Digital Information Technology Study Guide Mod 2 DBA
Types of Computer Networks p1 client server
A client/server network is one that has a central, powerful computer (called the server) that acts as a hub for other, less powerful computers or devices (called clients) to connect to. Clients have the ability to access content and run applications on the server but not on another client device. Facebook is an example of a client/server network.
MPG
A common audio file format that uses "lossy" compression to reduce the size of sound or music files so they can be used on devices like MP3 players or played in media programs like Windows Media Player or iTunes.
PS
A graphics programming file type used for desktop publishing and printing programs directly.
Types of computer networks p2 peer-to-peer
A peer-to-peer network is when computers connects to other computers to share information without going through a main server. Each computer runs its own software, stores its own data, and can be accessed by other computers on the network. Sharing pictures via Bluetooth is an example of peer-to-peer networking.
XLS
A type of spreadsheet file created by Microsoft and used in its Excel program.
MPEG
A video file type created by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) that is well-suited for use over the internet. Windows Media Player can view these files.
Communication technology p1 Cloud computing
Access calendars, email, files, presentations and more over the internet. Often referred to as "Software as a Service" (SaaS), cloud computing can be more flexible and less expensive than traditional software as long as speed and connectivity issues are kept under control.
Communication methods p3 Teleconference
Allows a group of individuals to speak over the phone or computer to discuss issues. Example: Skype (call feature), conferencecalling.com, freeconferencecall.com
Memory p1 RAM- Random access memory
Allows computers to read and write to the memory while the computer is powered on. RAM temporarily stores data about programs being used, allowing faster access to content. RAM is erased when the computer shuts down.
Communication methods p1 Cloud server
Allows for file sharing between co-workers and offers a backup for data. example: Google Drive, OneDrive, Sharepoint, Dropbox, Box, iCloud
Communication methods p2 Instant message
Allows for instant communication on the computer or smartphone. Example: Google Chat, Skype, FaceTime
Communication methods p4 Telepresence
Allows individuals to attend meetings virtually with their image onscreen so all members feel like they are in the same room having the meeting. Example: Skype, Google Hangouts, Blackboard
DOC
An editable document format created by Microsoft and used in its Word program.
OGG
An open source audio file type that can be played by compatible software audio players and hardware devices.
Organization p1 File structure
An organized method of naming and storing files
History of operating systems p5 Windows/IOS
Both operating systems
What are 4 General Tips for Troubleshooting?
Check the cable connections. Isolate the problem. Note error messages. Write down the steps taken to correct issue.
Computer brain p1 integrated circuits
Chips made up of transistors and other components that are connected to perform a given function.
computer upkeep p2 How do you dust your computer?
Cleaning a computer means more than dusting off the keyboard and wiping down the monitor. While that will make the computer look better, it won't keep it running at its highest level. For that, you will need to make sure the internal components are dust free to ensure the system does not overheat while running. This should be done regularly using canned air. Do not use a dust rag, as you may damage some of the components if you try wiping them down.
Communication technology p4 social networking
Communicate with others and share information and resources. Organizations and businesses frequently use Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Twitter, just to name a few.
Communication technology p3 Text message/instant message
Compose and send electronic messages online through the internet (instant messaging) or through a cell phone (text messaging).
Let Me Check My Calendar How do you create an event on your calendar?
Create a meeting using the Calendar App in Office.com. To do so, start by creating a "New Event." Set the date, time, duration, and location you want for your new meeting. Don't forget to add a "Title" and "Agenda" to the meeting notice. Add some Attendees to the meeting by entering [inputting] their email address in the "Invite People" box. Once you're done, select "Send invite."
JPG
Created by the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), this "lossy" type compresses image files for use on the internet. Web browsers can view these files.
Peripherals p1 Definition of Peripheral:
Devices that connect to a computer to provide input or output functions
The View Tab What are the three different types of Views? Document View Show Zoom
Document view- Document Views allow you to look at your document in two different ways. "Editing View" is the basic edit mode, which allows you to see your document as if you were reading the printed version. "Reading View" will fit the page to the screen, but it will hide the writing and menu tools. In order to edit the document, you will need to return to "Editing View." Show-Show allows you to see what page you are on, the total number of pages in the document, and the word count Zoom-Zoom allows you to zoom in or out. You can select 100% to return to normal size at any time.
Describe Find and Replace - when would you want to use this in your document?
Follow these directions to find and replace text in your document: You have two options to find and replace text.Highlight the word you want to find and select "Find and Replace" from the Home Tab. The word will appear in the top box.Type the word you want to find in the top box. Type the word you want to use as a replacement in the "Replace with..." box. You can either replace individual instances or replace all instances of the word.Select the individual box in which the word appears and select "Replace."Select "Replace All" to replace all instances.
What is the difference between free and paid virus protection?
Free vs. Paid Free: Scaled-back version providing adequate protection against common invaders Paid: Detects new versions of existing virus code and offers technical support
Computer upkeep p1 Why do you need to take care of your computer?
Giving your computer a proper tune up will keep it running at peak speed
Dress Up Your Word Docs How do you search for an image for your document? How would you format that image? What is alternate text?
Go to the Insert tab on the Ribbon. Select Online Pictures. Type a word or phrase that describes the picture you are looking for in the Search field and select the magnifying glass. Look through the list of results and select the image you would like to insert. Select the Insert button. If you follow these steps, you can successfully search for and insert an online picture. Select your image and use the Format picture tool to add a cool frame around the pictue and adjust the size, so your images enhance your document. It is important to know that some users won't be able to see your text and visuals. They'll hear it! Whether due to technological limitations or visual impairment, many people require a text alternative to visual information. To add a written description of your image, select the image on your document then select the Alt-Text option from the Format tab. Type an image description in the blank field. Select "OK" when finished.
GIF
Graphics Interchange Format uses compression so these files can be viewed on the internet, especially for slow connections. Web browsers can view these files.
Communication technology p5 web conferencing
Have online, synchronous collaboration using all or some of the following features: audio, live or streaming video, polls, screen sharing, slideshows, text chat, web tours, and whiteboard. Some common web conferencing tools are Blackboard, Google Hangout, Microsoft Lync, and Skype.
Describe the following keys on a keyboard: Home keys Shift keys Enter key Tab key Backspace key Caps lock key
Home keys-The home keys are the middle row of letter keys on the keyboard: ASDF and JKL Shift keys- The shift keys allow you to capitalize letters and access the symbols on the number row. To capitalize or use a symbol on the number row, hold down the shift button and the letter you want to capitalize or the symbol you wish to use. Enter key-The enter key is used to drop down to a new line. Use your right-hand pinkie to hit the enter key. Tab key-The tab key automatically moves the cursor five spaces to the right in a document, which is called indenting. Use your left-hand pinkie to hit the tab key. Backspace key-The backspace key moves back one space to delete the letter behind the cursor. Use your right-hand pinkie to hit the backspace key. Caps locks key-When the caps lock is on, it creates all capital letters without having to hold down the shift key. Use your left-hand pinkie to turn the caps lock on and off.
computer brain p4 Moores Law (fun fact)
In 1964, Gordon Moore, co-founder of Intel Corporation, developed Moore's Law, which states, "Over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every two years."
History of operating systems P4 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Systems and LINUX
LINUX, an open source operating system, Microsoft, and Apple released their own operating systems in the mid-1980s that had graphical user interface (GUI—pronounced "gooey"). These operating systems had icons and programs appear in "windows." You could see what you were doing and have the system functions at the click of the mouse button. For the first time, a computer at home that most people could use and understand was a real possibility.
Creating a DocumentOpen Word and follow along with this lesson. Make sure you know how to: Log in: Find Recent Documents: Create New Documents: Use/Open Templates:
Logging in- Your name will appear in the top, right-hand corner when you are logged in to Word Online or any of the Office Online programs. You must be logged in to save your documents to the OneDrive. Finding recent documents- Recent documents will appear on the left-hand side for easy access. Create new documents- Select "New blank document" to create a new document from scratch. Open/use templates- Depending on your purpose, you can select a template that best fits your needs.
computer brain p3 Electrical currents
Messages that communicate Commands to the computer
Memory p2 ROM-Read only memory
Only allow computers to read information that has been previously loaded: typically start-up files and firmware software. Another example of a ROM would be a CD for a video console. The video game is preloaded on the CD; the user can play the game, however, is not able to write to the CD. ROM data is not dependent upon power in order to remain stored.
What are two common Hardware Problems and how would you solve these issues?
Output devices—monitor and speakers No picture on the monitor Check that cables are secure and connected properly. Check surge protector and outlet for power. Make sure the monitor is plugged in and turned on. Unwanted screensavers may make screens go blank periodically; change settings in your control panel. No sound coming from speakers Check volume controls. on speakers in system preferences in media player Check if speakers are plugged in, connected, and turned on. Check the ports to ensure cords are connected to computer. Use headphones to determine if the issue is the speaker or the port.
Insert: The Easy Button Describe each feature of Word: Page Breaks Headers and Footers Hyperlinks Footnotes and Endnotes Tables
Page breaks- When using a Word document, you may need to start a brand new page before you actually get to one. Many people just hit the Enter key over and over and over until the cursor reaches a new page. Good news! There is an easier way. Go to the Insert tab and use the Page Break command to start a new page at your current location. Header and footers-header is text located at the top of a Word document that recurs on each page, and a footer is text that recurs on the bottom of each page. Watch this video to learn how to use the Header & Footer Footer tool, so your text automatically repeats at the top and/or bottom of each page. Hyperlinks-Hyper" comes from the Greek word for a two-year-old toddler who has eaten a king-size bag of Skittles. No wait. That's not right. "Hyper" actually comes from the Greek word "huper," which means "over, beyond." Hyperlinking gives words, phrases, or images the ability to open a new page when selected. Footnotes and endnotes-Directions Highlight the text in your document that you wish to add a footnote to. Select the Insert Footnote command. Type your note or reference in the blank field next to the corresponding footnote number. Tables-Using a table to present complex information is more effective than using text alone . A basic table will suit most of your needs, but you can also use different table styles and color options to support the purpose of your table. Watch this Table Formatting video to see how to use the Design and Layout tabs to adjust the table formatting.
Layout Matters Margins Orientation What is the difference between Portrait and Landscape Orientation? When would you use each? Size
Page layouts- the arrangement of the parts of a page Margins-Depending on your purpose, you may need to adjust the margins of your document. To adjust the margins, do the following: Select Margins. Make a selection:Choose a preset Margin setting.If you need specific margins, select Custom Margins and enter the desired margin dimensions. Select "OK" when finished. Orientation-If you hold your cell phone vertically (as most people do), the message will be displayed taller rather than wider. We call this Portrait Orientation. Portrait is the default setting for Word documents. It is an effective orientation for the following: articles business letters essays memos stories If you wanted to take picture of the beach, you wouldn't narrow in on just one grain of sand. Instead, you would opt for a wide view to capture all the different elements of the scenery. We call this Landscape Orientation. Landscape orientation is best suited for the following: cards charts diagrams invitations signs
The Page Layout Ribbon Page Setup Paragraph
Page setup- Page Setup allows you to adjust the margins, the orientation, and the page size. Paragraph- Paragraph allows you to indent to the left or right and adjust the spacing between paragraphs.
Navigating the Insert Ribbon Describe each feature of Word: Pages Tables Pictures Links Comments Header & Footer Footnotes Symbols
Pages- The Page Break command, in the Pages group, starts a new page at the current location in your document. tables-The Table command, in the Tables group, inserts or draws a table on your document. pictures-The Picture command, in the Pictures group, adds images saved on your computer to your document. The Online Pictures command searches for images online and adds them to your document. links- The Link command, in the Links group, links your text to a website, a picture, a page, an email address, etc. comments- The Comment command, in the Comments group, adds notes to your document. Header and footer notes-The Header & Footer command, in the Header & Footer group, adds headers to the top of your document and footers to the bottom. The Page Numbers command automatically adds page numbers to your document. Footnotes-The Insert Footnotes command, in the Footnotes group, adds footnotes to text or endnotes to the end of your document. Symbols- The Symbol command, in the Symbols group, adds various symbols to your document.
Portable Document Format is a document file type created by Adobe Systems. Originally proprietary software, it is now open standard and can be viewed with Adobe's Acrobat Reader and many current web browsers.
PACE
Productivity, Accessibility, Collaboration, Efficiency -Productivity refers to the quantity or amount produced (output) in relation to the effort it takes to produce (input). Communication technologies allow employees to produce more output in a given period of time. -Accessibility refers to the quality of being available when needed. Since most communication technologies can be accessed through any device with wireless capabilities, productivity in the workplace is increased. -Collaboration refers to working with a group of people to create something. Today, video conferencing tools like Skype allow people to come together virtually in real time while cloud computing services allow users to share and edit files. -Efficiency refers to achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted time, energy, or effort. Communication tools have improved the workplace by automating various tasks and providing instant access to people and documents.
What are 5 common problems? How do you resolve these issues?
Program runs slow or isn't responding- Try closing and reopening the program. Reboot the computer. Check for known issues on the web or updates to the software. Use Task Manager (Ctrl+Alt+DEL) if program is non-responsive to "end task." Problems starting or shutting down a computer- Check the power cord. Verify power outlet is working. Reset surge protector. Plug in laptop if the battery is low. Non-system disk or disk error Do not attempt to use the CD, flash drive, DVD, or floppy disk—it is interfering with the boot process. Remove the devices. Restart computer. Re-insert the device to access your files. Computer does not shut down- Press and hold the power button until power automatically turns off. Restart computer. Computer randomly reboots or crashes- Check vents for proper air flow; prevent overheating. Scan for viruses using anti-virus software.
Protection p1 Anti-virus
Protects against computer viruses that damage the computer or interfere with normal operations
Protection p2 Anti-spyware
Protects against software that collects personal data from your computer without your knowledge
Protection p3 Firewall
Protects from threats that access your computer over the internet
What are five things to do to Research a problem?
Search the web for information on more difficult problems. Check for updates or FAQ's from vendor websites. Talk to friends and family. Consult a professional. Check online message boards. Use Remote-Assistance from trusted sources (allows a professional to temporarily take control of your computer).
Communication technology p2 Email
Send messages electronically to one or more recipients.
AVI
Short for Audio/Video Interlaced, this is a file format used for video. Use a program like Windows Media Player for this file.
Email Essentials Describe or Define the following: Signature Line Adding Contacts Creating Groups Composing and Sending New Messages To Cc/Bcc
Signature line- you can create an automated signature line, so your signature automatically appears at the end of your email. Adding contacts- In Outlook.com, the People app is the place to add all your contacts, so you can access them later with a click, swipe, or tap. Directions 1-Select the app switcher. 2-Select the People app. From the dropdown arrow next to "New," select New contact. 3-Fill in all the blank fields with the contact information (First name, Last name, Company, Email, and Phone). You may add extra email addresses and phone numbers, a physical address, and other information (like birthday, anniversary, etc.) by selecting the plus button and filling in the blank fields. 4-When you have filled in all the contact's information, select the Save button. Creating groups-Directions Select the app switcher. Select the People app. From the dropdown arrow next to "New," select New group. Create a name for the group and type it in the Group name field. Type the contact's email address into the Add member field. Select Save when you have added all the members to the new group. Composing and sending new messages- Directions 1-Select New. 2-Add a recipient by doing one of the following: To send to an individual or group IN your contact list, select "To" and then choose a recipient(s) from the list. To send to an individual NOT IN your contact list, manually type in the recipient's email address in the blank field. Optional: If you need to send a copy of the email to additional recipients, add their email addresses in the Cc field. If you want to send a copy of the email to additional recipients but do not want the original recipient to know, use the Bcc field. 3-Add the subject of your email in the "Add a subject" field. Note: Be concise. For example, write "Rent Audition" instead of "I am interested in auditioning for Rent." 4-Compose (write) your message in the blank space below the text formatting toolbar.Optional: You can add a priority designation by using the dropdown arrow next to Options and selecting the priority level. Note about priority levels: The default priority is Normal. If a message is time sensitive or of high importance to you or the sender, it is appropriate to use High priority. 5-Select Send.
The Ins and Outs of the Inbox What is Spam? How can you manage it?
Spam-unsolicited and undesired email messages you can reduce the spam that appears in your inbox and send it directly to the "Junk Mail" folder. You also have the ability to manage who is allowed to send you email messages.
Memory
Stored information for the computer to perform its intended function
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The main chip in a computer and another name for microprocessor, it keeps everything running
Organization p2 Desktop
The main display screen on a computer
Computer Architecture
The selection and interconnection of hardware components to create computers that meet functional, performance, and cost goals.
History of operating systems p1 Command-line-based
This was essentially a black screen with a green or white blinking cursor waiting for you to type a command. These operating systems were great for experts but not for the everyday user. These operating systems didn't have very many programs that let you do things like write documents or work with photos.
What fingers are used for the different keys of a keyboard?
Thumbs- space bar Pinkies- end sections of the keyboard Other fingers laid out in the middle
Creating a List Practice creating a bulleted and numbered (or ordered) list. When would you use these elements in a document?
To create a numbered list, select the "Numbering" button and begin typing out your list. After each line, hit "Enter" and the formatting will automatically number for you. To modify the font style, highlight all of the text and select your formatting
computer brain p2 Transistors
Transistors carry the electrical current within the computer
The Ribbon Define the following features of Word Online Undo Clipboard Font Paragraph Styles
Undo- Undo allows you to undo or reverse your most recent action. If you change your mind, simply select "redo" and what you undid will reappear. Clipboard- Clipboard allows you to copy, cut, and paste text on the document. The format painter allows you to copy the formatting of text and apply it to text in other locations. Font- Font allows you to change the way font is displayed onscreen. You can change the style, size, and color of a text. You can also bold, italicize, underline, strikethrough, subscript, superscript, and highlight text. Paragraph- Paragraph allows you to create bulleted and numbered lists; increase or decrease the indent of an entire paragraph; align text to the left, right, or center; and modify line spacing. Styles- Styles provide you with a variety of preformatted styles you can apply to your text.
Organization p3 Why should you create folders when saving files?
When you create folders, give them a title that makes sense and name files according to the content that is in them. This will make it easier for you to find the document when you are looking for it. Creating folders will make things more organized overall
Computer upkeep p3 Disk Cleanup
Windows software that analyzes and removes unneeded files.
Computer upkeep p4 Drive Optimizer
Windows software that organizes files to free up space on the hard drive.
So Many Programs, So Little Time List some word processing programs and the advantages/disadvantages of each.
Word 2013- Paid, Not cloud based, Improved viewing modes for a variety of purposes (for reading, revising, and quick resume)Desktop publishing capabilities Word Online - Free, Yes cloud based, Cross-platform compatibility. Not a full-fledged version of paid version Word Perfect- Paid Not cloudbased eBook features,Able to see code behind text format and easily manipulate Google Docs- Free, Yes cloud based, Works on multiple operating systems. Ability to publish document as a web page, and download or email as an attachment in Word, ODT, PDF, plain text, or RTF formats
Using the Ribbon What is the Ribbon? What are Tabs? What are Groups? What are Commands? How do you Collapse/Hide/Restore items?
Word Online, Excel Online, OneNote, and PowerPoint all have what is called a "Ribbon." This is basically the bar across the top of a program that allows users to quickly find the commands (like increasing font size, changing the color of text, double-spacing paragraphs, etc.) needed to complete a task. The Ribbon varies slightly depending on which program you use. This section at the top of the document is called the Ribbon, which is comprised of three parts. Tabs represent an activity area. Groups show related items together under a tab. Commands are buttons or boxes where you enter the desired action.
Describe the following Microsoft Online Programs o Word o Excel o PowerPoint o OneNote o Mail o People o Calendar o One Drive
Word-Think of Word Online as the ultimate notepad. Writers, doodlers, list makers, note-takers, and idea generators can use the word processing program to create the following: charts letters flyers invitations labels lists menus newsletters postcards reports stationery tables Unlike plain written words on a piece of paper, text in Word Online can come alive. It can be hyperlinked to make it interactive. Photos, videos, and diagrams can be added to make the document visually appealing. Exel- When it comes to managing data, spreadsheets are one of the most effective tools. Excel Online allows users to organize numeric or text data, analyze the data, and illustrate the data in the most effective visual format (like a chart, graph, sparkline, table, etc.). Powerpoint- PowerPoint Online is a multimedia presentation tool that takes a report from being a mountain bike—a sturdy and effective means of transportation—to a Mercedes Benz—a stylish and special ride. This tool has the following features to make ordinary numeric and text presentations extraordinary: animation images preloaded templates and themes slide transitions special visual effects videos OneNote- There's nothing wrong with a good old-fashioned notebook—until you forget it at home or leave it in the back of your brother's car. OneNote is a tool that can be accessed from any wireless device and an internet connection. You can use OneNote to do the following (and more): take notes capture ideas in the form of pictures and web pages make to-do lists brainstorm with a partner or group Mail- Outlook.com is no ordinary email account. It does the obvious, like send and receive email messages, but it also allows users to manage their appointments, calendars, contacts, and tasks. Mail can be saved on a remote computer using IMAP settings (you can access your email from any computer with IMAP) or on your personal computer using POP settings (POP downloads messages onto your computer which can be read offline). Outlook.com offers these efficiency features: appointment and meeting alerts automatic replies to notify senders you are unavailable to respond to emails categories for organizing messages and tasks contact list to store addresses and phone numbers groups to organize and sort contacts search bar to find specific emails, attachments, senders, etc. People-he People tool allows you to store and manage contacts. You can save email addresses, phone numbers, social networking links, and even notes. You can also create contact lists to classify and organize the people in your contacts, making emailing easier and more efficient. Calander- The problem with a calendar hanging on the fridge is that it doesn't automatically remind you when you have a dentist appointment, or a test in geometry, or a meeting in 15 minutes. With Outlook.com, when you create a new appointment on your calendar, you can do these cool things: set automatic reminders categorize meetings attach documents share your calendar with others OneDrive-Once you're signed in to Office Online, the documents, notebooks, presentations, and spreadsheets you create are stored on the OneDrive—your office in the sky—which allows you to open, edit, and share your work online.
malicious files p1 Viruses
a program that is intended to interfere with computer, tablet, or smartphone operations and can be spread from one device to another
Input/output devices
input- a peripheral that provides information to the computer. output-A peripheral that delivers information to the user.
malicious files p3 Worms
malware that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers, tablets, or smartphones
malicious files p2 Trojan Horse
program designed to breach the security of a computer, tablet, smartphone, or network
Peripherals p3 Output (definition/examples)
provides output to the user from the computer/ example: monitor, printer, speaker
malicious files p6 Malware
software intended to damage or take partial control of a computer, tablet, or smartphone
malicious files p4 Spyware
software that allows others to steal your information
malicious files p5 Adware
software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material
Peripherals p4 Storage (definition/examples)
stores data processed by the computer (external hard drives, flash drives, etc.)/ example: Cd, flashdrive, hard drive (internal and external)
What is Ergonomics?
the design and arrangement of things so they can be used easily and safely
Organization p4 What are the 4 naming convention tips:
use names that fit the content make them alphanumeric (no symbols) be consistent with capital letters no spaces in the name (use _ in place of a space)
Peripherals p2 Input (definition/examples)
used to interact with, or send data to, the computer/ example: mouse, keyboard, webcam
Processing Your Words What are some standard features of a word processing program?
word processing programs come with standard features. Here are the most common: modify text, line, and paragraph formatting add page numbers create tables, charts, and graphs insert graphics create bulleted and numbered lists adjust page size, margins, and orientation apply built-in templates spell check documents