Earth Science - ESC1000C Module 1 Quiz

A possible answer to a scientific question that will be tested is a(n) _____________________. Conclusion Hypothesis Assumption Experiment

Hypothesis

Relative dating does not depend on establishing a specific numerical age. True False

True

Rocks can also form from ions precipitating out of solution. True False

True

Rocks can form in all of the following ways EXCEPT ______________________________. through consolidation of loose sediment. under high pressures and temperatures deep in the Earth by the process of accumulation on the Earth's surface cooling and solidification of magma.

by the process of accumulation on the Earth's surface

The stratigraphic principle that states that a rock that is cut by a fault or igneous intrusion is older than the thing that cuts it is ______________________. Inclusions Original horizontality Cross-cutting relationships Superposition

Cross-cutting relationships

Laboratory created diamonds are also considered minerals. True False

False

A _________________________ delineates the change from both the Paleozoic Era to the Mesozoic Era, and the Mesozoic Era to the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale. Oxygenation event Supercontinent Mass extinction Increase in populations of organisms

Mass extinction

Minerals that are composed of only one element, such as diamond, are called __________________________________. Native elements Synthetic elements Native rocks Composed elements

Native elements

The stratigraphic principle that states that in a sequence of sedimentary rock the older rock is on the bottom and the younger rock is on the top is _______________________________. Original horizontality Inclusions Superposition Cross-cutting relationships

Superposition

Cleavage is the tendency of minerals to break along zones of weakness that make parallel planes. True False

True

In general, an unconformity is a buried erosional surface represents a large gap in geologic time within a rock or stratigraphic sequence. True False

True

Liquid Mercury is not considered a mineral. True False

True

Uniformitarianism is the assumption that the chemical and physical laws of nature have not changed. True False

True

Dating rocks using the decay of radioactive isotopes is ____________________. geometric dating relative dating ratio dating absolute age dating

absolute age dating

Intrusive igneous rocks form ________________________________________. above ground below ground both above and below ground on the sides of volcanoes

below ground

The first step of the scientific method is to ____________________ formulate a question collect data generate a hypotheses generate a theory

formulate a question

A mineral is defined as natural, solid, and _______________ with a specific chemical composition and ordered internal structure. organic color dependent synthetic inorganic

inorganic

Which of these is not an agent of metamorphism? heat sunlight pressure fluids

sunlight

How old is the Earth? 4.5 million years old 4.5 billion years old 100,000 years old 10,000 years old

4.5 billion years old

In Earth's history, which of the following came first? Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era Precambrian Paleozoic Era

Precambrian