Dorothy's
As a nursing instructor, you realize the importance of your students understanding the role of the immune system and its role to protect and defend the body from potential harm. What type of cells are the primary participants in immune response? Choose all correct options. a) T-cell lymphocytes b) Leukocytes c) Monocytes d) B-cell lymphocytes
Answer: A.T-cell lymphocytes D. B-cell lymphocytes Explanation: B-cell and T-cell lymphocytes are the primary participants in the immune response. Pellico, L. H. Focus on Adult Health Medical-Surgical Nursing, 1st ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, Chapter 36: Nursing Assessment: Immune Function, p. 987.
A school nurse is talking about infection with a high school health class. What would be the nurse's best explanation of the process of phagocytosis? a) Removal of bacteria and dead blood cells from circulation b) Engulfment and digestion of bacteria and foreign material c) Release of chemicals to destroy bacteria and foreign material d) Conversion of memory cells to plasma cells
Answer: B. Engulfment and digestion of bacteria and foreign material Explanation:Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and digesting bacteria and foreign materials. It does not involve the release of chemicals or conversion of memory cells to plasma cells. The macrophages in the spleen remove bacteria and dead blood cells from circulation. Reference: Pellico, L. H. Focus on Adult Health Medical-Surgical Nursing, 1st ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, Chapter 36: Nursing Assessment: Immune Function, p. 990.
A child is brought to the clinic with a rash. The child is diagnosed with measles. The mother tells the nurse that she had the measles when she was a little girl. What immunity to measles develops after the initial infection? a) Naturally acquired active immunity b) Artificially acquired passive immunity c) Naturally acquired passive immunity d) Artificially acquired active immunity
Answer: Naturally acquired active immunity Reasoning: Immunity to measles that develops after the initial infection is an example of naturally acquired active immunity. Artificially acquired active immunity results from the administration of a killed or weakened microorganism or toxoid (attenuated toxin), while passive immunity develops when ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible client. Reference:Pellico, L. H. Focus on Adult Health Medical-Surgical Nursing, 1st ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, Chapter 36: Nursing Assessment: Immune Function, p. 987.
A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis. Client education about the disease process includes which of the following explanations about the cause of the disorder? a) The immune system recognizes one's own tissues as "foreign." b) Regulatory mechanisms fail to halt the immune response. c) The immune system recognizes one's own tissues as "self." d) Excess cytokines cause tissue damage.
Answer: The immune system recognizes one's own tissues as "foreign." Reasoning: The immune system's recognition of one's own tissues as "foreign" rather than self is the basis of many autoimmune disorders, including multiple scelrosis. When regulatory mechanisms fail to halt the immune response or excess cytokines are produced, pathology occurs (eg, allergies, hypersensitivity). Reference: Pellico, L. H. Focus on Adult Health Medical-Surgical Nursing, 1st ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, Chapter 36: Nursing Assessment: Immune Function, p. 987.
A nurse is working in a pediatric clinic. After giving a hepatitis B immunization to an infant, the mother asks what kind of protection this provides for her child. The correct response is which of the following? a) Active acquired immunity, which lasts many years or a lifetime b) Passive acquired immunity, which is temporary c) Passive acquired immunity, which lasts many years or a lifetime d) Active acquired immunity, which is temporary
Answer:Active acquired immunity, which lasts many years or a lifetime Explanation:Active acquired immunity refers to immunologic defenses developed by the person's own body. This mmunity typically lasts many years or even a lifetime. Passive acquired immunity is temporary immunity transmitted from a source outside the body that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization Reference: Pellico, L. H. Focus on Adult Health Medical-Surgical Nursing, 1st ed., Philadelphia, Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013, Chapter 36: Nursing Assessment: Immune Function, p. 987.