D.I.S.S.

Herbert Simon

believes that individuals use standard operating procedures as a heuristic device and as a shorthand guide to rational action. For him, an action is procedurally rational if its is based on beliefs that are reasonable given the context the actor is in (Ward 2002 and 1995)

Elster 1989 (in Ward 2002, 65)

according to him, "the essence of rational choice theory is that "when faced with several courses of action, people usually do what they believe is likely to have the best overall outcome"

Behavioral Movement

adopt the view of positivism about the nature of empirical theory and explanation.

Insider's criticism

focus on the method and the central concepts of symbolic interactionalism, particularly the ambiguity of major concepts used particularly the concept of the "self"

Outsider' criticism

highlights the structural bias in symbolic interactionalism.

Rational Choice Theory

powerful tool in making sense why people act or behave in the way they do. Nonetheless, it is not a comprehensive theory that can fully account for one's behavior or action.

Symbolic Interactionalism

sociological framework that focuses on the different meanings individuals attach to objects, people, and interactions as well as the corresponding behaviors that reflect those meanings and/or interpretations.

George Herbert Mead

was an influential figure of the field of symbolic interactionalism. Gestures, according to him, are important in communication. when we interact with others, our posture, tone of voice, voice inflections, as well as hand and facial movements convey significance.