Early Americans
causeway
raised road made of packed earth
circumnavigate
to travel all the way around the Earth
Why is there uncertainty about the first explorers of America?
Before 1492, only the Vikings left detailed records of their exploration and interactions in the Americas.
The first cities developed because
Farmers were able to grow more food than they needed to survive
What was the main reason Columbus sailed to the Americas?
He wanted to find riches.
What caused the Portuguese to look for a route to Asia by way of Africa?
Italian and Middle Eastern merchants controlled all the Mediterranean routes.
How did the city of Mecca promote trade?
Muslim travel to the city spurred the spread of trade routes.
How did the crops of the Americas affect Europeans, Africans, and Asians?
Populations around the world increased from the change in diets.
Based on the text, how did Portugal have such a large influence on Europe's commerce?
Portugal supplied Europe with highly desired goods from many eastern regions.
What role did women have in the Iroquois tribe?
They chose clan leaders
What was a common belief among Native American tribes?
They could survive only by adapting to nature.
According to the map, how did people first arrive in North America?
They walked or paddled from Asia to North America.
What was the main reason that early settlers gradually spread across the Americas?
They were nomadic hunters and had to keep moving in search of food.
What was the purpose of a quipu?
To communicate quantities
quipu
a device made of cord or string with knots that stood for quantities
astrolabe
a navigational instrument used to determine latitude, or location north or south of Earth's equator
city-state
a political unit that controls a city and its surrounding land
Which represents an Aztec adaptation to their environment?
a system of causeways
feudalism
a system of rule by lords who ruled their own lands but owed loyalty and military service to a monarch
manor
an area ruled by a lord, including the lord's castle and the lands around it
colony
an area settled and ruled by the government of a distant land
How did the Anasazi adapt to escape threats from neighboring tribes?
by building homes along steep cliffs
In Europe during the Middle Ages, the people most likely to be able to read and write were
clergymen.
Along with luxury items such as gold, ivory, and hardwoods, Arab merchants traveled to East Africa to acquire
enslaved Africans.
surplus
extra
Which feature of Chinese civilization had the greatest impact on other civilizations?
its new technologies
Which group of people had the highest power in Maya society?
nobles
diffusion
the process of spreading ideas from one culture to another
Which physical feature most affected what people of a region ate?
the region's climate
What was the main goal of continued Spanish exploration of North and South America?
to seek riches for the Spanish crown
