Earth and Environmental Science Final EXAM Mock questions
It produces the greatest change in high and low tides
How does a straight alignment between Earth, the sun, and the moon impact the tides on Earth? A. It produces semidiurnal tides B. It produces diurnal tides C. It produces the greatest change in high and low tides D. It produces the least change in high and low tides
Solar cars have an inexhaustible energy source.
Recent research has led to the development of solar-powered vehicles. Solar vehicles use panels that collect sun rays that are then converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells. The electricity is stored in a battery that runs the car.Which is the most likely reason for developing this type of transportation technology? A Solar cars are practical for daily commuters. B Solar cars have an inexhaustible energy source. C Solar cars are safer to operate than standard vehicles. D Solar cars are less expensive to construct than standard vehicles.
the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without harming the ecosystem
What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? A. the total number of individuals, living and dead, that have been supported by an ecosystem B. the minimum number of individuals needed to have balance in an ecosystem C. the total number of organisms alive at the same time in an ecosystem D. the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without harming the ecosystem
ocean
Which of these has the greatest capacity for storing thermal energy from the Sun? A. plants B. air C. ocean D. land
temperature inversion
A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog? A dry line B cold front C tropical cyclone D temperature inversion
temperature inversion
A city is experiencing heavy smog formed by motor vehicle exhaust. Which of these weather conditions contributes most to the formation of smog? A. cold front B. tropical cyclone C. temperature inversion D. dry line
It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere
A company has several factories around the world and has decided to transition from burning fossil fuels to using alternative energy resources. How could a decrease in burning fossil fuels impact the atmosphere? A. It could decrease the oxygen levels of the atmosphere B. It could decrease the carbon dioxide levels of the atmosphere C. It could increase the sulfur dioxide levels of the atmosphere D. It could increase the nitrogen levels of the atmosphere
increase the amount of vegetation on the sloping pasture
A farmer has a steeply sloping pasture that is eroding. Which is the best option to stop immediate erosion of the topsoil? A. increase the amount of vegetation on the sloping pasture B. increase the organic content of the topsoil by adding earthworms C. increase the soil thickness by adding five inches of sandy soil D. plant trees and shrubs at the bottom of the sloping pasture
Increase the amount of vegetation on the sloping pasture.
A farmer has a steeply sloping pasture that is eroding. Which is the best option to stop the immediate erosion of the topsoil? A Increase the amount of vegetation on the sloping pasture. B Plant trees and shrubs at the bottom of the sloping pasture. C Increase the soil thickness by adding five inches of sandy soil. D Increase the organic content of the topsoil by adding earthworms.
drier air with cooler temperatures
A high pressure system (H) is moving to the southeast. Cold air is usually found north and west of a high pressure system. Warm air is to the south and east of the front. Based on this information, what is the best prediction for weather on the day after the system passes the point marked X? A wet air with cooler temperatures B drier air with cooler temperatures C wet air with warmer temperatures D drier air with warmer temperatures
galaxy
A large system of stars held together by mutual gravitation A. universe B. galaxy C. planets D. solar system
It could lead to the formation of heat islands, which may impact the microclimate in the area
A local government voted against the large-scale development of buildings and roads in the area. What could have been the motive behind their decision? A. It could lead to a decrease in the average annual temperature in the area. B. It could lead to the formation of heat islands, which may impact the microclimate in the area C. It could lead to the introduction of invasive species, which may impact the area D. It could lead to a decrease in acid rain production in the area
gravitational pull from the Moon
A low tide and a high tide occur in the oceans two times each day. Which factor has the greatest affect on the size of the tides? A air pressure differences B gravitational pull from the Sun C seasonal temperature variations D gravitational pull from the Moon
by making many observations over many years
A rain gauge measures the amount of rainfall at one location over a short time period. How can a rain gauge be most effectively used to provide a partial description of climate? A by making a single, very accurate observation B by making many observations over many years C by determining how much rain it takes to fill the rain gauge D by determining the average amount of rain per rainstorm
more heat from solar radiation would escape into space
A student reads the following statement.: The presence of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere is important to Earth's ability to support human life. How would Earth be different without greenhouse gases in its atmosphere? A. more heat from solar radiation would escape into space B. More heat from solar radiation would be stored in Earth's core C. more solar radiation would penetrate Earth's crust and mantle D. more solar radiation would be reflected back into space
igneous rock
According to the rock cycle, when liquid magma cools into a solid, what is formed? A lava B glaciers C igneous rock D metamorphic rock
oil and coal
All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the most dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition? A. solar energy and geothermal energy B. oil and coal C. coal and solar energy D. geothermal energy and oil
limestone
An example of a calcium carbonate deposity in the lithosphere is A. granite B. shale C. limestone D. gneiss
root systems
Around the edges of many dry areas, sensitive ecosystems depend on local plant life to maintain cool, moist conditions. When humans deplete these areas of vegetation, soil rapidly disappears. Which characteristic of plants most likely helps to prevent soil erosion? A root systems B pollination cycles C photosynthetic activities D release of moisture from leaves
The shape of Earth's lithosphere is continually changing.
Bedrock that is closer to oceanic ridges is younger in age than bedrock that is farther away. What can best be concluded from this information? A The shape of Earth's lithosphere is continually changing. B The movement of continental plates is caused by volcanic eruptions. C The oceans are becoming deeper and warmer as more rocks are produced. D The rocks on the ocean floor are producing tectonic plates that are converging.
chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean
Biologists have discovered that the beluga whales of Canada's St. Lawrence River have the highest rates of cancer among animals. What is most likely the reason for this high incidence of cancer in these whales? A chemical and pollutant runoff into the ocean B average temperatures increased in the region C depletion of natural prey from the ecosystem D increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
cloudy and rainy
Clay is watching the weather to prepare for a trip to the beach tomorrow. The forecast predicts that a low-pressure system will move in overnight. Which type of weather can Clay most likely expect in the morning? A foggy B sunny C clear and colder D cloudy and rainy
cloudy and rainy
Clay is watching the weather to prepare for a trip to the beach tomorrow. The forecast predicts that a low-pressure system will move in overnight. Which type of weather can Clay most likely expect in the morning? A. clear and colder B. sunny C. cloudy and rainy D. foggy
density differences
Convection currents are formed in the atmosphere when cold air pushes warm air upward. Which property of the air is most responsible for the formation of convection currents? A. chemical composition B. thermal conductivity C. density differences D. specific heat
density differences
Convection currents are formed in the atmosphere when cold air pushes warm air upward. Which property of the air is most responsible for the formation of convection currents? A. thermal conductivity B. density differences C. specific heat D. chemical composition
It exposes rocks to increased rates of erosion and weathering
Cracks in rocks widen as water in them freezes and thaws. How does this affect the surface of the Earth? A. It reduces the rates of soil formation B. It limits the exposure of rocks to acid precipitation C. It changes the chemical composition of the rocks. D. It exposes rocks to increased rates of erosion and weathering
coal and oil
Electricity-generating power plants emit different amounts of pollutants, depending on the energy source they use. Compare the EPA emission averages in the table. Power Plant Type Average CO2 (pounds per megawatt hour) Average NOx (pounds per megawatt hour) Average SO2 (pounds per megawatt hour) coal 2249 6 13 natural gas 1135 1.7 0.1 oil 1672 4 12 uranium 0 0 0 Which combination of power plants is likely to cause the greatest decrease in the pH of downwind precipitation? A coal and oil B coal and uranium C natural gas and oil D natural gas and uranium
Fertilizer leads to the growth of oxygen-depleting organisms.
Farmers use fertilizer on their crops to increase crop yield. How does the fertilizer affect plants and animals in nearby lakes and streams? A Fertilizer directly kills fish and plant life in lakes and streams. B Fertilizer leads to the growth of oxygen-depleting organisms. C Fertilizer that becomes airborne pollutes the air around aquatic plants. D Fertilizer improves crops which draws animals away from the lakes and streams.
The risk of landslides across the country will increase.
Guatemala is a mountainous country in Central America. Each year, more than 350 square kilometers of forests are removed for building materials and to make more room for crops. If this rate of deforestation continues, what will most likely result over the next several years? A The number of earthquakes across the country will decrease. B The amount of fertile soil across the country will increase. C The risk of landslides across the country will increase. D The average rainfall for the country will increase.
Both remove vegetation in the area, destroying habitats.
How are surface mining and peat harvesting similar in the way they affect an ecosystem? A Both increase air pollution, causing acid rain. B Both flood the area with water, decreasing soil erosion. C Both release carbon dioxide, decreasing global temperatures. D Both remove vegetation in the area, destroying habitats.
It can increase the risk of flooding in an area
How can urbanization affect a local area? A. It can decrease the need for natural resources in an area B. It can increase the number of invasive species in an area C. It can decrease the risk of water pollution in an area D. It can increase the risk of flooding in an area
It could cause a decrease in animal populations in the biosphere.
How could a global decrease in plant diversity affect the biosphere? A It could cause an increase in the amount of oxygen gas available for plants and animals. B It could cause an increase in animal diversity in the biosphere. C It could cause a decrease in animal populations in the biosphere. D It could cause a decrease in the amount of water available for plants and animals.
It could decrease the amount of possible infiltration in the area
How could a long-term decrease in precipitation impact an area? A. It could decrease the possible amount of damage to crops in the area B. It could increase the amount of flooding in the area C. It could decrease the amount of possible infiltration in the area D. It could increase the average water level of lakes in the area
It could take over habitats of the native plant species
How could the introduction of a nonnative species of plant affect an ecosystem in North Carolina? A. It could take over habitats of the native plant species B. It could reduce the competition for space and light with native plant species C. It could cause some insent species to destroy native plant species D. It could pollinate the native species, producing disease-resistant species
Warm air rises, creating an area of low pressure under it.
How does air density affect air pressure in a cyclonic storm? A. Warm air rises, creating an area of low pressure under it. B. Cool air rises, creating an area of low pressure under it. C. Warm air rises, creating an area of high pressure under it. D. Cool air rises, creating an area of high pressure under it.
by the radiation of electromagnetic waves through space
How does the energy produced by the sun travel to Earth? A by the magnetic fields between the sun and Earth B by the convection of heat through particles in space C by the radiation of electromagnetic waves through space D by the process of conduction of heat between the sun and Earth
dissolved minerals
IN many caves, rock formations include stalactites and stalagmites. Where does the rock in these formations come from? A. dissolved minerals B. magma C. decaying organic matter D. rainwater
It would pollute natural habitats, which would decrease the biodiversity on Earth.
If fossil fuel usage were unlimited, what effect would this have on Earth's biosphere? A It would create more nutrient-rich soil, which would increase the biodiversity on Earth. B It would pollute natural habitats, which would decrease the biodiversity on Earth. C It would add more oxygen to the atmosphere, which would cause plants to increase their rates of photosynthesis. D It would produce warmer climates, which would cause fewer plants to live in the polar regions.
a decrease in sanitation and increase in disease in the area
If people in an area have limited access to freshwater resources, what will most likely result? A an increase in the number of aquifers supplying water to the area B a decrease in sanitation and increase in disease in the area C a decrease in weathering and erosion in the area D an increase in biodiversity in the area
dust storms
In a particular region, abundant growth of grasses covers the flat land surface. IF overgrazing removes most of this vegetation, which weather phenomenon is most likely to occur? A. hail storms B. rain storms C. dust storms D. snow storms
evaporation
In the hydrologic cycle, which process contributes to a decrease in groundwater levels? A infiltration B evaporation C precipitation D condensation
climate of North Carolina
Joan picked up a brochure on North Carolina and learned the facts listed below. It may experience either hot, humid summer conditions or more moderate summer conditions. The annual rainfall across the state ranges from 37 to 90 inches. Which aspect of North Carolina was Joan focusing on from the brochure? A weather in North Carolina B climate of North Carolina C ecosystems in North Carolina D biomes of North Carolina
higher concentrations of ground-level ozone
Large metropolitan areas are composed of hard surfaces that trap solar energy as heat, especially in the summer months. The EPA estimates that the trapped heat results in 1.5 - 2.0% increase in energy consumption for every 0.6 °C increase in air temperature in these urban heat islands. Most of this energy is supplied by power plants that rely on fossil fuels. Which of the following effects of increased energy use and regional air temperatures directly impacts human health? A increased water temperatures in storm runoff B prolonged growing seasons for urban plants C higher concentrations of ground-level ozone D increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide
It is a short term solution
Large quantities of sand can be added to the beach to stabilize the shoreline. Which describes a disadvantage of this process? A. It creates a barrier that prevents the tides from occurring along the coastline B. It creates a wall that disrupts the vegetation along the coastline C. It causes inland erosion D. It is a short term solution
1, 2, and 4 only
Look at the list of changes to an ocean ecosystem. 1. extinction of some species of fish 2. loss of food supply for predator species 3. loss of all species in the ecosystem 4. weakening of the sustainability of the ecosystem Which of these are the most likely results of overfishing in ocean ecosystems? A 1 only B 1 and 2 only C 1, 2, 3, and 4 D 1, 2, and 4 only
exposure to uranium
Nuclear power and drilling for oil can both negatively affect ecosystems. Which negative impact can only be caused by nuclear power? A air pollution B water contamination C exposure to uranium D spread of invasive vegetation
Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust
Oceanic crust is composed mainly of basalt. Continental crust is composed mainly of granite. Why does oceanic crust generally tend to subduct under continental crust when plates collide? A. Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust B. Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust C. Oceanic crust is thicker than the continental crust D. Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust
bacteria to clean up oil spills
Research in which of these areas has the greatest impact on the environment? A irradiating food B organic fertilizers C bacteria to clean up oil spills D developing larger, sweeter strawberries
convergent boundary between plates
Scientists measure the increasing height of the Himalaya Mountains. Which of the following provides the best reason for the height increases of these mountains? A. convergent boundary between plates B. divergent boundary between plates C. a subduction boundary between plates D. a transformation boundary between plates
because of Earth revolving around the sun
Some constellations are more prominent in the night sky of North Carolina in winter, while other constellations are more prominent in the night sky in summer. Which best explains why this occurs? A because of Earth's rotation on its axis B because of stars revolving around Earth C because of Earth revolving around the sun D because of the change in the barycenter of Earth
It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment
Some factories can increase the amount of thermal pollution by dumping heated water into lakes and rivers. How can this type of pollution affect aquatic environments? A. It can increase the life expectancy of animals in the aquatic environment B. It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment C. It can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment D. It can reduce the decomposition rate or organisms in the environment
It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment
Some factories can increase the amount of thermal pollution by dumping heated water into lakes and rivers. How can this type of pollution affect aquatic environments? A. It can reduce the number of aquatic species in the environment B. It can increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment C. It can reduce the decomposition rate or organisms in the environment D. It can increase the life expectancy of animals in the aquatic environment
coastal plain
Sweet potatoes grow best in sandy, well-drained soil. In which North Carolina ecological region would you most likely grow sweet potatoes? A piedmont B tidewater C coastal plain D mountain
Earth's climate would be warmer, so the percentage of female turtles would increase.
Temperature affects the development of sea-turtle eggs. Eggs that are incubated at warmer temperatures are more likely to become females. Eggs incubated at cooler temperatures are more likely to become males. How would higher atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations most likely affect sea turtle populations? A Earth's climate would be warmer, so the percentage of female turtles would increase. B Earth's climate would be cooler, so the percentage of female turtles would increase. C Earth's climate would be warmer, so the percentage of female turtles would decrease. D Earth's climate would be cooler, so the percentage of female turtles would decrease.
The temperature increases in the stratosphere because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation, and in the thermosphere because of direct exposure to the sun.
Temperature increases as altitude increases in both the stratosphere and the thermosphere. What is the main difference between these two layers? A The temperature increases in the stratosphere because of aurora borealis, and in the thermosphere because of the jet stream. B The temperature increases in the stratosphere because of the jet stream, and in the thermosphere because of aurora borealis. C The temperature increases in the stratosphere because of direct exposure to the sun, and in the thermosphere because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation. D The temperature increases in the stratosphere because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation, and in the thermosphere because of direct exposure to the sun.
Inversions prevent the normal convection of air masses.
Temperature inversions are common in the Los Angeles area. Which statement describes a characteristic of a temperature inversion that can lead to extended periods of poor air quality? A. Inversions reverse the direction of sea and land breezes. B. Inversions reverse the normal composition of atmospheric gases. C. Inversions prevent the normal convection of air masses. D. Inversions prevent the reaction of carbon dioxide with water vapor.
inversions prevent the normal convection of air masses
Temperature inversions are common in the Los Angelos area. Which statement describes a characteristic of a temperature inversion that can lead to extended periods of poor air quality? A. inversions reverse the normal composition ot atmospheric gases B. inversions prevent the reaction of carbon dioxide with water vapor C. inversions prevent the normal convection of air masses D. inversions reverse the direction of sea and land breezes
The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.
The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenom? A. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator. B. The westward deflection of equatorial winds C. The formation of calm "eyes" in the centers of cyclones D. The rotation of storm systems
The movement of rising air currents away from the equator.
The Earth's equator receives more direct sunlight than the regions to its north and south. This distribution of sunlight accounts directly for which phenomenon? A. The westward deflection of equatorial winds. B. The movement of rising air currents away from the equator. C. The rotation of storm systems. D. The formation of calm "eyes" in the centers of cyclones.
ultraviolet radiation
The breakdown of ozone into oxygen results from the electromagnetic absorption spectrum of ozone. This production of oxygen in the ozone layer is caused by exposing ozone to a strong source of which type of electromagnetic radiation? A. infrared light B. ultraviolet radiation C. microwaves D. radio waves
ultraviolet radiation
The breakdown of ozone into oxygen results from the electromagnetic absorption spectrum of ozone. This production of oxygen in the ozone layer is caused by exposing ozone to a strong source of which type of electromagnetic radiation? A. microwaves B. infrared light C. radio waves D. ultraviolet radiation
hydroelectric
The cost of a kilowatt hour of which kind of alternative energy is most likely to increase in the coming decades? A hydroelectric B biomass C solar D wind
crop rotation
The dust bowl was a series of dust storms in the US and Canada in the 1930s. The dust storms were the result of a widespread drought that followed decades of poor farming practices where the soil was depleted and left barren. Which farming practice most likely was introduced as a result of the Dust Bowl? A. use of machinery B. crop rotation C. crop irrigation D. use of fertilizers
heavy rainfall over land masses in the eastern Pacific Ocean
The eastward movement of warm water in the Pacific Ocean during an El Nino event tend to cause which climate effect? A. heavy rainfall over land masses in the eastern Pacific Ocean B. cold, windy conditions on land masses in the eastern Pacific Ocean C. flooding on land masses in the western Pacific Ocean D. frequent, shallow tsunamis reaching land masses in the western Pacific Ocean
build a wind turbine.
The engineering team that is designing a scientific research station on the Arctic permafrost has to provide the station with energy for cooking, heating, and lighting. Considering the fragile environment and other conditions there, the best choice is probably to A build a wind turbine. B have fuel trucked in. C have a pipeline built. D build a solar collector.
sources for compounds in Earth's early atmosphere
The following table identifies primary gases released by three active volcanoes. These data allow scientists to use a volcano as a model for which system? A sources for compounds in Earth's early atmosphere B sources for compounds in atmospheres on other planets C chemical requirements of early plants on Earth D chemical makeup of magma on other planets
3 is tidewater
The table shows several land areas, their soil characteristics, and their typical plants. Area Soil Typical Plant Species 1 humus to 100 cm, clay below, deep, fertile pines and oaks, grasses, and grains 2 humus to 15 cm, clay below, very deep, varied many pines, honeysuckle, and grasses 3 humus to 10-40 cm, silt and sand below, very deep, often wet sweetgum, greenbrier, grasses, and sedges 4 humus to 5 cm, clay below, shallow (30 cm to bedrock), well drained mixed trees, rhododendrons, and mosses A 1 is mountain B 2 is coastal plain C 3 is tidewater D 4 is piedmont
the forest gets more precipitation
The temperate deciduous forest and temperate grassland biomes have the same maximum temperature. Which of the following is a reason they have different plant and animal species? A they are at different altitudes B they are at different latitudes C the forest gets more precipitation D the grassland gets more precipitation
the similarity of fossils on different continents
The theory of continental drift states that the land masses called continents were once closer together and have drifted apart over time. Which circumstance is the strongest evidence in support of this theory? A the migration patterns of birds B the periodic climate changes of Earth C the large variety of animals on each continent D the similarity of fossils on different continents
loam
This is a diagram of a soil texture triangle. Farmers can use this chart to identify the type of soil found on their land and determine the likelihood of erosion and other important factors. What type of soil does a farmer have if the soil contains 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay? A clay B loam C silty loam D sandy loam
Planting fewer types of corn will make the corn more vulnerable to plant pathogens.
Two farmers decide to plant fewer types of corn in their fields. How will changing the biodiversity of the corn crop affect the fields? A Predator species that eat corn will lose their food source. B Planting fewer types of corn will add more nutrients to the soil. C The introduction of invasive plant pathogens will increase the crop yield. D Planting fewer types of corn will make the corn more vulnerable to plant pathogens.
density
Variation in which property between water at different temperatures contributes most to the formation of horizontal ocean layers having distinct temperatures? A density B viscosity C turbidity D acidity
the greenhouse effect
Visible light reaches Earth's surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth's atmosphere causes this to happen? A the ozone hole B the inversion layer C the greenhouse effect D the atmospheric continuum
the greenhouse effect
Visible light reaches Earth's surface while infrared light is trapped as heat. Which characteristic of Earth's atmosphere causes this to happen? A. the inversion layer B. the greenhouse effect C. the ozone hole D. the atmospheric continuum
Both are renewable.
Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy? A Both are renewable. B Both are nonrenewable. C Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable. D Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.
Ocean water is warm and heats the air above it.
What causes the differences in the air masses that permit hurricanes to form over oceans? A. Ocean water is cool and cools the air above it. B. Ocean water is warm and heats the air above it. C. Ocean water contains salt that reacts with air, changing the air pressure. D. Ocean water contains algae that make oxygen, changing the air's composition.
ocean water is warm and heats the air above it
What causes the differences in the air masses that permit hurricanes to form over oceans? A. ocean water contains algae that make oxygen, changing the air's composition B. ocean water is warm and heats the air above it C. ocean water contains salt that reacts with air, changing the air pressure D. ocean water is cool and cools the air above it
preservation of raw materials
What effect does reusing or recycling municipal waste have on environmental resources? A introduction of pollutants into water systems B increased deforestation of local areas C increased use of fossil fuels D preservation of raw materials
decreased soil fertility and increased erosion
What effect would uncontrolled population growth have on land? A increased soil fertility and decreased erosion B increased soil fertility and increased erosion C decreased soil fertility and decreased erosion D decreased soil fertility and increased erosion
It becomes cooler and forms clouds.
What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere? A It becomes warmer and forms clouds. B It becomes cooler and forms clouds. C Its temperature remains the same. D Its temperature varies greatly.
it becomes cooler and forms clouds
What happens to a moist air mass as it moves upward in the atmosphere? A. its temperature varies greatly B. it becomes cooler and forms clouds C. its temperature remains the same D. it becomes warmer and forms clouds
decreased filtering of water
What is a possible consequence of the destruction of a marsh? A decreased flooding B decreased filtering of water C increased types of plant life D increased habitat for organisms
decrease in biodiversity
What is an effect of deforestation? A decrease in biodiversity B decrease in rainwater runoff C decrease in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere D decrease in the amount of water on Earth
a larger-than-normal height difference between low tide and high tide
What is most likely to occur when the sun, moon, and Earth are aligned in a relatively straight line? A a decrease in global wind patterns B an increase in temperature near the equator C more earthquakes near the equator and fewer at the poles D a larger-than-normal height difference between low tide and high tide
the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without harming the ecosystem
What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem? A the total number of organisms alive at the same time in an ecosystem B the minimum number of individuals needed to have balance in an ecosystem C the total number of individuals, living and dead, that have been supported by an ecosystem D the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without harming the ecosystem
They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
What statement describes the general movement of air masses? A. They move from areas of high altitude to areas of low altitude B. They move from areas of low temperatures to areas of high temperatures C. They move from areas of low humidity to areas of high humidity D. They move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
a mid-ocean ridge, due to the separation of two plates
What structure can form as a result of a divergent plate boundary? A. a continental mountain, due to the collision of 2 plates B. an ocean trench, due to the separation of the two plates C. continental volcanic arc, due to the collision of 2 plates D. a mid-ocean ridge, due to the separation of two plates
The current will become cooler, causing it to become more dense and sink.
What will most likely happen if a warm ocean current travels north or south from the equator? A The current will become warmer, causing it to become more dense and rise. B The current will become cooler, causing it to become less dense and rise. C The current will become cooler, causing it to become more dense and sink. D The current will become warmer, causing it to become less dense and sink.
an increase in global temperatures
What will most likely influence global sea levels? A an increase in global temperatures B an increase in global atmospheric nitrogen C an increase in cyclone events around the globe D an increase in earthquake events around the globe
building structures that withstand ground vibrations
What would be most effective in minimizing the potential damage caused by an earthquake? A installing sirens in areas prone to earthquakes B building structures that withstand ground vibrations C increasing the amount of concrete during road building D requiring the recycling of metal and wood products
use drip irrigation systems to water crops more precisely on farms
What would be the most sustainable way to reduce farm use of river water in a coastal area? A. dig deeper wells to pump more water from deeper aquifers to farms B. construct pipelines that carry water from inland reserviors to farms C. build desalinations plants to convert seawater to fresh water for farms D. use drip irrigation systems to water crops more precisely on farms
The production of greenhouse gases would decrease.
What would most likely happen if coastal North Carolina increased implementation of wind energy? A Investment costs to taxpayers would decrease. B The production of greenhouse gases would decrease. C Turbines could be built in highly populated areas because of low noise pollution. D The energy output would be consistent because wind patterns are always predictable.
an increase in water pollution
What would most likely result if more farms were developed along river basins in North Carolina? A an increase in water pollution B an increase in average rainfall C an increase in nonnative species D an increase in severe weather events
spreading of the sea floor
When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates? A deep-sea currents B earthquake formation C spreading of the sea floor D sedimentary rocks
spreading of the sea floor
When scientists proposed the Theory of Continental Drift, there were many skeptics. Which discovery confirmed that the continents move on plates? A. spreading of the sea floor B. earthquake formation C. deep-sea currents D. sedimentary rocks
at convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and hot spots
Where are most volcanoes located? A at divergent boundaries, transform boundaries, and hot spots B at convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and hot spots C at convergent boundaries, hot spots, and transform boundaries D at divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries, and transform boundaries
removing groundwater
Which action most often causes sinkholes to form on the surface of Earth? A removing groundwater B meteor impacts C plates colliding D mechanical weathering
draining a wetland for the development of a new park
Which action will most likely cause a negative impact on the biodiversity of a small region? A planting native species in a bare field to attract wildlife B draining a wetland for the development of a new park C reducing the amount of pesticides and fertilizers used D having a controlled burn to remove undergrowth of a forest
It heats Earth's atmosphere and surface, which helps stabilize temperatures on Earth and creates environments more favorable for life to exist.
Which best describes how energy from the sun helps to maintain life on Earth? A It heats Earth's atmosphere and surface, which helps stabilize temperatures on Earth and creates environments more favorable for life to exist. B It forms the ocean's water and the oxygen in the atmosphere that organisms need for life functions. C It prevents the destruction of the magnetic field around Earth that protects all life forms. D It is absorbed by Earth's mantle, which drives plate tectonics to form new land masses for organisms to live.
burning coal to produce electricity
Which could increase the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? A planting trees in areas that have been deforested B reducing the use of gasoline-powered vehicles C burning coal to produce electricity D creating wind farms in desert areas
mountain ranges
Which geographic features form as a result of continental-continental convergent plates? A rift valleys B volcanic islands C oceanic trenches D mountain ranges
differences in the density of adjacent air masses
Which has the greatest influence on wind speed? A differences in the density of adjacent air masses B differences in atmospheric nitrogen concentrations C differences in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations D differences in ozone levels in the stratosphere
allowing runoff from agricultural fields
Which human activity directly affects the quality of freshwater resources? A. burning gasoline in car engines B. throwing trash out of car windows C. allowing runoff from agricultural fields D. depleting the ozone layer
increased decaying organic material, adding nutrients to soil in the area
Which interaction of a biotic and an abiotic factor can help stabilize a forest area in North Carolina? A increased precipitation, reducing soil erosion in the area B increased decaying organic material, adding nutrients to soil in the area C decreased water salinity, reducing biodiversity of animals in the area D decreased number of predators, allowing the number of prey to increase in the area
creating undisturbed layers of mulch in the soil
Which is a farming technique that could improve the soil and the environment? A. using fueled machines that will turn the soil continuously B. placing inorganic chemical fertiliers in the soil C. creating undisturbed layers of mulch in the soil D. irrigating the soil with salty water
small farms raising large numbers of animals such as cows and pigs
Which is a major source of air pollution? A planting more trees in forest areas B building dams for hydroelectric plants C the production of energy using solar and nuclear power D small farms raising large numbers of animals such as cows and pigs
a tsunami event
Which is least likely to cause changes in global climate? A a tsunami event B an El Niño event C a volcanic eruption D radiation from solar flares
Building artificial levees
Which is most likely a prevention strategy for flooding? Recycling bottled water containers Reducing water consumption Building artificial levees Building waste landfills for metals and other contaminants
an increase in precipitation
Which is most often a result of a warm air mass moving over a cooler air mass? A a decrease in wind speed B a decrease in cloud cover C an increase in precipitation D an increase in air pressure
It can cause pollution of water in lakes and rivers.
Which is one way poor use of fertilizers in agriculture can affect the environment? A It can increase the ability of many species to find suitable habitats. B It can cause pollution of water in lakes and rivers. C It can cause an increase in greenhouse gases. D It can reduce the amount of sediment in the local waterways.
infiltration
Which is one way surface water may become groundwater? A condensation B evaporation C infiltration D runoff
It causes a heavy precipitation for a short period of time
Which most likely occurs when a fast-moving cold air mass moves into a region of warmer, moist air? A. It causes light precipitation for a long period of time B. It causes a heavy precipitation for a short period of time C. It causes heavy precipitation for a long period of time D. It causes light precipitation for a short period of time
Earth's solid surface layer sits on a moving, semiliquid layer
Which of the following best explains why Earth is tectonically active? A. Area of Earth's solid surface layer are under great pressure from ocean water B. Areas of Earth's solid surface layer are thicker and so heavier than other areas C. Earth's solid surface layer rotates more rapidly than the layers beneath it D. Earth's solid surface layer sits on a moving, semiliquid layer
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)
Which of these air pollutants can react with chemicals in the atmosphere and cause acid rain? A carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) B sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) C nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) D chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
Which of these air pollutants can react with chemicals in the atmosphere and cause acid rain? A. nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds B. sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide C. chlorofluorocarbons and volatile organic compounds D. carbon dioxide and methane
The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.
Which of these events is an example of a change in climate? A Afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight. B A series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period. C An overnight temperature drop causes frost to form. D The average amount of annual precipitation decreases.
the average amount of rainfall precipitation decreases
Which of these events is an example of a change in climate? A. an overnight temperature drop causes frost to form B. a series of tornadoes occurs over a one-week period C. afternoon clouds form and block the sunlight D. the average amount of rainfall precipitation decreases
a shrinking variety of animal and plant species
Which of these is a threat to the survival of an ecosystem? A predator-prey population cycles B less biomass at higher levels of the food web C a shrinking variety of animal and plant species D competition among some consumer populations
earthquakes
Which of these natural disasters are the most unpredictable? A. blizzards B. hurricanes C. earthquakes D. tornadoes
the buildup of dunes along the coast over time
Which of these serve as protective barriers along coastlines and are often destroyed when when hit by a strong hurricane? A. the buildup of organic material from oil rigs along the coast B. the buildup of dunes along the coast over time C. the new construction of buildings along the coastline D. the erosion of land along on the coastline
Because of its rotation about its axis, Earth has a greater circumference around the equator than around the Prime Meridian.
Which of these statements best explains the shape of Earth? A Because of its rotation about its axis, Earth has a greater circumference around the equator than around the Prime Meridian. B Because of its revolution around the sun, Earth has a greater circumference around the equator than around the Prime Meridian. C Because of its rotation about its axis, Earth has a greater circumference around the Prime Meridian than around the equator. D Because of its revolution around the sun, Earth has a greater circumference around the Prime Meridian than around the equator.
intrusion of salt water into the water table
Which result is most likely to occur after excessive withdrawal of groundwater in coastal areas? A increased reliance on irrigation because of drier soil conditions B dilution of brackish water in estuarine ecosystems C reduced efficiency of local desalination facilities D intrusion of salt water into the water table
liquids and solids absorb and store heat differently
Which statement best explains an aspect of the differential heating of Earth's surface by the Sun? A. the atmosphere over the ocean is different than the atmosphere over land B. photosynthesis in the oceans uses more solar energy than photsynthesis on land C. liquids and solids absorb and store heat differently D. photons interact differently with solids and liquids
reverse fault
Which term provides the most accurate classification of the geologic structure shown A. normal fault B. anticline fold C. reverse fault D. syncline fold
excessive rain
Which will cause an increase in runoff and infiltration in an area? A contouring farmland B a drought C digging wells D excessive rain
decrease fertilizer usage
Which would be the best way to reduce the environmental impact of conventional agricultural practices? A increase pesticide use B decrease crop rotation C decrease fertilizer usage D increase use of nonnative species
An earth quake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 4.5
Which would produce the most severe earthquake damage along the surface of Earth? A. An earth quake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 4.5 B. An earthquake with a deep focus and a magnitude of 2.5 C. An earthquake with a shallow focus and a magnitude of 2.5 D. An earthquake with a deep focus and a magnitude of 4.5
To produce their own food
Why do green plants require solar energy? A To release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere B. To produce their own food C. To absorb nitrogen into their roots D. To decompose the dead or decaying remains of animals
Ecosystems with few species are weak and unstable.
Why is it difficult to create a terrarium ecosystem that will last a long time without human help? A Terrarium ecosystems cannot get enough sunlight. B Terrarium ecosystems cannot get enough oxygen. C Ecosystems with few species are weak and unstable. D All ecosystems require thoughtful human management.