Earth Science Test #2

The presence of _____________ _______ along a stream indicates that the stream has been " rejuvenated" A. Oxbows B. Alluvial Terraces C. Cut banks D. Point bars

Alluvial terraces

The presence of a perched water table indicates that ________ A. The zone of saturation is very deep B. An aquitard exists above the main water table C. A con

An aquitard exists above the main water table

Explain Maturity

Downcutting decreases because stream approaches its base level Lateral erosion increases and the stream begins to widen its valley

The entire surface area drained by a stream is called the _________ _____

Drainage basin

A _______ is a solitary hill of reworked till deposited by an earlier glacier.

Drumlin

What is subsidence

Sinking/collapsing of the land surface

A ___________ is a form of mass movement that involves a semi-solid mass of rock/soil that moves across a well-defined slip surface.

Slide

The forms of mass movement that involves a semisolid mass moving over a well-defined slip surface is known as A. Slide B. Flow C. Fall D. None of the above

Slide

Which of the following processes is most often the cause of sinkhole formation? A. Frost action. B. Solution C. Spheroidal weathering D. Salt crystal growth

Solution

Which of the following forms where the terrain intersects the water table? A. Artesian well B. Geyser C. Spring D. Perched water table

Spring

Explain youth

Stream is down cutting because it is located above its base level Flows through a v shaped valley

The sliding, or rolling, motion of the largest bedload particles within a stream channel is a process known as ______. A. Hydrolic action B. Traction C. Fluvial entrainment D. Saltation

Traction

What are the four stages of the Davis Geomorphic Cycle

Youth Maturity Old Age Rejuvenation

Define Slide

Movement of rock/soil as a single unit across an inclined surface

The dominant agent of erosion on earth is _______ _____

Running water

Describe the different triggering mechanisms

1. Triggering Mechanisms - Escessive rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic eruption, and changes in original slope

Which process of stream erosion also occurs at the base of a glacier? A. abrasion C. traction B. ablation D. saltation

Abrasion

The leading cause for mass movement is A. Earthquake B. Volcanic eruption C. Addition of water. D. None of the above

Addition of water

Which of the following is the leading triggering mechanism for mass movement? A.earthquakes B.addition of water C. volcanic activity D. changes in slope

Addition of water

The lower limit of stream downcutting is known as _____ ______

Base Level

Where glaciers reach the sea, _________ creates icebergs. A. sublimation B. abrasion C. calving D. traction

Calving

The timeframe involved in the soil formation is generally in terms of.... A. Decades B. Centuries C. Millenia D. Epochs

Centuries

Human modification of a river channel is known as _________

Channelization

What are the five characteristics of soil?

Color Texture Structure Consistence Porosity

The cohesion of soil particles is known as soil _______ A. Structure B. Consistence C. Pedology D. Porosity

Consistence

The physical removal of mineral from the E soil horizon is known as __________

Eluviation

The processes of leaching and ____________ act to remove minerals from the E soil horizon.

Elvuation

What are some examples of mass movement

Fall Flow Slide Subsidence

A glacial valley that has been flooded by the sea is called a(n) _____

Fjord

The relatively flat land surrounding a stream channel is known as the ________ A. Drainage basin B. Floodplain C. Alluvial terrace D. Moraine

Floodplain

Analogous to the surface transport of glaciers. _________ ________ involves sediments being washed into a stream from the surrounding environment.

Fluvial entrainment

What are the five different types of Physical Weathering

Frost action Salt crystal growth Root action Thermal expansion Uploading

Which of the following is FALSE about the groundwater system? A. Groundwater is recharged with precipitation. B. Most groundwater exists is small pores within rock/soil. C. Groundwater comprises most of the Earth's freshwater. D. Groundwater moves laterally through rock and soil. E. none of the above (all are true)

Groundwater comprises most of Earth's freshwater.

Which of the following landforms is a result of plucking? A. Lateral moraine B. Esker C. Drumlin D. Horn

Horn

Which environment would allow for the most vigorous chemical weathering? A. Hot and dry C. Cold and dry B. Hot and humid D. Cold and humid

Hot and humid

Decayed organics withing a soil are known as what?

Humus

Which of the following helps provide water for streamflow? A. Interception B. Surface detention C. Infiltration D. None of the above

Infiltration

A __________ is a volcanic mud flow A. Pyroclastic flow B. Addition of water C. Talus flow D. None of the above

Lahar

_________ refers to a soil texture in which no single particles sand, silt, nor clay are dominant.

Loam

Which of the following glacial landforms is composed of glacial till? A. Esker B. Moraine C. Cirgue D. Arete

Moraine

Define FLow

Movement of rock/soil

What are the different soil horizons?

O rganic A Humus and clay E lluviation B zone of accumulation C hemical weathering

What are the five soil forming factors?

Parent material Climate Plants and animals Relief/ slope Time

Stream ___________ is caused by crustal uplift and/or lowering of the stream's base level.

Rejuvenation

An accumulation of weathered rock fragments at the base of a steep, rocky slope is called...... A. Soil C. Til B. Talus D. Drift

Talus

The size and organization of particles within a soil---the percentages of sand, silt and clay in a soil---describes what soil property? A. texture B porosity C. friability D. structure E. consistence

Texture

Define Fall

The free falling rock down a vertical (or nearly) vertical slope

Which of the following is TRUE about the water table? A. The water table is generally a level surface at the top of the zone of saturation. B. The water table is deeper in humid climates. C. The water table roughly follows the rising/falling terrain. D. both A and B are true E. none of the above are true

The water table roughly follows the rising and falling terrain

Weathering that involves the expansion and fracturing of a buried rock structure that has been uncovered is known as __________

Unloading

_________ occurs when a buried rock structure is uncovered, causing it to fracture. unloading spheroidal weathering thermal expansion salt crystal growth

Unloading

Chemical weathering is most vigorous in which general climate type? cool, dry cool, humid warm, dry warm, humid

Warm and humid