Dyssomnia and Parasomnia

sleep-onset insomnia

(a.k.a initial insomnia) used to refer specifically to the sleep disorder involving persistent difficulty falling asleep at the usual sleep time - most common type- often have no problem sleeping once asleep - Sleep-onset insomnia is distinguished from sleep maintenance insomnia which involves difficulty staying asleep

common types of insomnia

- insomnia - hard to fall or stay asleep - circadian rhythm phase disorders (sleep-wake cycle shift in adolescence, jet lag or shift-work)

secondary sleep parasomnia

CNS: seizures, headaches Cardiopulmonary: sleep-related arrhythmias, nocturnal asthma, sleep apnea Gastrointestinal: acid reflux, painful contractions of oesophagus

Primary sleep parasomnia

NREM parasomnias: sleep terrors, sleep walking, sleep starts, sleep drunkenness REM parasomnias: dream anxiety attack, hallucinations, REM sleep behaviour disorder non-specific: bruxism, enuresis, rhythmic movement disorders, sleep talking

sleep onset insomnia effect on sleep wake cycle

Significant disruptions of the sleep-wake cycle and its regulation Sleep onset occurs much later than desired and sleep is nonrestorative - the more the person tries to sleep, the more frustration and anxiety build up and impair sleep onset

Parasomnias

are sleep disorders characterised by the occurrence of inappropriate physiological and/or psychological activity during sleep or sleep-to-wake transitions may occur in specific sleep stages or stages, or during the transitional stages of sleep specific events that occur predominately during a sleep episode, such as abnormal motor activity, behaviours, emotions, perceptions, ANS functioning

Sleep walking

called somnambulism, involves getting up from the bed and walking about or performing other behaviours while asleep A sleep walking episode may involve different activities varying in type, complexity and duration.

sleep walking characteristics

engage in activities that are routine and of low complexity eyes are usually open but have a blank stare episodes may occur up to 3 or 4 times a week and generally last only a few minutes each

Insomnia

sleep disorder that typically involves persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep dissatisfaction with the quantity or quality of sleep sleep complaints are accompanied by a significant degree of personal distress or functional impairment when awake

Dyssomnias

sleep disorders that produce difficulty in initiating, maintaining and/or timing sleep results in problems with: - falling asleep - staying asleep - excessive sleepiness

Sleep walking effects on the sleep wake cycle

sleep walker may not be able to quickly go back to sleep after a sudden awakening a loss of deep sleep whereby the sleep episode becomes fragmented likely to result in a sleep episode that is not as restful as normal, which will probably make the individual more tired than usual during the day. 45% of sleep walkers experience daytime sleepiness adolescent sleep walkers experienced daytime fatigue but tended to more easily mask their tiredness and sleepiness.