Drugs and Behavior Quiz 3

_________ are defined as the drugs that are inactive until acted on by enzymes in the body

Prodrugs

When the use of a drug interferes with normal behavior, experienced users may learn to compensate and show less impairment than new users. This is an example of

behavoral tolerance

Alcohol has a low tendency, but tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) has a high tendency to

bind to blood proteins

Regardless of the route of administration, psychoactive drugs reach the brain tissue by way of the_________.

bloodstream

The_________ of a drug specifies a particular formulation and manufacturer, and the trademark belongs to that manufacturer.

brand

The group of psychoactive drugs called stimulants includes

cocaine

Among the psychoactive drugs, alcohol can be classified as a(n)_________.

depressant

When neither the person taking the drug nor the person evaluating the effects of the drug knows which people are getting the experimental drug and which people are getting the placebo, this procedure is referred to as a(n)_________.

double-blind procedure

A drug's generic name can only be used by one company.

false

Because the effects of stimulants and depressants counteract each other, taking these drugs in combination does not produce intoxication.

false

Most psychoactive drugs are taken orally go directly from the stomach to the brain.

false

The time course of a drug's action depends on

how the drug is administered how the drug is eliminated from the body how rapidly the drug is absorbed

Of the following routes of administration, which will produce fastest onset of effects?

inhalation

If you want to get very high concentrations of cocaine into the bloodstream very rapidly, which route of administration would you probably use?

intravenous injection

The tendency of a chemical to dissolve in fat, as opposed to in water, is known as_________.

lipid solubility

Richard is a researcher in a pharmaceutical company. His company develops a new drug to treat chronic joint pain in humans. He wants to check the effect of this drug on a group of elderly people. He divides the group into an experimental group and a control group. He gives the new drug to the experimental group, while he gives a noneffective look-alike drug to the control group. Both groups give the same result. Identify the effect felt by the control group, despite not taking the drug.

placebo effect

Which of the following terms is defined as the dosage difference between an acceptable level of effectiveness and the lowest toxic dose?

safety margin

With increasing doses of any useful drug, there is usually an increase in the number and severity of

side effects

After oral administration, most absorption of the drug molecules takes place in the

small intestine

Which of the following categories of drugs produce wakefulness at low to moderate doses and a manic state of excitement at high doses?

stimulant drugs

The potency of a drug is defined in terms of

the AMOUNT required to produce an effect

Concussions and cerebral infections can decrease the effectiveness of

the blood-brain barrier

Caffeine and cocaine are both considered to be stimulant drugs.

true

For many psychoactive drugs, such as nicotine and cocaine, the fastest way to get an effect is by inhaling the drug's vapors.

true

For most therapeutic effects, there is a maximum effect, and increasing the dose more just increases the number and severity of side effects.

true

The therapeutic index (TI) should always be greater than 1 because the lethal dose should be larger than the effective dose.

true

_________ are a group of analgesic (painkilling) drugs that produce a relaxed, dreamlike state; and moderately high doses given to people who are nontolerant often induce sleep.

Opiods