EAPROF 3RD QUARTER

combining words to form a new one

Blending

NOTE-TAKING STRATEGIES

DIRECT QUOTING, PARAPHRASING, SUMMARIZING

DOI

Digital Object Identifier

Omitting unimportant details with the use of three successive dots.

Ellipsis

Changing a verb or other word into a noun is called

nominalization.

Set uniform margins of at least __ in. (____ cm) on the top, bottom, left, and right of every page.

1 in. (2.54 cm)

APA

American Psychological Association

ASPECTS OF ACADEMIC WRITING

FORMALITY, OBJECTIVITY, HEDGING, STRUCTURE

4 WAYS TO AVOID PLAGIARISM

1. Acknowledge Sources 2. Know Various Citation Styles 3. Develop Effective Study Habits 4. Use note-taking techniques

7 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

1. The Ghost Writer 2. The Potluck Paper 3. The Poor Disguise 4. The Self-Stealer 5. The Forgotten Footnote 6. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase 7. The Resourceful Citer

SOCIAL MEDIA Three Ways to Cite Social Media There are three main ways to cite social media content in an APA Style paper:

1. generally with a URL, 2. as a personal communication, and 3. with a typical APA Style in-text citation and reference list entry.

is a string of numbers, letters and symbols used to permanently identify an article or document and link to it on the web. A ___ will help your reader easily locate a document from your citation.

A DOI, or Digital Object Identifier,

It follows certain rules and conventions of writing. It is a form of writing primarily aimed to allow writers to write ideas objectively. It analyzes the writing situation and go through the writing process to communicate ideas effectively.

Academic Writing

shortening a word

Clipping

It involves putting a relevant phrase in quotation marks to signify that it has been lifted verbatim (word-for-word) from the original source. Avoid block quoting (40 words or more). Ellipsis - Omitting unimportant details with the use of three successive dots. Interpolation - Substituting a term within a bracket to make it more familiar or easy to understand.

DIRECT QUOTING

It is an aspect of academic writing that practice caution to show high level of credibility by tending to suggest rather than imposing.

HEDGING

Centered, Bold, Title Case Capitalization*

Heading 1

Left-Aligned, Bold, Title Case Capitalization*

Heading 2

is commonly known as the 'copy-paste' technique. is to use other person's ideas, words, or works without proper acknowledgment of the source. is changing only few words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit.

PLAGIARISM

It is an aspect of academic writing that follows the organized format in expressing ideas. It is usually used to avoid redundancy and wordiness.

STRUCTURE

It involves understanding a text and restating it in a much shorter form by using your own words and interpretation. A good summary should be a third of the original source and focuses on the main idea.

SUMMARIZING

The one who commits his type of plagiarism submits other person's work verbatim (word-for-word), without acknowledging the source.

THE GHOST WRITER

The writer cites all sources, paraphrases and summarizes ideas but the output contains almost no original idea of insight.

THE RESOURCEFUL CITER

These strategies can save the researcher a lot of time in gathering, analyzing, and interpreting sources. These strategies are employed when you find reading materials that could potentially be cited.

USE NOTE-TAKING STRATEGIES

One of these is the Latin phrase ____ an abbreviation meaning "and others." It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.

et al.,

The title page includes five elements:

title, running head, author, byline, institutional affiliation, and author note

Formal written English uses nouns more than verbs. For example, "judgement" rather than "judge", "development" rather than "develop", "admiration" rather than "admire".

NOMINALIZATION

STRUCTURE

NOMINALIZATION, PASSIVIZATION

HEDGING Language used in hedging:

1.Introductory verbs: e.g. seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, doubt, be sure, indicate, suggest 2. Certain lexical verbs e.g. believe, assume, suggest 3. Certain modal verbs: e.g. will, must, would, may, might, could 4. Adverbs of frequency e.g. often, sometimes, usually 5.Modal adverbs e.g. certainly, definitely, clearly, probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably 6. Modal adjectives e.g. certain, definite, clear, probable, possible 7. Modal nouns e.g. assumption, possibility, probability 8. That clauses e.g. It could be the case that . e.g. It might be suggested that . e.g. There is every hope that . 9.To-clause + adjective e.g. It may be possible to obtain . e.g. It is important to develop . e.g. It is useful to study .

The APA formatting guidelines for each heading style are outlined in the table below. APA recommends using _____pt. _____ font for both the body text as the headings.

12pt. Times New Roman font

__________________ may include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each one.

A bibliography

Substituting a term within a bracket to make it more familiar or easy to understand.

Interpolation

The most basic way to avoid plagiarism is to give credit to the original source by citing the last name of the author/s and the year of publication i.e. (Santos, 2016)

ACKNOWLEDGE SOURCES

was first developed in 1929 by a group of social scientists who wished to establish sound standards of communication. Since that time, it has been adopted by leaders in many fields and has been used by writers around the world.

APA Style

MLA

Modern Language Association

combining words with the use of apostrophe

Contraction

One alarming reason why students plagiarize is the lack of time management which then results to procrastination. In haste, tend to intentionally forget to note down copyright and reference details of the sources.

EFFECTIVE STUDY HABITS

It is an aspect of academic writing that refers to the tone of words used. This means that the written output adheres to the set of standards acceptable in academic and professional community.

FORMALITY

FORMALITY 3. Avoiding Wordy Expressions Resist the urge to use longer, fancier expressions when a shorter word or phrase will do.

FORMALITY • Avoiding Wordy Expressions at the present time as of this writing at the time of publication at the current time at this point in time Replace with: now, currently

It is often believed that academic writing, particularly scientific writing, is factual, simply to convey facts and information. However it is now recognized that an important feature of academic writing is the concept of cautious language, often called "______" or "vague language". In other words, it is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making. Different subjects prefer to do this in different ways.

HEDGING

Indented, bold, sentence case capitalization,** a final period. The body text begins immediately after the period.

Heading 3

Indented, bold, italics, sentence case capitalization,** a final period. The body text begins immediately after the period.

Heading 4

Indented, italics, sentence case capitalization,** a final period. The body text begins immediately after the point.

Heading 5

the American Psychological Association (APA) introduced the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual,

In October 2019,

Academic institutions and instructors define the required citation style for written requirements. Some of it are: APA - American Psychological Association MLA - Modern Language Association Chicago Style - by Chicago Unity Press

KNOW THE CITATION STYLES

It is an aspect of academic writing that avoids expressing personal opinions about the subject matter and resorts to facts in presenting evidence.

OBJECTIVITY

This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you. This is related to the basic nature of academic study and academic writing, in particular. Nobody really wants to know what you "think" or "believe". They want to know what you have studied and learned and how this has led you to your various conclusions. The thoughts and beliefs should be based on your lectures, reading, discussion and research and it is important to make this clear.

OBJECTIVITY

It is a process of interpreting other writer's idea by stating them in your own words by changing significantly the word order and sentence structure. is a delicate process because you need to incorporate your own understanding without losing the original thought.

PARAPHRASING

When you use others' ideas in your paper, you should credit them with an in-text citation. Several different systems of citation are in use in various academic communities (such as footnotes and endnotes), but APA Style uses a kind of parenthetical referencing called the author-date system.

PURPOSE

a shortened title (no more than 50 characters, including spaces) that appears on every page. identifies the pages for the reader in case they get separated, and if you submit your paper for publication, it does this while preserving your anonymity during the review process (that is why the running head is a short title and not your name).

RUNNING HEAD

The writer cites the author's name but fail to include pertinent information on the location of the reference material which should be correctly organized in the references or bibliography pages.

THE FORGOTTEN FOOTNOTE

The writer has retained the major content of a single source and only slightly changed some words and phrases.

THE POOR DISGUISE

It appears to be a collage of ideas taken from various sources with very minimal or insignificant changes in the wording and sentence structure.

THE POTLUCK PAPER

The writer lifts the major parts and ideas from his/her previous work. This violate academic honesty because every academic institution expects its students to come up with novel ideas.

THE SELF-STEALER

The writer cites a source properly with the date of publication and page numbers, but fails to put quotation marks to mark ideas or phrase lifted word-for-word from the source.

THE TOO-PERFECT PARAPHRASE

includes five elements: title, running head, author, byline, institutional affiliation, and author note (which includes grant/funding information and a full correspondence address). The _____ page is numbered page 1. Instructors who require other information on the title page should supply students with examples of their preferred format.

TITLE PAGE

is located within, not below, the paper's margin.

The header

Chicago Style

by Chicago Unity Press

There are ___ levels of headings in APA Style.

five

which replaces the 6th edition published

in 2009.

In spoken English we often use a subject such as "people", "somebody", "they", "we", or "you" even when we do not know who the agent is. In formal English, particularly writing, we often prefer to use a

passive/ PASSIVIZATION

_____ consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper, listed alphabetically by author's surname.

reference list