EAPS 105: Homework 4

4.14. In Wikipedia, look up "Earth's internal heat budget", read the intro and then scroll down to "Heat flow and tectonic plates", and answer this question: What is the primary means with which bodies with lower internal heat, such as the Moon and Mars, get rid of their internal heat? A) Plate tectonics B) Conduction through a single lithospheric plate C) Volcanism

B) Conduction through a single lithospheric plate

4.15. In Wikipedia, look up "Mercury (planet)", read the intro and then scroll down to "Compressional features", and answer this question: What is the cause of compressional features on Mercury and the Moon? A) Plate tectonics B) Contraction of the surface due to cooling of the interior C) Volcanism

B) Contraction of the surface due to cooling of the interior

4.20. In Wikipedia, look up "Jupiter", read the intro and then scroll down to "magnetosphere", and answer this question: What layer in Jupiter does its magnetic field arise from? A) Its rock and ice core B) Its liquid metallic hydrogen layer C) Its liquid hydrogen layer D) Its gaseous hydrogen layer

B) Its liquid metallic hydrogen layer

4.9. In Wikipedia, look up "Lithosphere" and answer this question: What is lithosphere? A) A layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. B) The rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite C) The viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of the upper mantle.

B) The rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite

4.11. In Wikipedia, look up "Mantle convection" and answer this question: What is a mantle convection? A) Volcanism caused by the melting of hot mantle material. B) The very slow creeping motion of mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface. C) The motion of mantle current caused by the sinking of tectonic plates.

B) The very slow creeping motion of mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface.

4.3. In Wikipedia, look up "Earth's internal heat budget", read the intro and then scroll down to "Radiogenic heat", and answer this question: About what percent of the Earth's internal heat originates from radioactive decay? A) 10% B) 25% C) 50% D) 90%

C) 50%

4.6. In Wikipedia, look up "Thermal conduction" and answer this question: How is heat transferred though conduction? A) Through electromagnetic radiation B) By movement of fluids C) By microscopic collisions of particles within the body.

C) By microscopic collisions of particles within the body.

4.13. In Wikipedia, look up "Subduction" and answer this question: What is a subduction? A) It is where seafloor spreading takes place along a divergent plate boundary. B) It is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. C) It is where oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries. D) It is the transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin.

C) It is where oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.

4.17. In Wikipedia, look up "Earth's magnetic field" and answer this question: In what layer is Earth's magnetic field generated? A) The crust B) The mantle C) The liquid outer core D) The solid inner core

C) The liquid outer core

4.10. In Wikipedia, look up "Asthenosphere" and answer this question: What is asthenosphere? A) A layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. B) The rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite C) The viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of the upper mantle.

C) The viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of the upper mantle.

4.5. In Wikipedia, look up "Earth's internal heat budget", read the intro and then scroll down to "Heat flow and tectonic plates", and answer this question: What is the primary means with which bodies with high internal heat, such as Io, get rid of their internal heat? A) Plate tectonics B) Conduction through a single lithospheric plate C) Volcanism

C) Volcanism

4.4. In Wikipedia, look up "Tidal heating" and answer this question: Tidal heating occurs when gravitational forces cause a body like a moon to deform, which creates heat. This happens whenever something is deformed due to internal friction. However, for heat to be sustained, the moon must continually deform, like an accordion being played. What kind of orbit is required in order to induce sustained tidal heating? A) A circular orbit B) An elliptical orbit C) A parabolic orbit D) A hyperbolic orbit

B) An elliptical orbit

4.18. In Wikipedia, look up "Magnetosphere" and answer this question: What is a magnetosphere? A) The core of a planet where a magnetic field is generated. B) A region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field. C) A spherical magnetic that only has a single magnetic pole. D) A zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind, that are captured by and held around a planet by that planet's magnet field.

B) A region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are affected by that object's magnetic field.

4.8. In Wikipedia, look up "Mantle (geology)" and answer this question: What is a mantle? A) A layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust. B) The rigid, outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite C) The viscous, mechanically weak, and ductile region of the upper mantle.

A) A layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.

4.2. In Wikipedia, look up "Earth's internal heat budget", read the intro and then scroll down to "Primordial heat", and answer this question: What is primordial heat? A) Heat from the original formation of planet. B) Heat from the Big Bang. C) Heat from the Sun. D) Heat from radioactive decay.

A) Heat from the original formation of planet.

4.12. In Wikipedia, look up "Mid-ocean ridge" and answer this question: What is a mid-ocean ridge? A) It is where seafloor spreading takes place along a divergent plate boundary. B) It is a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal. C) It is where oceanic lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries. D) It is the transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin.

A) It is where seafloor spreading takes place along a divergent plate boundary.

4.19. In Wikipedia, look up "Aurora", read the intro and then scroll down to "Atmosphere", and answer this question: True or false: The northern and southern lights are caused by emission of photons in Earth's upper atmosphere from ionized (excited) nitrogen and oxygen atoms caused by the solar wind. A) True B) False

A) True

4.1. In Wikipedia, look up "Kelvin" and answer this question: The Kelvin scale is a temperature scale like the Celsius temperature scale (1 deg C = 1 deg K), but they are shifted from each other. Kelvin is the predominantly used for scientific purposes. What is the lowest theoretical temperature that can exist in the universe on the Kelvin scale? A) -273 K B) 0 K C) 100 K D) 273 K

B) 0 K

4.7. In Wikipedia, look up "Convection (heat transfer)" and answer this question: How is heat transferred through convection? A) Through electromagnetic radiation B) By movement of fluids C) By microscopic collisions of particles within the body.

B) By movement of fluids

4.16. In Wikipedia, look up "Dynamo theory" and answer this question: What is a dynamo? A) The process by which protoplanetary discs heat up due to friction between colliding dust particles. B) The process by which compression due to gravitational forces causes internal heating of large bodies. C) The process by which colliding planetesimals induces newly formed planets and moons to be hot inside. D) The process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.

D) The process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.