DIT Ch 10 FINAL
sleeve gastrectomy
A ________ procedure reduces the stomach's size but doesn't bypass part of the small intestine. Therefore, nutrient absorption isn't reduced.
adjustable gastric banding
A bariatric surgical procedure that's relatively easy to reverse is called _______
3500
A pound of body fat provides about _____ kcal. 3500 2500 1500 4500
ghrelin
A scientist wants to develop a medication that safely increases the appetite of underweight people to help them gain weight. Based on this information, this researcher will explore ways to stimulate the production, release, or action of - leptin - insulin - glucagon - ghrelin
a, b, c
A small percentage of adult Americans are underweight. Check all of the healthy strategies an underweight individual can use to gain weight and muscle mass safely. (Check all that apply.) A: Increase consumption of calorie-dense foods that are sources of healthy fats B: Replace soft drinks with 100% juices or smoothies made with peanut butter and low-fat ice cream C: Follow a regularly scheduled snack and meal schedule D: Increase consumption foods that are high in saturated fats
150 minutes
According to experts with the American College of Sports Medicine, healthy American adults under 65 years of age should aim for what level of moderate-intensity exercise per week? - 120 minutes - 180 minutes - 75 minutes - 150 minutes
sores on knuckles
After bingeing on cakes and cookies, Bonnie practices self-induced vomiting to avoid gaining weight. Based on this information, you'd expect to notice _____ as a sign of her purging behavior. - swelling of lips - cuts on forehead - sores on knuckles - bruises on cheeks
height
Although the Body Mass Index (BMI) is used determining appropriateness of a person's weight, it's not perfect. Which of the following personal characteristics does the BMI formula include? - height - state of health - amount of muscle tissue - age
breathing
Basal metabolism includes energy needs for - fidgeting while studying - performing physical activity - breathing - digesting food
Caffeine
Cody uses an ergogenic aid, but taking high doses of the substance increases his heart rate and makes him feel shaky. Based on this information, Cody is using - caffeine - branched chain amino acids - sodium bicarbonate - chromium
bone mineral irregularities
Conditions associated with the female athlete triad include... - bone mineral irregularities - tooth decay - metabolic syndrome - tears and bleeding of the esophagus
15%
Craig is a 22-year-old man who has a healthy percentage of body fat. Based on this information, about _____ of his body is fat. 15% 35% 25% 45%
Roux-en-Y
During the _______ procedure, the surgeon uses staples to reduce the obese patient's stomach capacity, then cuts the small intestine and attaches the lower end of it to the newly formed stomach pouch.
b c d e f
Engaging in regular physical activity is an important component of overall good health. Regular exercise can reduce the risk of _____. (Check all that apply.) A: cystic fibrosis B: type 2 diabetes C: certain types of cancer D: cardio disease E: osteoporosis F: psychological depression
4, 2, 3, 1
Fat is the primary fuel muscles use while resting or engaged in low- to moderate-intensity physical activities. Put the activities in order from greatest percentage of energy utilized by fat (1) to least percentage of energy utilized by fat (4). 1. 50-yard dash (sprint) 2. 2 hours, 12 mile run 3. playing pro basketball game 4. bench press weight lifting
sleeve gastrectomy
George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it. - frontal lobotomy - visceral lipectomy - anterior thyroidectomy - sleeve gastrectomy
35
In 2011-2012, almost _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese. 35 45 15 25
d
In the United States, _____ are more likely to be obese than other adults. a: young hispanic men b: white post-menopausal women c: middle age men with asian ancestry d: non-hispanic black women
basal metabolism
Jared is a healthy 23-year-old who exercises but isn't an athlete. Based on this information, most of his body's total energy use is for.. -basal metabolism -TEF -NEAT -physical activity
d
Lawrence doesn't know that long-term energy imbalance will lead to a change in his body weight. He can expect to gain weight when his... A: energy expenditure exceeds his caloric intake. B: energy needs for physical activity exceed his energy needs for basal metabolism and TEF. C: caloric intake equals his energy expenditure. D: caloric intake exceeds his energy expenditure.
a b
Lawrence spoke with a friend about his efforts to lose weight safely and permanently. The friend said that she had recently followed a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet for 4 weeks and lost 10 pounds. Why does a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet often promote rapid initial weight loss? (Check all that apply.) A: The body produces less glycogen when carbohydrate intake is low and uses much of its stored glycogen to supply glucose for energy. B: Tissues maintain about 3 grams of water with each gram of glycogen, so a reduction in body glycogen content results in the need for less water to store with it. C: The salt content of carbohydrate-containing foods tends to be higher than that of protein-containing foods; the reduction in salt intake results in less water retention. D: The energy that the body needs to digest low-carbohydrate foods is more than that needed to digest high-carbohydrate foods. E: Low-carbohydrate diets increase the metabolic rate, so more body water is lost through perspiration.
2160
Lawrence weighs 198 pounds and has an average basal metabolic rate of 1.0 kilocalorie per kilogram per hour. Calculate his daily energy needs for basal metabolism.
anorexia nervosa
Lilly's BMI is 14.8. She thinks she's fat, so she exercises intensely for at least 3 hours each day to keep from gaining weight. She's a "picky eater" who often chews a mouthful of food for several minutes before spitting it out. She wears layers of clothing, even in warm weather, because she feels cold, Based on this information, Lilly probably has - disordered eating - anorexia nervosa - binge-eating disorder - bulimia nervosa
gastric banding
Lily is a 5′4′′, 40-year-old woman who weighs almost 200 pounds. To lose weight, she's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. She would like a surgical weight loss method that can be easily reversed and does not involve stapling her stomach or cutting her small intestine. Based on this information, her physician is likely to recommend ______ as the best way to help her lose some of her excess weight. - total gastrectomy - sleeve gastrectomy - gastric banding - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
obese
Macey's BMI is 30.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range. overweight underweight healthy obese
push ups
Michelle's weekly exercise program includes stair stepping, static stretching, cycling, and push-ups. Which of these activities is generally classified as a strength (resistance) exercise? -push ups -stair stepping -static stretching -cycling
sleep apnea
Obese people are more likely to develop _____ than people who aren't obese. - iron-deficiency anemia - sleep apnea - cretinism - elevated HDL
type 2 diabetes
People with central-body obesity are more likely to develop _____ than people who don't have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies. - iron-deficiency anemia - elevated HDL - type 2 diabetes - beriberi
glycogen loading
Sam is an endurance athlete. A few days before he participates in a marathon race, he undergoes _____ to delay the onset of muscle fatigue during the event. -glycogen loading -amino acid supplementation -vitamin c megadosing -fluid replacement therapy
uterus, breast, colon, liver
Several chronic health problems are associated with excessive body fat. Obese people have increased risks of cancer of the ______. (Check all that apply.) - uterus - breast - colon - thyroid - throat - liver
overweight
Tyrone's BMI is 27.2. Based on this information, his weight is in the _____ range. overweight healthy extremely obese underweight
lactic acid
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to - carbon monoxide - vitamin d - lactic acid - alanine
less
Weight loss after gastric banding tends to be _____ than with the more invasive surgical procedures.
abnormal menstrual cycles
Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has -metabolic syndrome - abnormal menstrual cycles - type 1 diabetes - high bone density
increase in size
When you consume more calories than your body needs, the energy is converted into fat and stored in adipose cells. As a result, you become fatter because your adipose cells ______.
garbanzo beans
Which of the following foods is a source of carbohydrate? - olive oil - garbanzo beans - roast beef - chicken
d
Which of the following is true? A: Ghrelin is an enzyme that breaks down fat in the stomach. B: A positive energy state results in weight loss. C: Satiety is the feeling that drives a person to consume food. D: Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.
glucose
Which of the following substances can be metabolized for ATP production? - iron -insulin - vitamin c - glucose
ephedra
Which of the following substances doesn't have FDA approval for use as a prescribed weight loss medication? - orlistat - contrave - ephedra - belviq
thyroid hormone
Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate? - thyroid hormone - ghrelin - leptin - salivary amylase
creatine
Which of the following substances may improve the performance of sprinters and weightlifters but not the performance endurance athletes? - chromium - vitamin e - creatine - calcium pyruvate
a, b, c, d
While researching healthy ways to lose weight and maintain the loss over time, Anna found the website for the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) , a group of over 10,000 adult Americans who have lost an average of 66 pounds and maintained the weight loss for at least 5.5 years. According to the website, most NWCR participants tend to ____. (Check all that apply.) A: exercise about an hour daily B: eat a low cal, low fat diet C: water less than 10 hours of tv/week D: weight themselves at least once a month E: use dietary supplements, including raspberry ketone and hoodia
visceral fat
Your body has _____ under your abdominal muscles that acts as a protection apron for your abdominal organs.
fat free mass, total body fat, fat tissue
Your body is made up of lean tissues (______), and ______, which is comprised of essential fat and _______.
visceral
_____ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs. - cellulite - visceral - subcutaneous - bariatric
ATP
_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells. - protien - glucose - fat - ATP
triglycerides
adipose cells store _____
c
anthony is training for a half-marathon. on long-run days, what should he consume during his run and why? A: Peanut butter because it provides fat, which helps prevent weight loss. B: Beef jerky because it provides protein and sodium, which help maintain muscle mass and fluid balance. C: A sports drinks because it provides carbohydrate, electrolytes, and water, which help prevent fatigue and dehydration. D: Two light beers because they provide fluid and alcohol, which help prevent dehydration and maintain high mood.
thermic effect of food
charlene's body used 100 kcal to digest, absorb and process the kcal from her day's food intake is an example of
physical activity
davids burns 250 kcal racking leaves in the yard is an example of
basal metabolism physical activity thermic effect of food
energy expenditure in order of greatest contribution to least contribution for the average person? thermic effect of food basal metabolism physical activity
subcutaneous fat
fat thats under the skin is called ____
basal metabolism
jillian needs a minimum of 1400 cals to keep her resting, awake body alive in a warm, quiet environment for 12 hours or more is an example of
3, 4, 1, 2
lowest caffeine to highest caffeine content 1. can of red bull 2. cup of coffee 3. cup of tea 4. bottle of mountain dew
5, 4, 2, 3, 1
place steps of glucose utilization in the lactic acid energy system in order as they occur in cells: 1. liver releases glucose into bloodstream or uses it to make glycogen 2. lactic acid accumulates in muscles and converts to lactate, which enters the blood stream 3. liver can convert lactate to glucose 4. pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, which produces a small amount of ATP 5. when oxygen is not present, muscle cells metabolize glucose to pyruvate
being female
risk factors for eating disorders include: - having a job in the fast food industry - experiencing physical abuse as an adult - living in a major US city - being female
b
the weight loss medication orlistat (alli) A: increases the metabolic rate by stimulating the release of certain hormones. B: reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the digestive tract. C: increases the amount of energy the body expends by NEAT. D: reduces the rate at which glucose enters cells.
non exercise activity thermogenesis
when linda is restless, she often taps her toes, which can burn about 200 kcal per day
c
which is true? A: A person suffering from heat exhaustion typically has a body temperature of 105º F or higher. B: Rapid heart rate is a sign of heat cramps. C: Red, hot, and dry skin are signs of heatstroke. D: Coma can develop rapidly in cases of heat exhaustion.
d
which is true? A: Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. B: Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles. C: Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. D: During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.
A
which is true? A: Weight lifting and other strength exercises can increase your bone mass. B: In general, television watching is classified as a moderate-intensity physical activity. C: Performing household chores on a regular basis can reduce your risk of type 1 diabetes. D: A well-planned exercise program includes 30 minutes of strength training at least 5 days/week.
d
which statement is true? A: The average woman has a higher metabolic rate than the average man. B: Fat tissue is more metabolically active than muscle tissue. C: As the typical person ages, his or her metabolic rate increases slightly. D: A person can reduce his or her metabolic rate by eating a very-low-calorie diet.