drivers test

railroads: There are over 5000 miles of railroad tracks and 6800 railroad crossings in N.C. A train that is traveling at 55 mph takes more than a mile to come to a stop

(a) Whenever any person driving a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing under any of the circumstances stated in this section, the driver of the vehicle shall stop within 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of the railroad and shall not proceed until he can do so safely. These requirements apply when: (1) A clearly visible electrical or mechanical signal device gives warning of the immediate approach of a railroad train; (2) A crossing gate is lowered or when a human flagman gives or continues to give a signal of the approach or passage of a railroad train; (3) A railroad train approaching within approximately 1500 feet of the highway crossing emits a signal audible from that distance, and the railroad train is an immediate hazard because of its speed or nearness to the crossing; or (4) An approaching railroad train is plainly visible and is in hazardous proximity to the crossing. (b) No person shall drive any vehicle through, around, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed, nor shall any pedestrian pass through, around, over, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed. (c) When stopping as required at a railroad crossing, the driver shall keep as far to the right of the highway as possible and shall not form two lanes of traffic unless the roadway is marked for four or more lanes of traffic. (d) Any person who violates any provisions of this section shall be guilty of an infraction and punished in accordance with G.S. 20-176. Violation of this section shall not constitute negligence per se. An employer who knowingly allows, requires, permits, or otherwise authorizes a driver of a commercial motor vehicle to violate this section shall be guilty of an infraction. Such employer will also be subject to a civil penalty under G.S. 20-37.21. (1991, c. 368, s. 1; 2005-349, s. 12.) A yellow and black "RR" sign indicates that you are approaching a railroad crossing. As you approach the tracks, look both ways and listen because you may have to stop. Trains can approach a crossing at any time from any direction. The train always has the right of way. If there is a stop sign, you must come to a full stop before safely crossing.

BAC restrictions

-A blood alcohol concentration restriction will be required when a license is restored following a suspension for DWI or when a Limited Driving Privilege is issued following a DWI conviction - On the first restoration, the alcohol concentration restriction will be 0.04. On a second or subsequent restoration, the alcohol concentration restriction will be 0.00. -Additionally, if you are convicted of DWI in a commercial motor vehicle, driving after consuming alcohol or drugs while under the age of 21 or felony death by vehicle, the alcohol concentration restriction will be 0.00. -Furthermore, a conviction of Driving While Impaired with a BAC of 0.15 or more, or another conviction within the past seven years, will require an ignition interlock device to be installed on the vehicle.

seat belt exceptions

-A driver or occupant of a noncommercial motor vehicle with a medical or physical condition that prevents appropriate restraint by a seat belt or with a professionally certified mental phobia against the wearing of vehicle restraints; -A motor vehicle operated by a rural letter carrier of the United States Postal Service while performing duties as a rural letter carrier, and a motor vehicle operated by a newspaper delivery person while actually engaged in delivery of newspapers along the person's specified route; -A driver or passenger frequently stopping and leaving the vehicle or delivering property from the vehicle if the speed of the vehicle between stops does not exceed 20 miles per hour; -Any vehicle registered and licensed as a property-carrying vehicle while being used for agricultural purposes in intrastate commerce. - A motor vehicle not required to be equipped with seat belts by law; and -Any occupant of a motor home other than the driver and front seat passengers, provided the motor home has at least four of the following facilities: cooking, refrigeration or icebox, self-contained toilet, heating or air-conditioning, portable water supply system with a faucet and sink, separate 110-115-volt electrical power supply or an LP gas supply. -Situations where all seating positions equipped with child passenger restraint systems or seat belts are occupied;

motorbike helmets

-A thick inner liner which includes a firm inner liner of polystyrene foam that is about one inch thick. In some helmets this may be covered by a comfort liner, but you can feel the thickness. (Non-compliant helmets normally contain no liner or a thin soft foam padding.) • -A DOT sticker which will show the symbol "DOT" permanently installed by the manufacturer on the back of the helmet. (Some "novelty type" helmets are supplied with a separate "DOT" sticker or one can be purchased separately and placed on the helmet by the motorcyclist. This does not make this a compliant helmet.) -A manufacturer's label which is permanently attached in the interior of the helmet by the manufacturer that includes the manufacturer's name or identification, precise model, size, month and year of manufacture, type of shell and liner construction materials and an instruction label for cleaning -if a vehicle driver does not properly signal vehicle movements to a motorcycle operator and causes the motorcycle to change lanes or leave the roadway, the vehicle driver will be charged and fined as the law provides. If these actions result in a crash causing property damage or personal injury, the driver will be charged and fined as the law provides.

dw laws

-Allow enforcement agencies to set up road blocks to check for impaired drivers; -Prohibit drivers from consuming any alcoholic beverage, including beer, while driving; -Prohibit the transport of an open container of any alcoholic beverage, including in the passenger area of the car; -Prohibit the possession of alcoholic beverages (open or closed) in the passenger area of a commercial motor vehicle while upon any highway, street or public vehicular area; -Provide for different levels of severity of punishment based on the severity of the offense; • Require persons who are convicted of DWI for the second time to serve a jail sentence; -Attempt to punish DWI offenders, but also try to help them deal with problems they may have with alcohol; Driving while impaired can be proven in one of two ways: -By proving the driver's physical or mental fitness are appreciably impaired by alcohol, drugs or a combination of both; or -By proving the driver's blood alcohol concentration is 0.08 percent or more, or 0.04 or more, if you are driving a Commercial Motor Vehicle. 30 -Require that repeat DWI offenders or persons with high BACs be checked to see if they have an alcohol problem; -Require persons with lower BACs to attend alcohol safety schools; and -Require anyone convicted of DWI to obtain a substance abuse assessment prior to the reinstatement of driving privileges.

The law requires a one-year driver license revocation upon conviction for:

-Any underage person who attempts to purchase or purchases an alcoholic beverage; -Any underage person who aids or abets another who attempts to purchase or purchases an alcoholic beverage; If you are convicted of DWI while your license is revoked for an earlier DWI conviction, the court may order your vehicle seized and sold -Any underage person who obtains or attempts to obtain alcoholic beverages by using or attempting to use a fraudulent driver license or other ID or another person's driver license or ID -Any person who permits his or her driver license or any other ID to be used by an underage person to purchase or attempt to purchase an alcoholic beverage - Any person who gives an alcoholic beverage to any underage person.

emergency vehicels

-As the emergency vehicle approaches (from ahead or behind), drive to the right-hand curb or edge of the road and stop completely; -Remain stopped until the emergency vehicle has passed, or until directed to move by a traffic officer; -Do not park within 100 feet of an emergency vehicle that has stopped to investigate an accident or to give assistance; -Do not drive or park closer than one block from fire trucks responding to a fire alarm -All vehicles, regardless of direction of travel, must yield right of way to an approaching emergency vehicle. This does not apply to vehicles traveling in the opposite direction of the emergency vehicle(s) when traveling on a four-lane limited-access highway with a center median -never drive motor vehicle over fire house -When approaching any authorized emergency vehicle (police, fire department, ambulance, rescue squad or public service vehicle that is being used to assist motorists or law enforcement officers with wrecked or disabled vehicles) that is parked or standing within 12 feet of the roadway with the emergency or warning lights activated, a driver is required to do the following: -On a highway with at least two lanes of traffic in the same direction you are traveling, you must move your vehicle into a lane that is not the lane nearest the parked or standing emergency vehicle and continue traveling in that lane until safely clear of the emergency vehicle. -On a highway with only one lane of traffic in the same direction you are traveling, you must slow your speed and drive at a reduced, safe speed until completely past the emergency vehicle

alcohol

-Driving is impaired at BAC 0.08 but many people are affected at much lower levels- the risk of being involved in a crash increases when the alcohol level is 0.05 percent, and at 0.08 percent, the risk of causing a fatal crash is even greater. -38% traffic fatalities related to alcohol -If an officer charges you with driving while impaired, you will be asked to take a chemical test of your breath or blood- refusal to perform any required test will result in the immediate revocation of your driver license for at least 30 days and an additional, minimum 12-month revocation by the DMV. -In certain instances, after six months of the willful refusal revocation has elapsed, the judge may issue a limited driving privilege. If your blood alcohol concentration test shows a BAC of 0.08 percent or more (0.04 or more, if you are driving a commercial motor vehicle), your driving privilege will be revoked immediately for a minimum of 30 days. -Additionally, the results of your chemical test or the fact that you refused to take the test will be admissible as evidence in court.

road side and speed

-Driving on Your Side of the Road: the law requires you to drive on the right side of the road. Driving on the left side is legal only in some cases, such as on one-way streets and while passing. When you are moving slower than the posted speed limit on a multi-lane highway, drive in the extreme right lane unless you are passing, turning left or avoiding an obstruction. -Adjusting Your Speed to Driving Conditions The speed at which you drive determines the distance required to stop your vehicle. Stopping distance also depends on your reaction time. Stopping distances are longer at higher speeds because a vehicle travels farther during the reaction time, and it takes more braking distance to come to a full stop. Even with ideal conditions, if you are traveling 55 mph it requires 211 ft to stop -Studies show that the vehicle moving at a speed considerably below the posted limit is much more likely to cause or be involved in a crash than the vehicle moving at a normal speed. -Never drive faster than the posted speed limit or at a speed that is unreasonable or unwise given the existing conditions. • Allow a safe distance between you and the vehicle in front of you (the "twosecond rule"). • The faster you are moving, the farther ahead you must be able to see to allow enough distance for stopping. Conditions often change as you

child seats

-Every driver transporting one or more passengers younger than 16 years of age must make sure that each passenger under age 16 is properly secured in a child passenger restraint system or a seat belt which meets the federal safety standards that were in effect at the time it was manufactured. -A child under age 8 and weighing less than 80 pounds must be properly secured in a weight appropriate child passenger restraint system. If the vehicle is equipped with an active passenger-side front air bag and the vehicle has a rear seat, then a child under age 5 and weighing less than 40 pounds must be properly secured in the rear seat unless the child restraint system is designed for use with a front air bag system. -If there are no available seating positions in the vehicle equipped with a lap and shoulder belt to properly secure the weight appropriate child restraint system, a child under age 8 and between 40 and 80 pounds can be restrained by a properly fitted lap belt only

funeral processions

-Every vehicle in a funeral procession must have its headlights on, and the hazard warning signals must also be on, if so equipped. -The operator of the lead vehicle must comply with all traffic-control signals. But when the lead vehicle has crossed the intersection in accordance with the traffic-control sign or signal, or when directed to do so by a law enforcement officer or funeral director, or when being led by a law enforcement vehicle, all vehicles in the funeral procession may proceed through the intersection without stopping, while using extra care towards other vehicles or pedestrians. -All vehicles in a funeral procession must be driven on the right side of the road and shall follow the vehicle ahead as closely as reasonable and prudent. -The driver of a vehicle going in the opposite direction as a funeral procession may yield to the procession. If the driver chooses to yield, the driver must do so by reducing speed, or by stopping completely off the roadway so that drivers of other vehicles proceeding in the opposite direction of the procession can continue to travel without leaving their lane of traffic. -The driver of a vehicle traveling in the same direction as the funeral procession shall not pass or attempt to pass the funeral procession, except that the operator of such a vehicle may pass a funeral procession when the highway has been marked for two or more lanes of moving traffic in the same direction of the funeral procession. -The driver of a vehicle shall not knowingly drive between vehicles in a funeral procession. When a funeral procession is proceeding through a red light, the driver of a vehicle that is not in the procession shall not enter the intersection even if facing a green light, unless it can be done safely and without crossing the path of the procession

DWI

-First conviction: Mandatory revocation of your driver license for a period of one year. -Second conviction: Mandatory driver license revocation for a period of four years when convicted of a prior offense which occurred within three years of the current offense for which the license is being revoked. -Third conviction: Mandatory, permanent driver license revocation if at least one of the prior convictions occurred within the past five years. -Fourth conviction: Mandatory permanent driver license revocation. The fourth conviction is considered a felony if the three prior DWI convictions occurred within the past seven years.

points

-If you accumulate seven points, you may be assigned to a driver improvement clinic. The clinic fee is $65. -Upon satisfactory completion of the clinic, three points are deducted from your driving record. If you accumulate as many as 12 points within a three-year period, your license may be suspended. The accumulation of eight points within three years following the reinstatement of your license can result in a second suspension - If your driver license is suspended by the point system, it may be taken for 60 days for the first suspension, 6 months for the second ,and 12 months for the third.

agricultural equipment

-It is illegal and very dangerous to pass farm equipment in a no passing zone. Farm equipment may be wider than what is visible from behind and may require ample space in both lanes. Furthermore, it may also be difficult to see traffic approaching in the opposite direction. The key to safety when sharing the road with farm equipment is to be patient. -If farm equipment is causing a delay in traffic, the operator should move off the road at the nearest practical location and allow the traffic to pass. This is the only advisable time to pass farm equipment on public roads. During the harvesting and planting seasons, farmers work longer hours and are often on the road in the early morning and evening hours. Farm equipment is required to have one front white light as well as a rear red light that is visible for up to 500 feet. Two red reflectors that are at least four inches in diameter can replace the rear red light. -When approaching farm equipment the closure time is much quicker because of the slow speed of the equipment. Always approach farm equipment with care. Farm equipment is legally entitled to travel on most roads in North Carolina, except interstates

cell phones and driving

-It is unlawful to use a cell phone for email or text messages while operating a vehicle on a public street or highway or public vehicular area; -Drivers less than 18 years of age are not permitted to use a cell phone or any additional technology associated with a cell phone while operating a motor vehicle on a public street or highway or public vehicular area while the vehicle is in motion. Exceptions: calling 911 in an emergency; -No person shall operate a school bus on a public street or highway or public vehicular area while using a cell phone or any other technology associated with a mobile device; -Use your cell phone only if it is absolutely necessary and for the sole purpose of communicating regarding emergency situations or contacting parent, legal guardian or spouse; 40 -If you must use your phone, do so at a safe time and place; -Ask a passenger in the car to place the call for you and, if possible, speak in your place; -Do not feel like you must answer the phone when it rings. Let someone leave a message and you can return the call when you are stopped at a safe location; -Secure your phone in the car so that it does not become a projectile in a crash.

Interchanges, Intersections, Roads, Streets and Highways

-Many intersections may have roads crossing each other at different levels. These are interchanges and the method of turning at these specially designed intersections may vary. -As you approach an interchange, slow down and give careful attention to the signs that direct you about how to make the turn. An intersection is any place where two or more roads meet or cross each other. -Crashes occur most frequently at intersections, and they are considered the most dangerous places on a street or highway. More than one-third of fatal traffic crashes involving motor vehicles occur at intersections. On four-lane highways separated by a median of more than 30 feet, each crossing constitutes a separate intersection. The law requires that you slow down when you come to an intersection, even if you have the right of way. -In intersections without traffic signs or signals, the right-ofway rules state: • The vehicle already in the intersection has the right of way ahead of any vehicle that has not yet entered; • When two or more vehicles reach an intersection at the same time, the vehicle to the right has the right of way; • A vehicle with the right-of-way may move straight ahead or, if legal and after signaling, turn right or left; and • Even with the right-of-way, be careful to avoid hitting other vehicles and pedestrians. When two facing vehicles approach an intersection at the same time, the rightof-way rules are not much help. Both drivers can move straight ahead or turn right. If one driver is going straight while the other wants to turn left, the driver who wants to turn must wait. The driver who wants to turn left must give the proper signal and wait until the turn can be made safely. Therefore, in this case, the driver who is traveling straight ahead has the right of way. Never change lanes while you are moving straight ahead through an intersection.

truckb eds

-North Carolina law prohibits children less than age 16 from riding in the open bed of a pick-up truck; an open bed or open cargo area is a bed or cargo area without permanent overhead restraining construction. -The operator of the vehicle having an open bed or open cargo is responsible for compliance with this law. -The statute does, however, contain some exemptions; the provisions for proper securement of children do not apply: oIf an adult is present in the bed or cargo area of the vehicle and is supervising the child; oIf the child is secured or restrained by a seat belt manufactured in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 208, installed to support a load strength of not less than 5,000 pounds for each belt, and of a type approved by the Commissioner; 0If an emergency situation exists oIf the vehicle is being operated in a parade o If the vehicle is being operated in an agricultural enterprise including providing transportation to and from the principal place of the enterprise. Violators are issued tickets and are subject to a fine of $25. Violations of this law are defined as "infractions" and do not incur court costs, driver license points or insurance surcharges.

crossing a railroad

-Railroad crossing sign indicates you are approaching a railroad crossing and you must: Approach with caution, Prepare to stop and be alert for a train, Proceed with caution after a train has passed, Never stop on train tracks for any reason The X-shaped railroad grade crossing sign, known as a Crossbuck Sign is mounted at the railroad crossing. A smaller sign below the crossbuck indicates if there is more than one track. Many crossings have flashing red lights or flashing red lights with gates. If the warning signal activates, you must stop before the gates lower across your side of the road. It is unlawful and extremely dangerous to move through a railroad crossing when the gates are lowered. You will not be able to cross the tracks before the train arrives and the train cannot turn and will not be able to stop. -As you approach a railroad crossing, you must: • Slow your speed; • Look both ways; • Listen for the train; • Keep alert; and • Watch for the railroad crossing signal -Remember these railroad crossing rules: • Railroads are private property and it is illegal and dangerous to drive on or cross the tracks except at designated railroad crossings; • Vehicles must always yield to a train even when the crossing only has a crossbuck and no lights or gates; • When flashing red lights are used with crossbuck signs at the railroad crossing, you must stop, just as you would stop for any flashing red traffic signal; • If you are waiting for a train to pass, be patient; Trains have the right-of-way over all highway traffic including police, fire and ambulance emergency vehicles. Do not proceed to move immediately after the train has passed — there may be another train moving in the opposite direction from or following the first train; • Always wait until the red lights have stopped flashing before moving ahead; • Be prepared to stop for vehicles that must stop at crossings, such as school buses, motor vehicles carrying passengers, for-hire vehicles or vehicles transporting explosives or hazardous materials (these vehicles are marked with placards). If you happen to be crossing the tracks and the warning lights begin flashing or gates start to come down, do not stop, do not backup, KEEP MOVING. The warning signals will allow enough time for you to finish driving through the crossing before the train arrives. If the gate on the far side of the tracks comes down before you get across, DO NOT PANIC. RAILROAD CROSSING GATES CANNOT TRAP YOU OR YOUR VEHICLE drive through the gate. It is flexible and will not block you in. If you stop and try to back up, your vehicle may stall; • Crossing gates will not trap you, but stopping traffic might. Be sure the traffic ahead of you will not stop and block you in on the tracks;

seat belts

-The driver and all passengers in a motor vehicle manufactured with seat belts shall have a seat belt properly fastened about his or her body at all times when the vehicle is in forward motion on a street or highway in this state. -Children under age 16 should be in an age and weight appropriate restraint. Under the seat belt law, all occupants MUST wear seat belts even if the vehicle is equipped with air bags. If the vehicle is equipped with automatic shoulder harnesses, the lap belt MUST also be worn. -Properly used safety seats could save seven out of every 10 children who are killed while unrestrained.

driver pulled over

-When you see emergency lights and/or hear a siren behind you, stay calm, activate your turn signal, pull the vehicle always to the right, and off the travel portion of the highway at the nearest point where it is safe to do so. - If there is not an obvious safe place to immediately stop the vehicle, turn on your emergency 4 way flashers and reduce your speed (by about 10 mph) to signal to the officer that you are aware of his or her presence. -Continue driving and obey all traffic laws until you reach the nearest safe area to stop your vehicle. - If an unmarked car is stopping you and you have a legitimate question or concern as to whether or not you are being stopped by an actual law enforcement officer, you may call 9-1-1 before pulling over. Report your name and location in order to verify that an actual law enforcement officer is conducting the traffic stop. -After the vehicle stops, you should place the vehicle in "Park," roll down the window, turn off the engine, and silence any electronic devices and/or radio so that you can easily communicate with the officer. You and all passengers should remain seated in the vehicle. An officer may approach your vehicle on the driver or passenger side for safety reasons. Do not remove your seatbelt unless asked to do so by the officer. You should place both hands on the steering wheel and instruct any passengers to keep their hands in a position that is clearly visible to the officer at all times. Passengers in the back seat should place their hands on the back of the front seat. Keep your hands in plain view. -If it is nighttime, the officer may direct a spotlight at your vehicle once stopped. To assist with visibility, turn on your interior lights as soon as you stop to help the officer see inside your vehicle. -The officer will usually explain why he or she stopped you and may ask you questions. Under State law, you are required to identify yourself and provide your drivers license and registration for the vehicle. After establishing identification, you may choose whether or not to verbally respond to additional questions. • If the officer is not in uniform he or she will show you his or her law enforcement credentials or you may ask to see them. -If there is a firearm or other weapon in the vehicle, do not attempt to reach for the weapon. Under state law, any weapon should be in plain view or securely locked away, unless you or your passenger(s) have the proper permit. If you or your passenger(s) have a concealed weapon permit and a weapon is in the vehicle, you or your passenger(s) must inform the officer of that fact. -Do not exit the vehicle or allow any passengers to exit the vehicle unless instructed to do so by the officer. -If your drivers license and/or vehicle registration is not readily accessible, do not reach under the seats and do not open the glove box or other compartments and begin searching for your license or registration unless you are asked to do so by the officer. Remain calm and refrain from engaging in sudden or unnecessary movements during the traffic stop. - Do not talk on a cell phone while interacting with the officer during the stop. The officer has to be able to give you and your passengers detailed instructions so you will understand what is expected of you. If you receive a telephone call during the traffic stop, the officer will tell you whether or not you may answer the telephone call. • Listen carefully to the officer and follow his or her instructions. Give the officer your full attention. If you do not understand an instruction, calmly inform the officer that you do not understand the instruction and ask him or her to repeat or explain their instruction. -When the officer completes his or her interaction with you he or she may issue a warning or a traffic ticket which may include a fine. The officer will typically explain whatever action is being taken. If you have questions, respectfully ask the officer to clarify. If you disagree with the officer's decision to issue a traffic ticket, do not prolong the contact by arguing with the officer. If you wish to contest the ticket, you will have the opportunity to explain your point of view of what happened in court. Your acceptance and signature on a traffic ticket is not an admission of guilt. -Some traffic stops may result in an arrest. Even if you disagree with the officer, do not argue with the officer. You will have your chance to present your case in court. Resisting, delaying or obstructing a law enforcement officer during a traffic stop is a class 2 misdemeanor -If you believe the officer acted inappropriately, document the officer's behavior and report it to the officer's agency in a timely manner. The name of the officer and law enforcement agency will be on the ticket and you may ask the officer to provide this information.

passing

1. Look ahead and behind to determine when it is safe to pass. 2. If it is safe to pass, signal to alert the drivers ahead and behind you of your intention so they can plan their moves accordingly. 3. Blow the horn to signal the driver ahead. The horn signal places the driver of the vehicle you are passing under a legal obligation to help you pass. While passing, be sure you have plenty of room and keep a steady speed. You cannot pass safely unless you can see far enough ahead to ensure that you can get back to the original lane of travel before you meet oncoming traffic. The law requires the passing driver to pass at least two feet to the left of the vehicle being passed. You have not passed safely if the vehicle you have passed must slow down to allow you back into your correct lane. Places where passing is always unsafe and usually illegal: •intersections in cities and towns or at railroad crossings, marked intersections in rural areas, on any curve or hill where the driver cannot see at least 500 feet ahead, wherever there is a solid yellow line in the driver's lane, wherever there is a double-solid yellow line; at intersections or crosswalks where a vehicle has stopped to allow people to cross the street, and wherever the driver cannot see that the road is clear of traffic far enough ahead to pass safely. Passing on the right is against the law except in areas where it is specifically permitted; it places your vehicle on the blind side of the vehicle you are passing. The vehicle you are passing could unexpectedly make a right turn or pull over to the right side of the road. Exceptions where passing on the right is allowed: on highways having at least two lanes traveling in each direction, one-way streets where all lanes of traffic move in the same directiom, when passing a vehicle that is in the left-turn lane; and/or ,when driving in a lane set aside for right turns. On three-lane highways, you must not pass except in the center lane, and then only where the center lane is marked for passing in your direction. Exception: When the vehicle in the center lane is making a left turn. When you are being passed, you are required to help the other driver to pass. If the driver of the passing vehicle blows the horn, move to the right edge of the road. Never increase your speed. If you increase speed and fail to give way to a passing vehicle, you will be charged with a misdemeanor if a crash occurs resulting in bodily injury or property damage.

a curve

1. Slow down before you enter the curve so that you will not need to brake while you are in the curve; Studies show that the vehicle moving at a speed considerably below the posted limit is much more likely to cause or be involved in a crash than the vehicle moving at a normal speed. 2. Gradually increase your speed to maintain the traction necessary for good control of the vehicle as you round the curve; 3. If you must brake in the curve, apply the brakes gradually until you are sure it is safe to keep continuous pressure on the brake pedal; 4. Begin to turn the vehicle just prior to the point where the road begins to turn; and 5. Stay on your side of the road and drive as far to the right as you can. If you encounter a curve while traveling downhill: 1. Consider the pull of gravity; 2. Shift to a lower gear before moving downhil 3. Begin to brake earlier and approach the curve more slowly than you would on a level roadway

points allocation

5 points: passing a stopped school bus , Aggressive driving 4 points: reckless driving, Hit and run, property damage only, following too closely, driving on wrong side of road, illegal passing, failure to yield right of way to pedestrian pursuant, failure to yield right of way to bicycle, motor scooter or motorcycle 3 points: Running through stop sign, Speeding in excess of 55 mph, Failure to yield right of way , Running through red light, No driver license or license expired more than one year, Failure to stop for sire, Driving through safety zone, No liability insurance, Failure to report accident where such report is required, Speeding in a school zone in excess of the posted school zone speed limit 2 points: Failure to properly restrain a child in a restraint or seat belt, All other moving violations 1 point: Littering pursuant to G.S. 14-399 when the littering involves the use of a motor vehicle

Schedule of point values for conviction (Any person who commits an offense for which points may be assessed for violations while operating a commercial motor vehicle may be assessed double the amount of any fine or penalty authorized by statute.)

8 points: Passing stopped school bus 6 points: rail-highway crossing violation, Careless and reckless driving in violation of G.S.20-140(f), Speeding in violation of G.S. 20-141(j3), Aggressive driving, 5 points: Reckless driving, Hit and run, property damage only, Following too closely, Driving on wrong side of road, Illegal passing, Failure to yield right of way to pedestrian pursuant to G.S. 20-158 (b) (2) b,Failure to yield right of way to bicycle, motor scooter or motorcycle 4 points: Running through stop sign, Speeding in excess of 55 miles per hour, Failure to yield right of way, Running through red light, No driver license or license expired more than one year, Failure to stop for siren , Driving through safety zone, No liability insurance, Failure to report accident where such report is require, Speeding in a school zone in excess of the posted school zone speed limit, Possessing alcoholic beverage in the passenger area of a commercial motor vehicle 3 points: All other moving violations 1 point: Littering pursuant to G.S. 14-399 when the littering involves the use of a motor vehicle

arrow signals

A green arrow means that you have a "protected" turning movement with no other conflicting traffic in the intersection except U-turn traffic that should yield to all other traffic entering the intersection. • A red arrow means turning traffic must stop. • A yellow arrow indicates that the "protected" green arrow signal is about to turn to a regular circular green signal, circular red signal or red arrow signal. Chapter 5 — Signals and Signs 76 Some traffic signals have a combination of "protected" turn arrow signals and "unprotected" circular signals based on traffic demand. At these intersections, both through traffic and turning traffic are controlled by circular signals if no arrow signal is displayed. When arrow and circular signals are both displayed, turning traffic is controlled by the arrow signals and through traffic is controlled by the circular signals. Below are examples of combination signal displays you may see. When approaching an intersection with a traffic light that has malfunctioned due to a power outage or some other problem, you should approach the intersection and proceed as though the intersection is controlled by a stop sign on all approaches to the intersection. This does not apply if a law enforcement officer or another authorized person is directing traffic, or if another type of traffic control device is in operation

secondary roads

A paved secondary road is not always designed for heavy traffic or regular highway speed. Most secondary roads are built for local transportation, and not as main highways. On these roads, hills are likely to be steeper and curves are likely to be sharper than on primary roads. Sight distances are often very short. Secondary roads cannot be traveled safely at speeds that would be proper for primary highways

ramp meters

A ramp meter signal is used to control traffic entering a freeway from an interchange entrance ramp. When a ramp meter is displaying a circular red display, vehicles facing the red light must stop. When a ramp meter is displaying a circular green display, a vehicle facing the green display may proceed to merge onto the freeway. When the display is dark or not emitting a red or green display, a vehicle may proceed without stopping and enter the freeway by merging or yielding as normal conditions allow.

single point interchange

A single-point interchange compresses two intersections into a single intersection over or under a free-flowing road. Through traffic and traffic turning left onto or off the interchange, is controlled by a single set of traffic signals. The traffic signals are located at the center or top of the interchange and allow vehicles to clear the intersection more quickly. These interchanges help move large volumes of traffic through limited amounts of space safely and efficiently.

work zones

A street or highway work zone warns of construction or maintenance activities that are on or adjacent to the road used by vehicles. The work zone may or may not actually interfere with the normal traffic flow, but it will usually contain activities that may tend to draw the driver's attention or otherwise distract a driver from traffic. It is very important to STAY ALERT in work zones and to be prepared at all times to react safely to unexpected conditions. It is unlawful to drive a motor vehicle greater than the speed limit that is set and posted while driving in a work zone. A highway work zone is the area between the first sign that indicates the beginning of a work zone and the last sign that indicates the end of a work zone. There is a penalty for speeding in a work zone if a sign is posted at the beginning of the work zone listing the penalty. This penalty is in addition to any other penalties for the speeding conviction. A highway work zone can be easily identified by unique orange warning signs immediately preceding the work zone. The orange signs with messages in black letters are reserved strictly to identify work zones. In addition to alerting drivers as they approach and enter work zones, black-on-orange signs are used within the work zone to convey specific information and directions to drivers as they travel through the work zone. Adjusting to road conditions is the key to successful driving. • You should be able to judge dangerous conditions and adjust your driving accordingly. • Most importantly, you should know when conditions are too dangerous to risk driving at all. Chapter 4 — Your Driving 67 Warning signs alert drivers of unusual features or conditions that they are about to encounter. Examples of typical work zone signs: The "Flagger" sign warns drivers of construction or maintenance on the road ahead where a flagger wearing an orange vest is stationed at the site to control traffic. The flagger uses a "STOP/SLOW" paddle to either stop traffic or allow traffic to proceed. When you see the "Flagger" sign, STAY ALERT and be prepared to stop.

roundabouts

A traffic circle or roundabout is a specially designed intersection. All vehicles in a traffic circle travel to the right around the circle in a counterclockwise direction until you come to the road or street where you want to turn. You leave the traffic circle by making a right turn. If there is more than one lane in the circle, be sure you are in the outside lane before you come to the place where you intend to exit the circle. Look and signal before you turn or change lanes. Never make a right turn from an inside lane. An entire traffic circle is an intersection. Vehicles already in the circle have the right of way

parking

Always park on the right side of the road, except on one-way streets. Before pulling out from a parallel parking space, check for approaching traffic and give a left-turn signal, unless you are parked on the left side of a one-way street. If you are driving and notice that a vehicle ahead of you is pulling out from a parallel parking space, slow down and be prepared to stop. Places where you should not park: At an intersection or in front of a driveway, Within 25 feet of the curb line of an intersecting street or within 15 feet of the intersecting right of way lines if there is no curb, On a crosswalk, sidewalk or bridge, Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant or entrance to a fire station, On the paved or primary-travel portion of any highway — parking on the shoulder is also against the law unless the parked vehicle can be seen by approaching drivers from both directions for a distance of at least 200 feet, On the roadway side of another vehicle (double parking), Where there are "no-parking" signs, Within one block of a fire or fire truck in city limits or within 400 feet of a fire or fire truck outside the city, Anywhere within the right of way of an interstate highway, except in designated parking areas or in cases of emergencies; and, Parking spaces designated for handicap/disabled use unless your vehicle is displaying a handicap license plate or a disability parking placard.

unusual emergencies

An approaching vehicle that crosses the center line into the path of your vehicle is a danger. You should: • Reduce speed immediately; • Sound your horn; and • Keep to the right even if this means running off the road. Tips to follow if your vehicle runs off the pavement and onto the shoulder: • Do not immediately apply the brakes or try to turn back; you could skid, lose control or overturn; • Slowly remove your foot from the accelerator and steer straight ahead; • Allow the engine to slow the vehicle; and • When the vehicle is stopped or nearly stopped, check for approaching traffic and if it's safe, gradually drive back onto the road.

pedestrians

As drivers, we must watch out for pedestrians on the roadway. In cities, about two of every five persons killed by motor vehicle crashes are pedestrians; in rural areas, the rate is about one of every 10. Most of the pedestrians killed are children, elderly persons or those who have been drinking alcoholic beverages. When you are a pedestrian, do all you can to make yourself visible and to help drivers to prevent crashes. Pedestrians should always: • Walk on the left side of the road facing traffic; • Wear or carry something white — do not assume that drivers can see you; • Do everything you can to make yourself visible to drivers; • Be ready to move out of the way in case a driver cannot see you; and • At night, remember that it is more difficult for drivers to see you — use a flashlight.

bikes

Bicycle riding is an important means of transportation, particularly for traveling to and from work and school. Because bicycles are vehicles, bicyclists must obey the same traffic laws as other drivers, this includes DWI laws. Bicyclists, like any other vehicle, are entitled to use the full lane. Like drivers, bicyclists must: • Ride on the right side of the road; • Stop for stop signs and red lights; and • Give hand signals. LEFT TURN DRIVER'S MANUAL HAND SIGNALS SIGNAL VARIATIONS CYCLISTS USE LEFT TURN RIGHT TURN RIGHT TURN STOP STOP Chapter 6 — Sharing the Road 85 Pass with Care A bicyclist staying to the right in their lane is accommodating following drivers by making it easier to see when it is safe to pass, and easier to execute the pass. Drivers wishing to pass a bicyclist may do so only when there is abundant clearance and no oncoming traffic is in the opposing lane. The safest way to pass a bicyclist is to change lanes. To pass a cyclist lawfully, a driver must follow vehicle passing laws. Please see NCGS Sections 20-149 and 20-150. Go with the Flow It is especially important for bicyclists to go with the flow of traffic, NOT against the flow. Ride right, with the traffic, NOT facing traffic. Motorists often do not look in the direction of bicyclists riding the wrong way. Be Visible Visibility is important during both daylight hours and at night. During the daylight, avoid being obscured by other vehicles. At night, the law requires that a bicycle be equipped with a light on the front visible for a distance of at least 300 feet and a red light or reflector on the rear visible for a distance of at least 200 feet. Bicyclists can be expected on all roads except where expressly prohibited. Bicycles are narrow and typically operate at the right of the lane, so they may be obscured and difficult to detect. Avoid the left cross, drive out and right hook types of potential collisions shown below. All bicycle riders and passengers under age 16 must wear an approved protective bicycle helmet and must be seated on a saddle seat. A passenger weighing less than 40 pounds or less than 40 inches in height must be seated in a bicycle restraining seat.

mirrors

Check and adjust the mirrors before you begin to drive. The rear-view mirror should show what is directly behind you. Adjust the side mirrors to show the scene to the left and right rear of the vehicle. The mirrors should barely reflect the side of the vehicle.

safety points

Child Safety Points: - Children age 12 and under should ride buckled up in a rear seat; and -Infants in rear-facing child safety seats should NEVER ride in the front seat of a vehicle with a passenger-side air bag. -Small children should ride in a rear seat in child safety seats approved for their age and size. Adult Safety Points: -Everyone should buckle-up with both lap and shoulder belts on every trip. Air bags are supplemental protection devices; -The lap belt should be worn under the abdomen and low across the hips. The shoulder portion should come over the collarbone away from the neck and cross over the breastbone. - The shoulder belt in most new cars can be adjusted on the side pillar to improve fit; and -Driver and front passenger seats should be moved as far back as practical, particularly for shorter-statured people

communicating

Communicating means letting others know what you plan to do early enough to avoid a crash. Anytime you plan to slow down, stop, turn, change lanes or pull away from the curb, you should signal your intention. Be in the habit of signalling your movements even when you do not see others on the road. Before you signal, you must first see that your movement can be made safely.

out of state conviction

Convictions occurring outside North Carolina may result in your license being suspended or revoked just as if the violations occurred in this state. If a suspension occurs, the Division must notify you by correspondence of the effective date of the suspension.

motorcycles/mopeds

Drivers share the road with motorcycles and mopeds, and they must be especially careful to look for them and to observe these precautions: • Give the motorcyclist or moped rider the same right of way consideration as you would for the driver of any other vehicle; • Motorcycles are entitled to the full width of their lane. To pass a motorcycle, you must change lanes and pass in the same manner as you would for a larger motor vehicle; • A moped should travel using the right side of the lane. To pass a moped, you must stay at least two feet to the left; and • You must leave any cyclist enough room when you pass so your vehicle's windstream cannot cause the rider to lose control. Be especially watchful for motorcycles and mopeds while turning or changing lanes at intersections or entering the road from a driveway. Mopeds and motorcycles are difficult to see, and can be entirely hidden by your blind spots. When you approach a vehicle towing a trailer: • Watch for any sway or possible hazards, such as crosswinds or slippery curves; • Be aware that sudden braking might cause the trailer to jackknife; and • Use extreme caution while passing a trailer and the towing vehicle — it may take you a half mile of clear roadway to safely pass. Chapter 6 — Sharing the Road 88 In many left-turn situations it is even more difficult to see a motorcycle or moped. Look out for motorcycles and mopeds, as well as other vehicles, before you turn, change lanes or proceed to move. About two-thirds of motorcycle crashes in North Carolina involve a car. In most of these crashes, the driver of the car is at fault. The driver usually claims he or she did not see the motorcycle. Because the motorcycle offers little or no protection to the rider, the motorcyclist often is seriously injured or killed. Moped riders and all passengers are required to wear a helmet with a retention strap properly secured. The helmet must be a type that complies with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 218).

drive green

Driving green means adopting a few simple, inexpensive driving habits to decrease the amount of fuel you use and put more money in your pocket. • When you carry extra weight, your vehicle must work harder. • Check tire pressure once a month and keep tires properly inflated. • Every five miles over 60 mph can cost you up to an additional 30 cents a gallon. • Abrupt starts and hard stops can increase fuel consumption by 40%. • Turn off the engine if you're waiting for more than a couple of minutes. • At speeds less than 40 mph, roll down windows; more than 40 mph, use AC. • Use the cruise control for more than 10,000 miles a year and save yourself 60 gallons of fuel. • Clogged air filters can cut mileage by 10%. • Tightening your fuel cap can prevent leakage of up to 30 gallons of gas a year.

muffler/edxhaust

Every motor vehicle must have a muffler that is in good working order. The muffler filters smoke and excessive noise. One function of the exhaust system is to take harmful fumes from the engine to the rear of the vehicle to be released. Check your exhaust system often to be sure it is not leaking. A leak in the exhaust system can allow poisonous carbon monoxide gas to enter the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Carbon monoxide poisoning often can be fatal, and even small amounts can cause you to become sleepy or unconscious and lose control of the vehicle. For this reason, it is suggested that you keep a window open about one inch while traveling

brakes

Every motor vehicle that operates on a public roadway must be equipped with brakes to adequately control the movement of, stop and hold the vehicle. • All vehicles should have originally equipped brakes in good working condition — having two separate means of applying the brakes. • The brake pedal should be at least one-third of its original distance from the floor when fully depressed. If it is not, the brakes must be checked and, if necessary, repaired. • If the pedal gradually lowers under the pressure of your foot, the hydraulic system must be checked. • Brakes that squeak when you depress the brake pedal can indicate a problem, have them checked. Do not risk a possible loss of the brakes. To drive safely, all vehicle equipment should be in good working order. Anti-lock Braking System Anti-lock brakes, or ABS, can help improve vehicle stability (avoiding spinouts), steerability (directing the vehicle where the driver wants it to go) and stopping capability (distance needed to stop the vehicle). With ABS, it is important to brake hard and keep firm and steady pressure on the brake pedal while stopping. Pumping the brake pedal or releasing the steady pressure on the brake pedal will reduce the effectiveness of the ABS.

tires

Every vehicle operated on the streets and highways of North Carolina must be equipped with tires that are safe for the operation of the vehicle and do not expose the public to needless hazards. Tires are considered unsafe if they are cut, cracked or worn so as to expose the tire cord, or when they have visible tread separation, chunking or less than 1/16-inch-tread depth. Tires are important for stopping your vehicle. Never drive on smooth tires or tires that have fabric showing. Tires without enough air wear out more quickly. Also, tires without enough air increase the likelihood of a blowout. Overinflated tires reduce traction and wear heavily on the middle of the tread. The air pressure of tires must be checked at least once each month. For safe driving and fuel economy, tires should have the right amount of air. Follow the manufacturer's recommendation. The best time to check air pressure is when the tires are cool. If you do not have an air pressure gauge, you can take your vehicle to a nearby service station or auto center to have it checked.

following

Following too closely is a leading cause of traffic crashes. Maintain plenty of space between your vehicle and the one ahead. If the vehicle ahead stops suddenly, you will need time to react. On the open road, keep enough distance between you and the vehicle ahead so that a passing vehicle can safely move into and occupy the space. Remember to follow the "two-second rule." . The Two-Second Rule The "two-second rule" says that you should allow two seconds between the time the vehicle ahead of you passes a given point and the time your vehicle reaches the same point.

turning

For right turns, stay close to the right edge of the road, so that another vehicle cannot move between your vehicle and the curb. Reduce the vehicle's speed before making the turn and then accelerate slightly. Motorcycles and bicycles are especially hard to see during a turn. Always give the proper signal and look before turning to make sure that you can turn safely

city driving

Give yourself plenty of space to make decisions — leave a "margin of safety" around your vehicle; • Communicate your intended movements to other drivers; • Watch the road far enough ahead of you to detect possibly dangerous situations earlier and to take proper defensive actions; • Avoid driving side-by-side, especially in another driver's blind spot — if you cannot see the inside rear-view mirror of the car ahead, you are probably in the driver's blind spot; • Never "weave" in and out of traffic — stay in one lane if you can and plan lane changes ahead of time; • Give proper signal in advance before changing lanes; • Be prepared to apply the brakes; • Watch for parked vehicles that might be pulling out and pedestrians who might dart onto the street from between parked vehicles. Parked vehicles can also block your view of intersecting traffic, driveways and alleys; and • On a one-way street, use the center lane(s) for through-travel and the outside lanes for turning.

guide signs

Guide/informational signs give directions, routes, distances and indicate services. Interstate, U.S. and N.C. highways are numbered and marked. • Odd-numbered highways generally run north and south. • Even-numbered highways generally run east and west. • Route markers for U.S. highways are in the shape of a shield. • North Carolina route markers are diamond shaped. • N.C. secondary road signs are rectangular in shape. • Interstate highways are marked by a red, white and blue shield. • Signs indicating a nearby hospital, Highway Patrol station or telephone are blue and white. • Guide signs, also rectangular in shape, may be green, brown or blue. They provide directions and distances. If you are lost, a mileage and directional sign can help you. Do not endanger other drivers by stopping in the middle of the road to read a sign. When safe to do so, move to the shoulder of the road and wait until you have figured o

hybrid beacons

Hybrid beacons may be used to control traffic at mid-block crosswalks and entrances to emergency response facilities. The beacons remain dark until activated by pedestrians or emergency response personnel. Once activated, the beacons will flash yellow for a few seconds, then go steady yellow and steady red for a few more seconds to allow moving vehicles to safely stop. Once vehicles have stopped, the beacons will remain steady red while pedestrians begin crossing or the emergency response vehicles begin exiting their facility. After several seconds, the beacons will begin flashing red, during which time vehicles are to remain stopped until the pedestrians or emergency response vehicles have cleared the intersection. After the pedestrians or emergency response vehicles have cleared the intersection, and after first coming to a complete stop, vehicles may begin moving while the beacons are flashing red.

hydroplaning

Hydroplaning occurs when a thin sheet of water gets between the road surface and a vehicle's tires, causing them to lose contact with the road. The vehicle then begins a skidding movement across the road. Hydroplaning can start at speeds as low as 30 miles per hour and in water little more than 1/8 inch deep. When your speed increases, so do the chances of hydroplaning. Your ability to stop, or even slow your vehicle, is greatly reduced. Once you begin to hydroplane, any sudden jerking of the steering wheel or even a strong gust of wind can send you into an uncontrollable skid that can result in a crash. If you do begin to hydroplane, take your foot off the gas pedal. Resist your instinct to use the brakes. Keep your steering wheel straight and let the car's momentum decrease until the tires grip the road again and you regain control. Before going out in rainy weather, check your tires. Tires with deep, open treads allow water to escape and help prevent hydroplaning at moderate speeds. Tires with worn tread and those that are under inflated have less grip on the road surface, increasing your chance of hydroplaning. To properly handle skids, it is better to have tire pressure on the high side, rather than the low side, of the manufacturer's specifications. Be alert to warning signs of standing water on the roadway, which can lead to hydroplaning. These include visible reflections on the surface of the water; "dimples" created by rain drops as they hit the water; a "slushing" sound made by your tires; and a "loose" feeling in your steering wheel. If driving after a rainstorm has just ended, continue to be cautious. Rain leaves puddles in the road for several hours, even days after the showers stop, that can cause a car to hydroplane. Never use cruise control when it is raining or after it has been raining. If your vehicle starts to hydroplane, the time that it takes to turn off the cruise control or tap the brake pedal to release it, could mean the difference in maintaining or losing control of your vehicle.

crash

If a crash seems likely: • Sound the horn; • Keep to the right; • Turn away from oncoming traffic, even if you must leave the road; and/or • Drive off the road, into an open field if possible. If you are about to be hit from the rear, and there are no vehicles in front of you: • Press the accelerator and move away as quickly as possible; • Be ready to apply your brakes if there is no room to move; • Brace yourself between the steering wheel and the seat; and • Press the back of your head firmly against the head rest. If you are about to be hit: • Keep a tight grip on the steering wheel; and • Prepare to turn fast so that you can try to control the vehicle. • If all else fails, use your arms and hands to protect your face from breaking glass. In the event you are involved in a crash: • You must stop the vehicle immediately. If you do not stop, you have violated the law; • Take precautions to prevent further crashes at the scene; • Do whatever you can to help those who have been injured; • Try to ensure that someone informs a law enforcement officer immediately; and • If the crash occurred on a main lane, ramp, shoulder, median or adjacent area of the highway and there are no injuries or fatalities, each vehicle should be moved out of the travel lane onto the shoulder of the road provided it can be driven safely under its own power and without causing further damage to the vehicle, other traffic or the roadway

suspension

If a vehicle sways freely, leans heavily to one side during a turn or seems to bounce continuously, there may be a problem with the suspension system. Have a mechanic inspect the suspension system, including shock absorbers, and immediately correct any defects. A faulty suspension system can cause you to lose control

under 18 provisiona llicense

If you are a provisional licensee, your license may be suspended for: 30 days, upon conviction of a second moving violation occurring within a 12-month period; 90 days, upon conviction of a third moving violation occurring within a 12-month period; and Six months, upon conviction of a fourth moving violation occurring within a 12-month period. Some examples of moving violations: Passing a stopped school bus; • Reckless driving; • Hit-and-run; • Following too closely; • Driving on the wrong side of the road; • Illegal passing; • Running through a stop sign or red light; • Failure to yield right of way; • Failure to stop for an emergency siren; and • Speeding.

blowout

If you begin to feel a bumpy ride when there is no obvious reason, stop and check your tires. You can tell a blowout by a loud noise and by the way the vehicle begins to swerve. Use caution before changing a flat tire. • Move the vehicle completely off the road. • Set the parking brake and use emergency flares (if you have them) to warn other drivers. • Direct all passengers to leave the vehicle by the passenger side. Never allow passengers to remain in the vehicle during a tire change. Move passengers off the road or shoulder — do not allow them to stand in front or to the rear of the vehicle. If a blowout occurs: • Hold the steering wheel tightly and try to keep the vehicle straight on your side of the road; • Reduce speed by lifting your foot from the accelerator; • Do not apply the brakes until the engine has slowed the vehicle enough to allow you to maintain control of the vehicle; and • Find a safe place to move the vehicle completely off the road. Turn on the emergency flashers and parking lights. • Block the wheels to prevent the vehicle from rolling

skids

If you find yourself in a skid: • Ease your foot off the accelerator; • Turn the steering wheel in the direction the rear of the vehicle is skidding; and • As soon as the vehicle's path begins to straighten, turn the steering wheel back the other way so you will not over-steer To avoid skidding when driving with these roadway conditions: • Reduce speed gradually; • Engage your anti-lock braking system using firm, steady pressure on the brake pedal. Do not PUMP anti-lock brakes. If you do not have anti-lock brakes, you should pump the brakes gently to slow the vehicle.

fog

If you have extreme trouble seeing, you need to: • Pull far off the roadway; • Stop, secure the vehicle and turn on its emergency flashers; and • Leave the vehicle from the passenger side and stay away from the road. If you must drive during fog: • Turn on the low beam headlights; • Reduce your driving speed and be alert for tail lights of the vehicle in front of you; and • Watch for the vehicles behind you

gas pedal stick

If your gas pedal sticks: • Tap the gas pedal to try to unstick the throttle linkage or lift the pedal with your foot; • Shift to neutral and apply firm pressure to the brakes without locking the wheels; and/or • Find a safe place to move the vehicle completely off the road.

ltiter free road

In North Carolina, littering is illegal. When litter is thrown from or blown from a vehicle, the driver of the vehicle is held responsible. If convicted, the minimum fine is $250, and the maximum fine is $1,000. Any second or subsequent offense within three years after the date of a prior offense is punishable by a fine of not less than $500 nor more than $2,000, if convicted. Adopt-A-Highway Program The North Carolina Department of Transportation began its Adopt-A-Highway Program in April 1988. More than 7,000 volunteer groups have adopted about 15,000 miles of state-maintained roadsides, making North Carolina's Adopt-AHighway program the largest of its kind in the nation. To join the program, a civic, business, social or family group agrees to pick up litter at least four times a year along a two-mile section of state-maintained roadway. The Department of Transportation erects two signs identifying the adopted stretch of roadside and recognizing the group's contribution. In addition, NCDOT provides safety vests and training for each volunteer. Volunteer groups are asked to recycle as much of the litter they pick up as possible. By recycling, Adopt-A-Highway volunteers are making an even greater contribution to their communities' environments. The tremendous success of the Adopt-A-Highway program shows the great pride North Carolinians have in the beauty of their state. Please show your appreciation for these volunteers by obeying North Carolina's laws against littering.

speed limit

In cities and towns 35 For school buses 45 For school activity buses 55 Outside cities and towns 55 For interstates 70

weather risk

It is dangerous and deadly to leave children and/or animals in a vehicle. During the spring and summer months, after sitting in the sun, with even a slightly opened window, the temperature can rise rapidly inside a parked vehicle. The temperature inside a vehicle can rise approximately 40-50 degrees higher than the outside temperature. Dehydration, heat stroke and death can result from overexposure to the heat. During winter months, snow can block a car's exhaust pipe, and warming up a car can cause carbon monoxide to back up into the car. Carbon monoxide is an invisible gas that has no smell, taste or color but is poisonous, even deadly.

truck drivers

It is more difficult to drive a large truck than a passenger car for the following reasons: • Heavy trucks cannot gain speed as quickly as cars, especially while traveling uphill. However, because of its large size, a tractor-trailer often appears to be traveling at a slower speed than it is; • Large trucks require additional turning room because their rear wheels do not follow the path of their front wheels. When following a tractor-trailer, observe its turn signals before trying to pass. If it appears to be starting a left turn, check to see which way the driver is signaling before you attempt to pass; and • Truck brakes create heat when the truck is traveling downhill. This condition requires additional stopping distance for the truck. When driving beside large trucks or any large vehicle, the wind currents created by the larger vehicle may affect your steering. Give the truck plenty of room. When following large trucks, your vision may be blocked. Use caution while attempting to pass these vehicles. No-Zones Many motorists falsely assume that truckers can see the road better because they sit twice as high as the driver of a car. However, truckers still have serious blind Pedestrians should always: • Walk on the left side of the road facing traffic; • Wear or carry something white — do not assume that drivers can see you; • Do everything you can to make yourself visible to drivers; • Be ready to move out of the way in case a driver cannot see you; and • At night, remember that it is more difficult for drivers to see you — use a flashlight. Chapter 6 — Sharing the Road 87 spots or NO-ZONES into which a car can disappear from view — up to 20 feet in front of the cab, on either side of the tractor-trailer, particularly alongside the cab, and up to 200 feet in the rear (see diagram). Motorists lingering in the NO-ZONES hamper the trucker's ability to take evasive action to avoid a dangerous situation. An excellent rule of thumb for motorists sharing the road with a tractor-trailer is, "if you can't see the truck driver in his side-view mirror, he can't see you."

railroda emergencies

Knowing how to use the Blue Sign to directly contact the railroad company is the quickest method to stop a train in the event of a railroad related emergency. • All highway-railroad crossings in North Carolina are required to have an Emergency Notification System (ENS) sign posted in each traffic direction. The ENS sign, known as the "Blue sign," contains the railroad crossing identification number, name of the railroad company and an emergency telephone number to report emergencies, hazardous conditions or issues with railroad crossing lights or gates directly to the railroad company. Familiarize yourself with the "Blue Sign "locations at railroad crossings during your travels. • Each railroad company has its own emergency telephone number and each railroad crossing has a unique USDOT crossing identification number. • If your vehicle stalls on or near the tracks GET OUT IMMEDIATELY. By the time the engineer on the train sees you, it is too late to stop the train. • Move away from your vehicle and the tracks. Walk quickly along the roadway to a safe location away from the railroad tracks. When you are safely away from the tracks, locate the Blue Sign located at or near the railroad crossing and report the emergency

suspensions

Manslaughter 1 year Death by vehicle 1 year Manslaughter while under the influence of an impairing substance Permanent Assault with a motor vehicle 1 year Failure to stop and give aid when involved in an accident 1 year Speeding in excess of 55 mph and at least 15 mph over the legal limit while attempting to avoid arrest 1 year Prearranged racing with another motor vehicle on the highway *3 years Watching, betting on or loaning a car for prearranged racing *3 years Willful refusal to submit to a blood or breath alcohol test 1 year Two charges of reckless driving committed within 12 months 1 year Attempting to obtain a license or learner permit under false pretense 1 year Failure to yield right of way when entering an intersection, turning at a stop or yield sign, entering a roadway, upon the approach of an emergency vehicle or at a highway construction or maintenance area when the offense results in serious bodily injury 90 days and $500

motorcycles

Many small motorcycles do not accelerate rapidly and may not maintain speed going uphill or against a headwind. Stopping distances for motorcycles are also different. Most can stop more quickly than cars, but motorcycles stop more slowly when there is a second rider or when traveling on poor road surfaces where sudden braking could lead to a fall. On the road, a cyclist traveling ahead of you could lose control when materials such as sand, gravel, wet leaves or water are on the pavement. Be aware of conditions that may cause a motorcyclist to fall. Watch out for motorcycles that wobble or jerk while starting to move, or cyclists who hesitate while making traffic decisions. These are signs of a beginning cyclist, so allow plenty of room. Things to remember when you encounter a cyclist: • Never crowd the motorcycle or moped. Following too closely does not allow enough reaction time in the case of an emergency; • Allow a greater following distance when road surfaces are slippery. It is easier for the motorcycle or moped to become unstable because it has only two wheels in contact with the road surface; • Always allow the cyclist plenty of room to maneuver, especially at railroad crossings or on rough and uneven roadways. If the crossing is rough or at an angle, the rider might need to slow down to cross; and • Steel bridge expansion joints, metal grating on bridges and other metal surfaces are hazardous for cyclists. Leave plenty of space between yourself and the cyclist

recreational vehicles/trailers

Most recreational vehicles, including motor homes, campers and travel trailers, are longer, higher and wider than passenger cars. • Recreational vehicles and trailers accelerate and stop more slowly than cars and require more room for turning. • Visibility is a major problem with recreational vehicles. Remember, that the closer you are as you approach a recreational vehicle, the more it will block your field of vision. • Drivers of recreational vehicles can lose sight of you because their blind spots are much larger than those of cars. When you approach a vehicle towing a trailer: • Watch for any sway or possible hazards, such as crosswinds or slippery curves; • Be aware that sudden braking might cause the trailer to jackknife; and • Use extreme caution while passing a trailer and the towing vehicle — it may take you a half mile of clear roadway to safely pass.

mopeds

North Carolina law defines a moped as a vehicle with two or three wheels with a motor of no more than 50 cubic centimeters of piston displacement and no external shifting device. Legally, a moped's top speed cannot exceed 30 miles per hour. Although some mopeds on the market have top speeds higher than the 30 mph limit, they are illegal for use in North Carolina. Be sure you know a moped's size and maximum speed before you buy it. Otherwise, you may not be able to operate it legally. In North Carolina you must be at least 16 years old to operate a moped on a public roadway or public vehicular area. No driver license is required. However, Things to remember when you encounter a cyclist: • Never crowd the motorcycle or moped. Following too closely does not allow enough reaction time in the case of an emergency; • Allow a greater following distance when road surfaces are slippery. It is easier for the motorcycle or moped to become unstable because it has only two wheels in contact with the road surface; • Always allow the cyclist plenty of room to maneuver, especially at railroad crossings or on rough and uneven roadways. If the crossing is rough or at an angle, the rider might need to slow down to cross; and • Steel bridge expansion joints, metal grating on bridges and other metal surfaces are hazardous for cyclists. Leave plenty of space between yourself and the cyclist. Chapter 6 — Sharing the Road 89 driving while impaired laws that apply to drivers of other motor vehicles also apply to moped operators. When riding a moped on a public roadway you must follow all the rules of the road. In addition, you should follow the rules for riding a moped listed below: • Stay out of traffic as much as possible; • Try to find routes that are not traveled heavily; • Keep your distance. In every situation leave a reasonable amount of space between you and the other vehicle; • Keep to the right of your lane. Give yourself as much space as you can; • Because you will probably be moving more slowly than the other traffic, other drivers will want to pass you. Stay out of their way, as much as possible; • Do not share lanes with other vehicles; • At an intersection, never squeeze between parked cars and moving traffic; • Make sure other drivers can see you by wearing light or brightly colored clothing; • If possible, install electric turn signals on your moped. Otherwise, be sure to use hand signals when you turn or stop; • Look as far ahead as possible; • Anytime you cross the path of traffic, slow down, stop and look carefully before you proceed to move; • Be sure to look over your shoulder before you move into traffic and always be careful around parked cars; • Protect your body. Wear protective clothing that covers your body and always wear shoes. Registration of Mopeds (Effective July, 2015) The North Carolina Division of Motor Vehicles requires all moped operators to register their vehicle with the DMV, and obtain a registration card and license plate, which must be displayed on the rear of the moped at all times. Moped operators will be required to visit their local license plate agency for the registration process. The office locations can be found on the DMV website. The cost of registering each moped is $24 annually. Durham ($15), Orange ($15), Randolph ($1) and Wake ($5) counties each charge an additional transit tax. Operators must be 16 years of age or older and must have a valid N.C. driver license or N.C. ID card along with the moped manufacturer's certificate of origin (MCO). If an operator does not have an MCO for their vehicle, the operator can fill out an Affidavit of Facts for the Registration of a Moped form (MVR-58) to serve as proof of ownership.

drivers license resptration

North Carolina law requires that a restoration fee of $65 be paid to the DMV before a suspension or revocation can be cleared. (This fee is not required if the license was taken for medical or health reasons following a medical evaluation.) A $130 restoration fee is required when the revocation results from a DWI conviction. Also, a service fee of $50 is required upon restoration of a revoked or suspended driver license unless the license was surrendered to the court or mailed to the DMV before the effective date of the suspension or revocation. For the reinstatement of your driving privilege: 1. Visit any driver license office; 2. Provide proof of identity, i.e., driver license or two (2) other acceptable forms of i.d.; 3. Pay a restoration and/or service fee; 4. Reapply for a driver license; 5. Take required tests, if applicable; 6. Provide proof of insurance if required, and 7. Pay for new license issuance.

changing lanes

On a highway with multiple lanes of traffic, check the lane you are changing to, as well as the lane beyond, to be certain that another vehicle is not planning to move into the same space Important rules about changing lanes: • Check the side and rear-view mirrors; • Check over your shoulder to be certain the blind spot is clear; • Signal your intended movement in advance; and • Proceed with changing lanes

no points for conviction

Overload; • Overlength; • Overwidth; • Overheight; • Illegal parking; • Carrying concealed weapon; • Improper plates; • Improper registration; • Improper muffler; • Improper display of license plates or dealer's tags; • Unlawful display of emblems and insignia • Failure to display a current inspection certificate

interstates

Plan your trip in advance; • Be sure to check the vehicle's water, oil, tires and gas before leaving on your trip; • Decide in advance where you must enter and exit the highway; • When entering the interstate, use the acceleration lane until your vehicle's speed matches that of the other traffic and then merge safely; • Keep to the right, use the left lane(s) for passing; • Do not tailgate. Keep a safe following distance for the speed you are traveling — one of the most frequent types of crashes on an interstate highway is the rear-end crash — use the "two-second rule"; • Remember that faster speeds require greater stopping distances and times; • Stop at indicated rest areas frequently, preferably at least once every 100 miles; • Never stop in the travel lane; • If a vehicle breakdown forces you to stop, move far off the road. Tie a white cloth on the radio aerial or left-door handle and raise the hood. If the breakdown occurs at night, engage the vehicle's emergency flashers or parking lights. If you are a driver who spots a vehicle breakdown, immediately contact the N.C. State Highway Patrol or local law enforcement; and • When leaving the highway, signal your turn well in advance, and without slowing down, enter the deceleration lane. Proceed at the posted exit speed limit.

rain

Rain reduces visibility and makes pavement dangerous. You may be able to see only a few feet ahead; therefore, you should drive more slowly than usual, and you must use your headlights and windshield wipers. Stopping distances on slippery pavement increases from two to 10 times farther than on dry pavement; therefore, slow down and allow yourself at least twice the normal following distance. Roads are more dangerous just after rain has begun to fall, especially if it has not rained for a while. For the first 10 to 15 minutes, rain combines with oil from asphalt and vehicles, and with dirt, dust and rubber to create a slick surface. You should drive with extreme caution. Drive at least five to 10 miles per hour slower on wet pavement than you would on dry pavement. You must also be prepared if your vehicle hydroplanes.

driving in work zone

Recognize that when you see black-on-orange signs, you are about to enter a work zone and should STAY ALERT. • Advance work zone signs may require you to take some action like shifting your vehicle to another lane. • When you are required to take action, black-on-orange signs will convey the message far in advance, so you will have enough time to take the action. • Do not wait until the last minute to take action — the signs provide sufficient time for the driver to react without impeding traffic. Driving slower than the surrounding traffic is a major cause of rear-end crashes in work zones. In the work zone, driving areas may be confined, and there may be no maneuvering space or escape route for vehicles that unexpectedly approach a slow-moving vehicle ahead. Traffic control devices such as barricades, cones, drums, flaggers, etc. are used in work zones to guide and direct drivers safely through the area.

backing

Rules to follow when backing your vehicle: 1. Before entering your vehicle, check behind it for small objects or children — once you are in the driver's seat, it is hard to see them; 2. To maintain a full view of what is behind the vehicle, steer with your left hand and look over your right shoulder through the back window — do not depend on mirrors alone or looking through the side window; 3. Back very slowly, not more than 10 mph — your vehicle is harder to control and to stop when it is backing.

open road

Rural highways can be narrow two-lane roads or multi-lane highways. Driving on rural roads is often more dangerous than driving in heavy city traffic because: • The road may not be as wide; • The lighting is often not as good; and/or • The travel speeds may be higher. • Stay alert for drivers who might be driving slower than the posted speed limit.

brake failure

Shift into a lower gear, release the clutch pedal (for manual transmissions) and apply the emergency brake. If you must drive during fog: • Turn on the low beam headlights; • Reduce your driving speed and be alert for tail lights of the vehicle in front of you; and • Watch for the vehicles behind you. When you are starting or stopping on snowy or icy roads: • Increase your speed slowly; • Get the "feel of the road" by testing your steering control and the braking friction; • Start to move in second gear or higher and release the clutch slowly (for manual shifts); • Allow at least three times the normal stopping distance to slow down; • (When you stop) keep your foot off the brake and let the engine slow the vehicle; and • Maintain extra distance between yourself and the vehicle in front of you. Chapter 4 — Your Driving 71 • If the vehicle is equipped with automatic transmission, apply the emergency brake and move the gear control lever into the low-range position. Using the emergency brake in this manner could cause damage to it and the transmission, but under the circumstances of brake failure there is no better choice.

warning signs

The eight-sided (or octagon) sign is the stop sign. The word "STOP" is printed in white on a red background. The octagonal shape is used for stop signs only. The stop sign is usually posted six to 50 feet from the intersection. When you approach this sign, the law requires you to come to a FULL stop. Do not proceed to move again until you are sure the way is clear. When a stop sign, traffic light, flashing light or other trafficcontrol device requires a vehicle to stop at an intersection, the driver must stop at the appropriately marked stop line. If there is no stop line or marked crosswalk, the driver must stop before entering the intersection where he/she has a view of the intersecting street. The yield sign is triangular shaped with the point at the bottom. This sign is red and white with the word "YIELD" in large letters at the top. When you approach the yield sign, you must slow down and yield the right of way. Your need to stop depends on the traffic on the intersecting street. To avoid interfering with that traffic, you must stop and wait for it to pass. Rectangular and square-shaped signs, which are normally black and white or red and white, are also used to show speed limits and other regulations. These signs will also have messages such as "NO U-TURN" or "KEEP RIGHT EXCEPT TO PASS." Failure to obey these signs is unsafe as well as a violation of the traffic laws. The handicap parking sign indicates that a space is reserved for persons who qualify for and are displaying a handicap license plate or a dashboard placard.

flashign signals

The flashing red signal has the same meaning as the stop sign: stop and do not proceed to move until you can enter the intersection without interfering with approaching traffic. The flashing yellow signal ha

what to do afrer crash

The law protects persons who stop and render aid at the scene of an accident from civil liability except for intentional wrongdoing or unruly conduct. Chapter 4 — Your Driving If you find yourself in a skid: • Ease your foot off the accelerator; • Turn the steering wheel in the direction the rear of the vehicle is skidding; and • As soon as the vehicle's path begins to straighten, turn the steering wheel back the other way so you will not over-steer. 74 You are required by law to make an immediate report to the nearest law enforcement officer or agency of any crash when any person is killed or injured or the total damage to vehicles and other property appears to amount to $1,000 or more. Failure to make the report may result in prosecution, and your driver license could be suspended. You should also report any crash to your insurance company. In certain cases, North Carolina law also requires the driver of a vehicle involved in a reportable crash to provide proof of financial responsibility (liability insurance) on forms provided by the Division of Motor Vehicles. These forms must be completed and filed with DMV. Three things you must do if involved in a crash: • Provide your name, address, driver license number, vehicle registration number and the name of your vehicle insurance company; • Be sure to obtain the same information from others who were involved in the crash; and • If you do not know the occupants of the other vehicle or the owner of damaged property, write down all the information you can gather and give it to the nearest law enforcement officer.

night driving

The law requires use of headlights from sunset to sunrise and when visibility is 400 feet or less. When you drive at night in a city, use low-beam headlights. On the open road, use high-beam headlights unless you are approaching or following another vehicle. Chapter 4 — Your Driving 68 Night driving is more dangerous than daytime driving because: • You cannot see as well; • There are more impaired drivers on the road; • Drivers tend to be tired and less alert; • A driver can be blinded by the headlights of oncoming vehicles; and • Dirty windshields and poor lights can cause problems for some drivers. Tips for nighttime driving: • When an approaching vehicle does not dim its headlights, you can remind the driver by blinking your high beams once; • If the driver still does not dim the lights, keep your lights on low beam; • Stay on the right side of the road and use the edge of the road as a guide; • Reduce speed and watch the road as far ahead as possible, looking slightly to the right so you will not be looking directly into the headlights of oncoming traffic; • Never drive at a speed at which you cannot stop within the distance you can see on the road ahead; and • Keep a lookout at all times — bright headlights from another vehicle make it difficult to see beyond their source. • When parking on or along a highway, turn on your emergency flashers; • Never leave your headlights on when you park at night — they can blind the drivers of oncoming vehicles.

left turns

The left-turn traffic signal head is designed to make it easier for drivers to know what to do when making a left turn. The traffic signal head will add a flashing yellow arrow. When the flashing yellow arrow is displayed, left turns are permitted but drivers must yield to oncoming traffic. Below is what this style left-turn traffic signal head looks like and what drivers should do as the light changes: New Left-Turn Traffic Signal Solid Red Arrow: Stop. No turns are allowed. Solid Yellow Arrow: Prepare to stop. Flashing Yellow Arrow: Left turns are allowed, but first they must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians. Solid Green Arrow: Left turns allowed, and they do not need to yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians. Proceed with caution.

officer pulling over

The officer will initiate a traffic stop by turning on the blue lights and/or siren. The officer is also gathering information from your vehicle's license tag and checking the area for a safe place to conduct the traffic stop. • The officer will approach your vehicle and will identify himself or herself, his or her agency and the reason for the traffic stop. Many times the officer will ask if you have any reason for committing the traffic violation. • The officer will ask for your drivers license and the vehicle registration. If the information from your drivers license and the vehicle information does not match, you may be asked a series of questions. • It is the goal of law enforcement to protect the public and conduct traffic stops in a manner that protects the safety of everyone involved. Your cooperation with law enforcement is the best way to ensure that your safety, and that of others, is not compromised during the stop

regulatory signs

The pennant-shaped yellow warning sign emphasizes, rather than replaces, the rectangular regulatory "DO NOT PASS" sign. The pennant is located on the left side of the road and points to the beginning of the no-passing zone (solid yellow line in your lane). Diamond-shaped signs are also caution or warning signs. They are normally black on yellow, but when they are black on orange, they warn of conditions for construction or maintenance areas. When you see one of these signs, drive with extra care. One of the most important caution signs is the "STOP AHEAD" sign. It is placed far ahead of a stop sign when the driver's view of the stop sign is blocked by a curve or other objects. Diamond-shaped caution or warning signs that are orange with black messages warn about construction or maintenance areas. Highway work zones are covered in more detail in Chapter 4 — Your Driving. Samples of caution or warning signs A circular sign, with a black cross and the black letters "RR" on a yellow background, gives advance warning of a railroad crossing. When you see this sign, slow down. Stop if necessary to be sure you can safely clear the crossing. At the railroad crossing itself is the railroad crossing crossbuck sign. The words "RAILROAD CROSSING" are printed in black on the white crosspieces. If there are multiple tracks at the crossing, they are shown on a sign below the crossbuck. You must stop at a railroad crossing whenever a flagman, signal or gate indicates an approaching train. You must remain stopped until the gate lifts or the signal or flagman indicates that it is safe to proceed. Take the time to check twice in each direction before crossing a railroad track. Chapter 5 — Signals and Signs 80 Railroad Emergency Notification System sign An example of the railroad Emergency Notification Sign is depicted in the red circle on the illustration below. The five-sided (or pentagon) sign warns of a school zone or a school crossing. You should be especially watchful for children in these areas. In many school zones, the speed limit is reduced during certain school hours.

traffic signs

The traffic signal is used to control traffic and pedestrians at some intersections and mid-block crosswalks. • A circular green signal means "go," but left turning traffic is "unprotected" and must yield the right of way to oncoming traffic. • A circular yellow signal means "caution" and indicates that the signal is about to turn red. Stop for a yellow signal unless you are too close to the intersection to stop safely — in that case, drive cautiously through the intersection. Never speed up for a yellow signal to "beat" the red signal. • A steady red circular signal means "STOP." Unless there is a sign indicating "NO TURN ON RED," a right turn can be made after coming to a complete stop. All vehicles turning right shall yield the right of way to other traffic and pedestrians using the intersection and to pedestrians in reasonably close proximity to the intersection and who are starting to cross in front of the traffic that is required to stop at the red light. Failure to yield to a pedestrian under these circumstances will result in a penalty of not more than $500 and not less than $100. .

hand signals

To signal a left turn, hold the arm and hand straight out and point the first finger. • To signal a right turn, hold the arm straight out and the forearm and hand straight up, palm facing forward. • To signal stopping and slowing down, point the arm and hand down, palm facing back. Signal with hand or indicaor at least the last 100 feet before turning or stopping. If the speed limit is 45 mph or more, signal at least the last 200 feet before turning. The faster you are driving, the farther ahead you should signal

The DMV can also suspend your license for the following:

Two convictions of speeding over 55 mph within a period of 12 months; One conviction of speeding over 55 mph and one conviction of reckless driving within a year A conviction of willful racing with another motor vehicle, whether it is prearranged or unplanned; A suspended court sentence or part of a sentence mandating that you must not operate a motor vehicle for a specified period of time; and/or • A conviction for speeding over 75 mph, in certain cases

school bus rules

Two-lane roadway: When school bus stops for passengers, all traffic from both directions must stop. Two-lane roadway with a center turning lane: When school bus stops for passengers, all traffic from both directions must stop. Four-lane roadway without a median separation: When school bus stops for passengers, all traffic from both directions must stop. Divided highway of four lanes or more with a median separation: When school bus stops for passengers, only traffic following the bus must stop. Roadway of four lanes or more with a center turning lane: When school bus stops for passengers, only traffic following the bus must stop

trafifc officers

Under special circumstances, an officer may be directing the flow of traffic. If so, obey the officer's hand signals instead of the normal traffic signals or signs. Most traffic officers signal drivers to stop by holding up one hand with the palm facing the vehicle and giving a long blast on the whistle. The officer signals drivers to start or to keep moving by motioning with the hand and giving a series of short blasts on the whistle. At night, the traffic officer may signal by using a flashlight.

emergency warning

Vehicles are equipped with an emergency warning device that flashes all four turn signal lights. These flashers can be used as a warning by any vehicle to signal other drivers of a possible danger or that a vehicle is stopped or disabled.

scanning

What you see is important for defensive driving. • Good drivers try to see 10 to 15 seconds ahead on the roadway (about one city block). By looking ahead, you might avoid last minute moves such as sudden stops or quick lane changes. • About every 10 seconds check the mirrors to see if any vehicle is following too closely. Driving involves two important types of skills: • Skills that enable the driver to drive defensively and to avoid a crash in spite of driving errors by others; and • Skills for the basic rules about turning, passing, backing and parking the vehicle • When changing lanes, backing, slowing down or driving down a long hill, it is important to check for traffic from behind the car and in your blind spots. • While checking the mirrors, do not take your eyes off the road for more than an instant. The vehicle in front of you could stop suddenly. • Always leave yourself an "out." Although mirrors are useful, you should remember they do not show the full picture. Mirrors leave "blind" spots in your field of vision. "Blind" spots are the areas near the left and right rear corners of the vehicle that you cannot see using the mirrors from the driver's perspective. Therefore, before you make any lane changes or turns, quickly turn your head and look over your shoulder to see what is in the blind spot. Additional blind spots can be created by glaring lights, dirty windshields, vehicles parked too closely to an intersection, bushes and/or buildings. In these cases, ease your vehicle forward until you can see clearly. Avoid driving in other drivers' blind spots where it is more difficult for them to see you.

breakdown

What you should do if your vehicle breaks down: • Exit the main part of the road — move the vehicle completely onto the shoulder of the road; • Make sure you leave the vehicle by the passenger side, and do not allow passengers to remain in the vehicle; • Stand off the road and away from the vehicle — do not stand in front or to the rear of the vehicle; • If you need help, tie a white cloth to the left door handle or the radio aerial and raise the hood of the vehicle; and • If it's dark, turn on the parking lights or emergency flashers. Always have flashlights or flares in your vehicle for emergencies.

bike lanes

When a bicycle lane or bike path travels on or adjacent to the roadway, please pay special attention to bicyclists as you approach and move through an intersection. Because bicyclists ride to the right of motor vehicle traffic, the potential exists for a crash between the bicyclist who is moving straight ahead through the intersection and the motorist who is turning right.

Failure to Appear and/or to Pay a Fine

When the division receives notification that you failed to appear in court or pay court fines for a citation received in North Carolina or another state, you will be notified of the effective date of the revocation if not paid prior to the date indicated on the correspondence. The revocation will remain in effect until the division is notified by the court that the citation or fine has been complied with and may result in you having to pay appropriate fees to DMV to obtain a duplicate license. Complying with the citation does not relieve you of the consequences for the actual offense if convicted.

intersefction right of way

When you approach an intersection with a stop sign, you must come to a complete stop and yield to the traffic on the through-street. Do not move ahead or turn until you can proceed safely. A single-point interchange compresses two intersections into a single intersection over or under a free-flowing road. Through traffic and traffic turning left onto or off the interchange, is controlled by a single set of traffic signals. The traffic signals are located at the center or top of the interchange and allow vehicles to clear the intersection more quickly. These interchanges help move large volumes of traffic through limited amounts of space safely and efficiently. Drive with caution at intersections with traffic signals and wait until the signal permits you to turn or to move straight ahead. When exiting a private driveway, stop and yield to all other vehicles and pedestrians. At unmarked intersections where it is hard to see in all directions, stop and then move forward slowly and cautiously

driver and pedestrian

When you are driving, always yield right of way to pedestrians: -At intersections without traffic signals, pedestrians have the right of way if they are in marked crosswalks or in unmarked crosswalks formed by imaginary lines extending from the sidewalks across the streets; -At intersections controlled by ordinary traffic signals, pedestrians must obey the same signals as drivers traveling in the same direction. Pedestrians should not start to cross during a red or yellow signal; -When crossing with a green signal, pedestrians have the right of way over all vehicles, including those turning across the paths of the pedestrians; and -If a traffic signal changes to yellow or red while any pedestrian remains in the street, drivers must allow the pedestrian to complete the crossing safely. - The law gives a blind pedestrian special consideration at an intersection where there are no traffic signals when the pedestrian extends a white cane, or a white cane with a red tip or has a guide dog. -At some intersections, special signals instruct pedestrians either to "Walk" or "Don't Walk". When these signals are operating, pedestrians must obey them rather than regular traffic signals. -Pedestrians crossing with special pedestrian signals have the right of way just as they do while crossing with a green light. -If you are moving through an intersection with a green signal and a pedestrian starts to cross in your path against the red signal, give a warning with your horn. -The law requires drivers to use the horn whenever a pedestrian may be affected by a turn, stop or start from a parked position. If the pedestrian does not stop, the driver must. Saving a pedestrian's life is always worth the driver's lost right of way. The safe driver yields right of way to a pedestrian whether the pedestrian is entitled to it or not.

pavement markings

Yellow lines separate travel lanes moving in opposite directions. White lines separate travel lanes moving in the same direction. A yellow skipped or broken line is used as the center line on a two-lane, two-way road where passing with care is permitted in both directions. When continuous, double, solid, yellow lines are the center lines, you cannot cross them to pass in either direction. On a two-lane road, passing with care is permitted if the skipped-yellow line is in your lane. Single, solid, white lines are used as right-edge lines along the roadway and for guiding traffic traveling in the same direction. Single, solid, yellow lines are used as left-edge lines on divided highways. If you see the reverse, you are traveling in the wrong direction. On certain multi-lane highways, a special center lane is reserved exclusively for two-way left-turn movements in both directions. The two-way left-turn lane must not be used for passing another vehicle or for the purpose of merging into traffic. The marking for this type of lane is shown by the diagram below. White and yellow pavement "markers" are reflective devices used in the pavement to improve the visibility of marking lines at night when the road is wet. Red markers indicate wrong-way movements for motorists. In some areas, blue reflective pavement markers on roadways indicate the location of nearby fire hydrants or water supplies for fire-fighting units.

wet brakes

You can help to dry the brakes by: • Driving a short distance; and • Applying light pressure to the brake pedal. The heat generated by the friction of the brakes will evaporate the water from the brake linings. To prevent excessive wear on brakes when moving down a long hill or steep grade, use a lower gear instead of the brake pedal to control speed. It is best to shift to the lower gear at the top of the hill before you descend.

insurance points

Your driving privilege will be revoked for at least 30 days if you are convicted of:, Driving any vehicle more than 15 miles per hour over the speed limit, if you are driving at a speed higher than 55 mph. It will be taken for 60 days if you are convicted of: • A second charge of speeding over 55 mph and more than 15 mph above the speed limit within one year; or • Speeding plus reckless driving on the same occasion.

snow/icy roads start and stop

• Increase your speed slowly; • Get the "feel of the road" by testing your steering control and the braking friction; • Start to move in second gear or higher and release the clutch slowly (for manual shifts); • Allow at least three times the normal stopping distance to slow down; • (When you stop) keep your foot off the brake and let the engine slow the vehicle; and • Maintain extra distance between yourself and the vehicle in front of you.

lights

• When you engage the high-beam headlights at night, you should be able to see a person who is 200 feet away. When using the low-beam headlights, you should be able to see someone who is 75 feet away. • When headlights are improperly adjusted, they can shine in the eyes of approaching drivers, bicyclists and pedestrians. Vehicle vibration can cause the headlights to become out of adjustment. • It is a good practice to routinely check and adjust the headlights. • Overloading the rear of your vehicle may cause the front of your vehicle to tilt and produce an uncomfortable and sometimes hazardous headlight glare for oncoming drivers, bicyclists and pedestrians. • Taillights must be red in color and visible for at least 500 feet. • The law requires a white light shining on the license plate to make the numbers visible for at least 50 feet. • All motor vehicles produced since 1955 must have red or amber lights that engage when the brakes or turn signals are used — these lights may be combined with the taillights or may be separated, and they must be visible for at least 100 feet in normal daylight. • Because hand signals are difficult to see at night, it is important that a vehicle's lights have clean lenses and stay in proper working order.