E4 Chapter 24: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature Regulation: Matching-T/F-Fill in the Blank

10) Occurs in the cytosol of a cell. A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

A

15) Storage of glucose in the form of glycogen. A) glycogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) glycolysis D) gluconeogenesis

A

18) Splitting of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. A) lipolysis B) beta oxidation C) lipogenesis D) ketogenesis

A

8) Glucose serves as the initial reactant. A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

A

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 7) Involves sugar activation, sugar cleavage, and oxidation and ATP formation.

A

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 1) Ten-step enzymatically driven process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid.

A

11) Produces the most ATP. A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

B

12) Involves the use of oxygen to pick up excess hydrogen and electrons. A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

B

13) Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose. A) glycogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) glycolysis D) gluconeogenesis

B

19) Conversion of fatty acids into acetyl groups. A) lipolysis B) beta oxidation C) lipogenesis D) ketogenesis

B

9) Involves the removal of hydrogen electrons and CO2 from the substrate molecule. A) Glycolysis B) Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

B

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 3) Produces the CO2 involved during glucose oxidation

B

16) Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid A) glycogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) glycolysis D) gluconeogenesis

C

17) Synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids. A) lipolysis B) beta oxidation C) lipogenesis D) ketogenesis

C

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 4) Where the hydrogens removed during the oxidation of food fuels are combined with O2.

C

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 5) Contains ATP synthases, small rotary motors.

C

14) Formation of glucose from proteins or fats. A) glycogenesis B) glycogenolysis C) glycolysis D) gluconeogenesis

D

20) Formation of ketone bodies. A) lipolysis B) beta oxidation C) lipogenesis D) ketogenesis

D

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 2) Occurs via substrate-level phosphorylation

D

Using Figure 24.1, match the following: 6) ATP formed by oxidative phosphorylation.

E

T/F: 1) Beta oxidation is the initial phase of fatty acid oxidation, and it occurs in the cytoplasm.

FALSE

T/F: 10) Cellular respiration is an anabolic process.

FALSE

T/F: 11) Glycolysis is a series of six chemical steps, most of which take place in the mitochondria.

FALSE

T/F: 13) All athletes require diets high in protein and calories in order to perform and to maintain their muscle mass.

FALSE

T/F: 15) Including the ATP from glycolysis, the cell gains 34 ATP molecules from aerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule.

FALSE

T/F: 16) The body requires adequate supplies of only three minerals (calcium, sodium, chloride) and trace amounts of all others.

FALSE

T/F: 17) Processes that break down complex molecules into simpler ones are anabolic.

FALSE

T/F: 20) Normal body temperature range is 98.6-100°F, regardless of external temperature.

FALSE

T/F: 21) A deficit of potassium can cause rickets.

FALSE

T/F: 23) The body's thermoregulatory centers are located in the thalamus.

FALSE

T/F: 26) Diets high in cholesterol and saturated fats tend to produce high HDL concentrations.

FALSE

T/F: 3) Except for lactose and some glycogen, the carbohydrates we ingest are mainly from animals.

FALSE

T/F: 4) The term essential nutrient refers to the chemicals that can be interconverted in the liver so that the body can maintain life and good health.

FALSE

T/F: 6) There are no complete proteins. All animal products should be eaten with plant material to make a complete protein.

FALSE

T/F: 7) The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids equals the amount excreted in urine.

FALSE

T/F: 9) Vitamins are inorganic compounds that are essential for growth and good health.

FALSE

T/F: 12) Glycogenesis begins when ATP levels are high, and glucose entering cells is phosphorylated to glucose-6-phosphate and converted to its isomer, glucose-1-phosphate.

TRUE

T/F: 14) In order for amino acids to be oxidized for energy, the amine group (NH2) must be removed.

TRUE

T/F: 18) For use as fuel, all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to glucose.

TRUE

T/F: 19) Triglycerides and cholesterol do not circulate freely in the bloodstream.

TRUE

T/F: 2) The increased use of noncarbohydrate molecules for energy to conserve glucose is called glucose sparing.

TRUE

T/F: 22) It would not be healthy to eliminate all fats from your diet because they serve a useful purpose in maintaining the body.

TRUE

T/F: 24) Carbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first beconverted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways.

TRUE

T/F: 25) High levels of HDLs are considered good.

TRUE

T/F: 27) Ghrelin, produced by the stomach, is a powerful appetite stimulant.

TRUE

T/F: 28) Peptides called NPY and AgRP are powerful appetite enhancers.

TRUE

T/F: 29) The primary function of carbohydrates is energy production within cells.

TRUE

T/F: 5) The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides.

TRUE

T/F: 8) The amount of protein needed by each person is determined by the age, size, and metabolic rate of the person.

TRUE

2) Which nutritional state constitutes the period during and shortly after eating when nutrients are flushing into the bloodstream from the GI tract?

absorptive

5) The enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions by removing hydrogen are specifically called ________.

dehydrogenases

4) ________ is controlled hyperthermia.

fever

6) The process of splitting glucose through a series of steps that produces two pyruvic acid molecules is called ________.

glycolysis

7) In the Krebs cycle, citric acid is followed by ________ acid.

isocitric

3) Fat burning causes an accumulation of acetyl CoA, which the liver converts to ________.

ketones

1) The Krebs cycle produces ________ ATP molecules per glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation.

two