earth science chapter 4

one way that mining for mineral resources damages land is by a; adding greenhouse gases to the environment b;depleting the world's ozone c; causing salinization d; increasing soil erosion

increasing soil erosion

compost helps preserve the health of soil because it a) it a natural fertilizer b: contains pesticides that kill insects c: breaks rock down into additional soil d: adds artificial fertilizers that help plants grow

is a natural fertilizer

explain why the chemical composition of Earth's atmosphere is important.

it helps maintains life on earth, we need oxygen to live, water vapor and carbon dioxide to keep temperature burning.

the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide helps to a: deflect harmful radiation from space b; increase precipitation in arid areas c; form clouds in the atmosphere d; maintain warmth near earths surface

maintain warmth near earth's surface

which of the following is not a land resource a; soil b; minerals c; forests d; methane

methane

a landfill with a plastic or clay liner that prevents the leaking of waste into soil and groundwater is a(n)__________ landfill

sanitary

hydroelectric dams have finite lifetimes because___________ builds up behind them

sediments

forest habitat and soil is conserved through______________ cutting, in which only some trees in an area of forest are cut while others remain

selective

in which decade were the first important laws to decrease water pollution passed a) 1950's b) 1960s c) 1970's d) 1980's

1970's

which of the following is a nonmetallic mineral resource? a: wood b: iron c: coal d: Aggregate

Aggregate

which of the following products is made from petroleum resources a; aggregate b: plastic c; nickel d;cardboard

Plastic

how does conserving energy help control air, water, and land pollution?

Reducing waste or finding more practical ways to use waste, and use less energy that involves carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere.

explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources

Renewable: replenished or can you over and over again. nonrewnable: can't use more than once, once its gone its gone.

the fuel for nuclear fission in nuclear reactors is a: petroleum b: carbon c: uranium d: hydrogen

Uranium

which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel? A) coal B) natural gas C) oil D) Uranium

Uranium

Renewable resources... a) can be replenished over months, years, or decades b) are all living resources c) have finite supplies that will one day be used up. d) include iron, gas, and copper

a) can be replenished over months, years, or decades

power plants release sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, where they combine with water vapor to form_______________ precipitation

acid

describe the advantages and disadvantages of wind as a source of electricity.

advantages: relatively inexpensive to generate and does not produce air pollution. disadvantage: noise pollution, cost of large tracts of land in popular areas.

placer deposits form when a) hot, metal-rich fluids underground cool b: heavy eroded particles settle out of moving water c: organic matter is compressed over millions of years d: magma cools In underground chambers

b: heavy eroded particles settle out of moving water

two broad categories of nonmetallic mineral resources are ___________ materials and _____________ minerals

building industrial

which of these energy resources might replace dwindling petroleum supplies one day? a) coal and natural gas b) tar sands and uranium c) oil shale and tar sands d) wind and coal

c) Oil shale and tar sands

what is the source of geothermal energy? a) sunlight heating surface waters b) the splitting of atoms to release energy c) natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water d) very hot minerals deep underground

c: natural underground reservoirs of steam and hot water

the nation's most important air pollution law is the _____________ act

clean air

the _____________ Act requires industries to reduce or eliminate the release of point source pollution into surface waters

clean water

cars with hybrid and electric motors a: use more fuel than conventional cars use b: create less air pollution c: use solar panels for power d: are no longer produced

create less air pollution

the resource conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 a) decreased the amount of recycling b: encouraged the use of compost c: decreased the illegal and unsafe dumping of hazardous waste d) cut down the use of fossil-fuel resources

decreased the illegal and unsafe dumping of hazardous waste

a simple solar__________ system can be a south- facing window that allows sunlight into a room

energy

Hydroelectric power is produced by a: falling water that turns a turbine b: tides that pour through a dam barrier c: hot water that comes from deep underground d: electric current that flows across a dam

falling water that turns a turbine

describe the formation of petrouleum and natural gas

formed of remains of plants and animals.

the major source of air pollution that disrupts the atmosphere's natural cycles is the combustion of__________ fuels

fossils

which of the following is NOT a major use of freshwater resources? A: drinking water b: cooking food c: growing food d: fuel for transportation

fuel for transportation

explain how tidal power works.

harnessed by constructing a dam across the mouth of a bay or an estuary in coastal areas with a large tidal range.

many major mineral deposits form through______________ processes and the cooling of ________________ solutions

igneous hydrothermal

earths atmosphere is a mixture of _________________, oxygen, water vapor, and other gases

nitrogen

fossil fuels are____________________ resources

non-rewneable

the advantage of solar energy include the fact that it is a) nonrenewable b) nonpolluting c) expensive d) absent at night

nonpolluting

a rock that contains a waxy mixture of a hydrocarbon called kerogen is______________

oil shale

contour plowing is a soil conservation method that involves a) plowing deeper into soil when planting b) never planting crops on hills c) plowing across hill slopes d) flattening hills to create flat land before plowing

plowing across hill slopes

what is the function of the atmosphere's ozone layer a) shields earth from harmful solar radiation b: provides oxygen needed by human life c: protects earth from the sun's heat d; removes pollution from the atmosphere

shields earth from harmful solar radiation

although it could replace petroleum one day, the mining of _______________ has environmental drawbacks such as land disturbance and creation of contaminated water and sediment from processing

tar sands

describe how fission produces electricity at nuclear power plants?

the heat released from fission reactions is used to turn water in steam, steam then turns the blades of a turbines to generate electricity.