DNA and Protein Synthesis
How many genes make up the human genome?
20,000-25,000 genes
A single strand of DNA helix consists of 100 nitrogenous base pairs. On one strand, 36 of the bases are adenine and 24 are cytosine. For the complimentary strand of DNA, which would complete the proper base pairing?
36 thymine
According to Chargaff's rule, base pairing in DNA should resemble which of the following?
A = T; C = G
In which structure is all the genetic information of an organism found?
DNA
Which best matches the description with the genetic material?
DNA is located in the nucleus.
What is the role of enzymes in the DNA replication process?
Enzymes split the DNA molecule into two rails and then transport corresponding nitrogen bases to each rail.
Who first identified DNA?
Friedrich Miescher
Which best describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes?
Genes are segments of DNA which form tight coils called chromosomes.
What was Friedrich Miescher's contribution to the discovery of the genetic code?
He extracted and observed DNA from white blood cells.
When one DNA molecule is replicated, the result is two DNA molecules. What is true of the second DNA molecule?
It is identical or nearly identical to the first DNA molecule.
Who is credited with creating the first accurate model of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
A description of the outcome of DNA replication?
The new DNA molecule consists of one new strand and one old strand of DNA.
If the same base pairs are used to code for all organisms, why is there so much variation among organisms?
The order of the codons differs between organisms.
What three components make up a nucleotide?
a phosphate, a deoxyribose, and a nitrogen base
Which pair of nitrogen bases will form a bond in a DNA molecule?
adenine and thymine
Which bases are found in a strand of DNA?
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Which nitrogen bases are needed to complete the DNA strand below? Give your answer in order, from top to bottom. T A C G
adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
Rosalind Franklin is famous for which contribution to the study of DNA?
creation of an X-ray diffraction image of DNA structure
What was Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei's contribution to our current understanding of the genetic code?
discovering codons
DNA replication allows the basic units of heredity found on segments of DNA, called ______________ to be passed on from parent to offspring.
genes
Which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits?
genes
As DNA is replicated, which DNA base pair will bond to cytosine?
guanine
Which of the following correctly organizes these genetic terms in order from smallest to largest?
nucleotide, gene, DNA, chromosome
What is a codon?
the sequence of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid
A strand of DNA contains the bases adenine, cytosine, cytosine, and guanine, in that order. Which would be the order of the bases on the complementary strand of DNA?
thymine, guanine, guanine, and cytosine
