DNA Replication Quiz Questions
An alien DNA-like molecule is isolated from the frozen remains of a life from found beneath the Martain polar ice caps. In this sample, for every base designated Q, there is twice that amount of base R; for every base Z, there is twice that amount of base S. If the molecule contains 33.33 percent R, what percentage of Z would you expect?
16.67 percent
In a growing DNA strand, each monomer is added to which carbon of the deoxyribose?
5'
A strand of DNA which the sequence 5'-ATTCCG-3' would have a complementary strand with the sequence
5'-CGGAAT-3'
IMAGE. Which diagram depicts the usual process of DNA replication?
A
IMAGE. Which example shows inversion?
A
What accounts for the uniform diameter of the DNA molecule?
A purine always bonds with a pyrimidine
The rules formulated by Erwin Chargaff state that
A=T and G-C in any molecule of DNA
Experiments carried out by which of the following scientists determined the structure of DNA molecules?
All of the above
Which of the following statements about the molecular architecture of DNA is true?
All of the above
Why is RNA incorporated unto the DNA molecule during DNA replication?
All of the above
Double-stranded DNA looks like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix, or spiral. The side supports of the ladder are
Alternating sugars and phosphates
Which of the following statements concerning somatic mutations or germ line mutations is true?
An example of a germ line mutation is hemophilia
IMAGE. Which diagram shows conservative replication?
B
IMAGE. Which example shows deletion?
B
IMAGE. Which label corresponds to a phosphate group?
B
IMAGE. Which label corresponds to a ribose sugar?
B
IMAGE. Which letter refers to an Okazaki fragment?
B
IMAGE. Which mutation resulted in a functional enzyme?
B
IMAGE. Which example shows duplication?
C
IMAGE. Which letter represents the leading strand?
C
Which of the following molecules functions to transfer information from one generation to the next in eukaryotes?
DNA
A single hair is found at the scene of a crime. Which technology would you use first to determine if the hair could have come from a certain suspect?
DNA polymerase
The first repair of mistakes during DNA replication is made by
DNA polymerase
The molecules that function to replicate DNA in the cell are
DNA polymerases
Fragments like those now called Okazaki fragments might have been hypothesized even before they were discovered by Reiji Okazaki because
DNA replicates in the 3'-to-5' direction
Which feature of the Watson and Crick model of DNA structure explains its ability to function in replication and gene expression?
Each strand contains all the information present in the double helix
Which of the following molecular models describes the structure of the DNA molecule?
Helical, double-stranded and antiparallel
Which of the following is not found in DNA
Sulfur
IMAGE. Which of the following bases would pair (from top the bottom) with the exposed 3'-end strand?
TCGA
The strands that make up DNA are antiparallel. This means that
The 5'-3' direction of one stand is counter to the 5'-to-3' direction of the other stand
In eukaryotic cells, each chromosome has
many origins of replication
Although DNA is made up of only four different bases, it can encode the information necessary to specify the workings of an entire organism. It can do this because DNA
molecules are extremely long
Which of the following statements about infection of E. coli cells by bacteriophage T2 is true?
only nuclei acids enter the cell
Double-stranded DNA looks like a ladder that has been twisted into a helix or spiral. The rungs of the ladder are
pairs of bases
The type of mutation that consists of the insertion or a deletion of a single base in the coding region of proteins is called a(n)
point mutation
In the 1920s, a dye was developed that binds to DNA and stains nuclei in direct proportion to the amount of DNA Present in the cells. The resulting experiments
provided circumstantial evidence that DNA is the genetic material
The TP53 gene normally encodes a protein that inhibits cell division. A gain-of-funtion point mutation in this gene would
result in a gain of an oncogenic (cancer-causing) function
The structure of DNA is characterized by a
right-handed double helix and antiparallel strands
At the end of DNA replication, two DNA molecules are produced, each one consisting of a parental DNA strand and a new DNA strand. This process is known as
semiconservative replication
___ is caused by a single base substitution that changes one amino acid in a polypeptide. Individuals who are homozygous for this disease have defective and misshapen red blood cells
sickle-cell anemia
In sickle-cell disease, one amino acid is substituted for another. This type of mutation is referred to as a ___ mutation
silent
Single base changes in the coding regions of proteins can cause ___ mutations
silent
Silent mutations have no effect on amino acid sequences. This is due to the fact that
silent mutations are usually found in noncoding regions of DNA
Chargaff's rule states that
the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine
The energy necessary for making a DNA molecule comes directly from
the release of phosphates
Individual cells do not survive for the entire lifetime of an organism because
the removal of the RNA primer following DNA replication leads to a shortening of the chromosome and eventual cell death
During DNA replication
two replication forks diverge from each origin but one always lags behind the other
Damage to DNA can be cause by ___ absorbed by thymine in DNA, causing interbase covalent bonds
ultraviolet radiation
Benzopyrene, a component of cigarette smoke, can induce DNA mutations by
breaking the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA
Pyrophosphate is a
by-product of DNA synthesis
In DNA replication, each newly made strand is
complementary in sequence to the strand from which it was copied
DNA polymerase lengthens a polynucleotide strand by
covalently linking new nucleotides to a previously existing strand
Mutational "hot spots" often occur when a methyl group had been added to
cytosine
A deoxyribosenucleotide is a
deoxyribose plus a nitrogenous base
A deoxyribonucleoside is a
deoxyribose plus a nitrogenous base and a phosphate
In different organisms, the rates of DNA mutation are
dependent on the health of the individual organism
Semiconservative replication of DNA involves
each of the original strands acting as a template for a new strand
Ideally, PCR ___ increases the amount of DNA during additional cycles
exponentially
The enzyme DNA ligase is required continuously during DNA replication because
fragments of the lagging strand must be joined together
The enzyme that restores the phosphodiester linkage between adjacent fragments in the lagging strand during DNA replication
helicase
People with sickle-cell disease have a(n) ___ abnormality
hemoglobin
DNA is together in a double helix by the force of
hydrogen bonds
The nitrogenous bases are held together by
hydrogen bonds
During replication, the new DNA strand is synthesized
in the 5'-to-3' direction
The primer used for DNA replication
is a short strand of RNA added to the 3' end
The characteristic of DNA that allows it to make an exact copy of itself is
its complementary base pairing
The error rate of changing an incorrect base with another incorrect base during proofreading is one in ___ bases
1,000,000
The fidelity of DNA replication is astounding. During DNA synthesis, the frequency of errors is ___ per cell cycle
100,000
In eukaryotes, Okazaki fragments are about ___ base pairs long.
100-200
The DNA isolated from a newly discovered virus is found to be 32 percent A, 18 percent C, 18 percent G, and 32 percent T. The base composition of the complementary DNA would be ___ percent A, ___ percent C, ___ percent G and ___ percent T.
19; 32; 17; 32
What is the correct order for the following events in excision repair of DNA?
2. Damaged bases are recognized 4. Part of a single strand is excised 1. DNA polymerase I adds correct bases by 5' to 3' replication 3. DNA ligase seals the new strand to existing DNA
If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 30 percent T, it must contain ___ percent G
20
The role of DNA ligase in DNA replication is to
bond Okazaki fragments to one another
IMAGE. Which label corresponds to a 3'-end?
D
IMAGE. Which letter best indicated the lagging strand?
D
Which of the following statements about duplication and translocation is true?
Duplications involve the breaking and swapping of DNA segments on homologous chromosomes, whereas translocations are reciprocal exchanges on non-homologous chromosomes
Which of the following statements about the DNA replication primer is false?
IT remains on the DNA after replication
Mutations are
None of the above
Which of the following statements about DNA replication in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes is true?
Okazaki fragments are produced in eukaryotes DNA replication but not in prokaryotic DNA replication
Which of the following does not occur during DNA replication?
Polymerization in the 3'-to-5' direction
Which statement about base pairing is false?
Purines pair with purines and pyrimidines pair with pyrimidines
Early transformation experience demonstrated that adding DNA from bacterium strain A to bacterium strain B could produce
bacterium strain B
Nitrites, a human-made preservation for meats and aflatoxin, a natural product produced by the mold Aspergullus, are similar in that
They are converted by the endoplasmic reticulum into a mutagenic substance
The structure of DNA explains which three major properties of genes?
They contain information, replicate exactly, and can change to produce a mutation
Who first suggested a mode of replication of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Information sources used by Watson and Crick to determine the structure of DNA included
X-ray crystallography of double-stranded DNA
Which of the following will not cause a spontaneous mutation?
a change in the base structure by free radicals, making it unrecognizable by DNA polymerase
In PCR, ___ creates single-stranded DNA template molecules
a primer
Purines include
adenine and guanine
The antiparallel relationship of the two strands of DNA refers to the
alignment of the strands, such that one strand starts with 3' carbon and the other starts with a 5' carbon
The breaking and rejoining of chromosomes can lead to
all of the above
The polymerase chain reaction
amplifies specific DNA sequences
