. These clusters of capillaries filter water, sugar, salt, and waste out of the blood. Second filtration: During second filtration, water and nutrients pass from the small tubes into the blood vessels that surround them. During second filtration up to 99% of the water and nutrients from the first filtration are separated and reabsorbed into the blood. The remaining liquid and waste products form urine.

How do the ureters, bladder, and urethra work together to excrete urine?

First the urine leaves each kidney through the ureters. Then the urine drains into the bladder. Then the urine leaves the bladder through the urethra and is expelled.

Large intestine.

Food that is not absorbed in the small intestine move by peristalsis into the large intestine, also called the colon. As food travels through the large intestine, even more water is absorbed. Materials that pass through the large intestine are waste products of digestion. The waste products become more solid as excess water is absorbed. Peristalsis continues to force the remaining semisolid waste material into the last section of the large intestine called the rectum. Large quantities of bacteria here. Same motion as in your esophagus (peristalsis) forces the semi-solid waste into the last section of large intestine Rectum and anus- muscles here control the release of this waste called feces.

Give an example of when you might need to drink more water than usual?

If you live in a hot environment, you are sick, or you work out.

Minerals

In addition to vitamins, you also need minerals. Minerals are inorganic nutrients, nutrients that do not contain carbon, that help the body regulate many chemical reactions. You can also get mineral deficiency if you do not consume enough of certain minerals.

Why is the stomachs ability to store food beneficial?

It is beneficial because you can go hours in between meals.

Explain why it is important to consume vitamins?

It is important to consume vitamins because vitamins are necessary for regulation of body functions and prevention of some diseases. If you do not consume enough vitamins you can develop vitamin deficiency.

Kidneys

Kidneys are bean shaped organs that filter and remove waste from blood. You have 2 kidneys one on each side of your body near the back wall of your abdomen. Each kidney is the size of your fist. Kidneys are dark red in color because of the large volume of blood that passes through them. The kidneys have several functions. The kidneys contain blood vessels and nephrons. Nephrons are networks of capillaries and small tubes, or tubules, where filtration of blood occurs. Each kidney contains about one million nephrons. Blood contains waste products, salts, and sometimes toxins from cells that need to be removed from the body. These products are filtered from the blood as it passes through the kidneys. When blood is filtered, a fluid called urine is produced. The kidneys filter and produce urine in 2 stages.

Mouth

Mechanical digestion begins in your mouth with chewing. Your tongue and cheek mechanically digest food as you chew. Your salivary glands produce saliva at the very thought of food. Saliva contains an enzyme that helps break down carbohydrates. It also contains substances that neutralize acidic food. It contains a slippery substance that makes food easier to swallow.

Types of digestion

Mechanical digestion-food is physically broken down by chewing, grinding or mashing food. Chemical digestion-breaks food down into small molecules with the help of enzymes.

What are factors determine the amount of energy a person needs?

The amount of energy a person needs depends on several factors, such as weight, age, activity level, and gender. For example, a person with a mass of 68 kg

Bladder

The bladder is a muscular sac that holds urine until the urine is excreted. The bladder expands and contracts like a balloon when filled or emptied.

Digestive system/excretory system

The digestive system collects and removes undigested solids from the foods you eat.

Collection and elimination

The digestive system collects waste products in the intestines. The circulatory system collects waste products in blood. If waste is not removed, or eliminated, from your body, it could become toxic and damage your organs.

The digestive system and homeostasis

The digestive system has to function properly for nutrients to be absorbed in the small intestine. These nutrients are necessary to maintain homeostasis, which is an organisms ability to maintain steady internal conditions when the outside conditions change.

Give an example of how the digestive system affects the body.

The digestive system provides nutrients to the rest of the body by breaking the food down, so it can be used for homeostasis.

What body systems make up the excretory system?

The digestive system, urinary system, respiratory system, and the integumentary system.

Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. Food moves through the esophagus by waves of muscle contractions called peristalsis. Peristalsis occurs when muscles in the esophagus contract and relax, partially digested food is pushed down the esophagus and into the stomach.

What does the excretory system do?

The excretory system collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body.

How does the excretory system interact with the nervous system?

The excretory system interacts with the nervous system by controlling the secretion of some hormones through the hypothalamus. This helps maintain homeostasis.

What organs work together to help with chemical digestion?

The mouth, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, and the large intestine.

Small intestine

The small intestine is a long tube connected to the stomach. It is where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur. Chemical digestion of proteins carbohydrates, nucleic acids and fats takes place in the first part of the small intestine called the duodenum. The rest of the small intestine absorbs nutrients from the food. The inside of the small intestine is lined with finger like projections called villi (plural) villus (singular) Each villus contains small blood vessels through which nutrients diffuse into the blood stream. The pancreas and the liver produce substances that enter the small intestine and help with chemical digestion. The pancreas produces an enzyme called amylase that helps break down carbohydrates and a substance that neutralizes stomach acid. The liver produces bile which makes it easier to digest fats. The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

Stomach

The stomach is a large hollow organ that temporarily stores food. This allows you to go many hours between meals. The stomach also aids in chemical digestion. The folds in the walls of the stomach can expand and hold large amounts of food. The cells in these folds produce chemicals that help break down proteins. The stomach contains an acidic fluid called gastric juice. This acid helps breakdown your food further. Gastric juice also contains pepsin, an enzyme that helps break down proteins in foods into amino acids. Peristalsis causes the muscles in the stomach to contract, which causes the food to mix with gastric juices in the stomach. As the food mixes with the gastric juice, it forms a thin watery liquid called chyme.

Fats

You need a certain amount of fat in your diet and on your body to stay healthy. Fats, also called lipids, provide energy and help your body absorb vitamins. They are a major part of cell membranes. Body fat helps to insulate against cold temperatures. Most people get plenty of fat in their diet, so deficiencies in fats are rare. But too much fat in your diet can lead to health problems. Most of the fats in your diet should come from unsaturated fats. Examples of unsaturated fats are fish, nuts, vegetable oils, and avocados.

Why do you need vitamins in your diet.

You need vitamins in you diet because vitamins help with prevention of disease, regulation of body functions, and the prevention of some diseases.

Types of excretion

Your body excretes, or eliminates, different substances from different body systems. The excretory system is made of four body systems. The digestive system, the urinary system, the respiratory system, the integumentary system.

Water

Your body is mostly water. Your body needs water for chemical reactions to occur. Your body takes in water when you eat or drink and loses water when you sweat, urinate, and breathe. When lost water is not replaced, you can become dehydrated.

Why does your body need food?

Your body needs food because food provides your body with the energy and nutrients it needs to survive.

Nutrients

Your body needs water for chemical reactions to occur. Your body takes in water when you eat or drink and loses water when you sweat, urinate, and breath. When lost water is not replaced you can become dehydrated. A healthful diet includes carbohydrates, protiens, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water.

How does your body obtain amino acids that cannot be made in cells

Your body obtains amino acids that cannot be made in cells from the foods you eat.

Organs of the digestive system

Your digestive system has two parts, the digestive tract and the other organs that help the body break down and absorb food. these organs include the tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The digestive tract extends from the mouth to the anus and has different organs connected by tubelike structures.

Where is the first place digestion occurs

the mouth.

Minerals

Calcium-milk spinach, green beans-build strong bones and teeth. Iron-red meat, eggs, green beans-helps carry oxygen throughout the body. Zinc- meat, fish, wheat, and grains-aids in the formation of protein.

Nutrients made of long chains of amino acids are called?

proteins