Earth Science unit 2

What continent has the most volcanoes?

1) Africa 2) Asia <--- 3) Europe 4) South America

What is the Ring of Fire?

1) An arc of subduction zones and fault systems 2) 90% earthquakes, 50% volcanoes

What are the three types of volcanoes?

1) Cinder cone volcano 2) Composite volcano 3) Shield volcano

What is a shield volcano?

1) Circular base with gentle slopes 2) Basaltic 3) Low-to-medium explosivity 4) Resembles warrior shield

What happens during a Divergent plate interaction?

1) Magma rises to the surface 2) Pushes plates apart 3) New crust is formed Ex) Mid-Atlantic Ridge

How can humans worsen the impact of natural disasters?

1) Overpopulation 2) Living in attractive but vulnerable areas 3) Engineered landscapes

What are the three parts of a cinder cone volcano?

1) Rock fragments 2) Crater 3) Central vent

What is a Cinder cone volcano?

1) Simplest type of volcano 2) 1 vent 3) Bowl shaped crater

How can we decrease the impact of natural disasters?

1) Technology: designing early warning systems 2) Engineering: building earthquake resistant buildings 3) Policy: regulations, building codes

What happens during a Transform plate interaction?

1) Two plates meet 2) They slip and grind apart Ex: San Andres fault

What is an Composite volcano?

1) cone-shaped 3) formed by layers of ash + lava

How many years did forests grow and animals thrive on the slopes of Mt. St. Helens?

123 years

How many tectonic plates can be identified on Earth today?

15

How old was Earth believed to be when the first early, relatively stable land masses formed?

150 million years old

In what year did Krafla in Iceland erupt?

1984

How long and wide is the Grand Canyon?

277 miles long, 18 miles wide

How many citizens had to be evacuated when Krafla erupted?

5,000

What is a Pyroclastic flow?

A fast-moving cloud of gas, ash, and rock

What is a volcano the product of?

A shifting planet

What is the Continental Drift?

A theory by Alfred Wegener that the continents once formed a single landmass that functioned as a supercontinent

How many tectonic plates does the Earth have?

A) 20 B) 12 C) 15 <--- D) 16

Whe did Pangea began to break apart and drift into smaller continents?

A) 5 years ago B) 250 million years <--- C) 200 million years D) 350 million years

What comparison could be made to the mantle´s movement?

A) A bicycle B) A conveyor belt <-- C) A wisdom tooth D) A volcano

A cinder cone and composite volcano differ because...

A) A cinder cone is shaped like a shield and a composite is shaped like a cone B) A cinder is a volcano and a composite is a garbage disposal C) A cinder cone is shaped like a bowl and a Composite is shaped like a cone <--- D) None of these

What is an earthquake?

A) A release of energy (pressure) among plate boundaries and faults <--- B) Something the government made up like global warming C) A severe, sudden mass wasting D) The downslope movement of soil and rock due to gravity

Which scientist created the Continetal Drift theory?

A) Albert Einstein B) Charles Darwin C) Alfred Wegener <--- D) Miley Cyrus

How does Topography created by tectonics shape climate?

A) Alters patterns of rain, wind, currents, heating, cooling B) Affects the locations of biomes C) Influences where plants and animals live D) All of the above <----

What are some environmental effects of volcanoes?

A) Ash blocks sunlight B) Large erupts decrease temps worldwide C) They cause animals to go extinct D) All the above <---

Which continent has the smallest amount of earthquakes?

A) Australia B) South America C) Antarctica <--- D) Europe

Which of the following is NOT a way humans can mitigate impacts of natural hazards?

A) Building earthquake resistant buildings B) Ignoring the authority and continuing to live life in dangerous areas <--- C) Designing early warning systems D) Preserving reefs and shorelines

Which type of volcano has large, explosive fragments plus lava?

A) Cinder cone volcano B) Shield volcano C) The Himalayans D) Composite volcano

A cinder cone and shield volcano differ because....

A) Cinder cones have small eruptions and Shield have large B) Cinder cones have huge fire eruptions and Shield have low ones <--- C) One is a volcano and another is a shield D) Cinder cones have a gentle slope and shields have a center vent

What are the 4 parts of a volcano?

A) Crater B) Lava C) Side vent D) Main vent E) All of the above <---

All these are parts of a volcano except...

A) Crater B) Middle vent <--- C) Side vent D) Main vent

What are the three types of plate interactions?

A) Divergent plate boundaries B) Transform plate boundaries C) Convergent plate boundaries D) All of the above

What is the result of the friction caused by a Transform plate interaction?

A) Donald Trump B) Earthquakes along strike-slip faults <--- C) Volcanoes D) Tsunamis

How can earthquakes be caused by enhanced geothermal systems?

A) Drill deep into earth and fracture it B) Pump water into earth and extract it C) Both D) Neither

What kind of eruptions do cinder cone volcanos have?

A) Fire-fountain eruptions <--- B) Small eruptions C) Fire eruptions

Where did the shield volcano get its name?

A) From the explorer, William Shield B) All the names were taken C) It resembles a warrior shield <--- D) The name has no significance

What is unique about Yellowstone National Park?

A) It is a cool place to visit B) Past eruptions were so massive it covered much of North America in ash <---- C) Past eruptions were so massive it covered much of South America in ash D) It is the only supervolcano left

What does divergent mean?

A) It´s a reference to the popular movie franchise B) To move apart <--- C) To split apart D) To break apart

What happened to Pangea?

A) It´s still around today B) It broke into smaller continents and drifted apart <---- C) It broke into smaller continents but stayed known as Pangea D) Pangea never existed and was made by the government in order to cover up that Micheal Jackson is still alive

What two things can decrease the wave energy of a tsunami?

A) Man-made machines B) Preserving coral reefs C) Mangrove forest D) Both B and C <---

What is an example of a Composite volcano?

A) Mt. St Helens <-- B) Pompeii C) Mt. Paricutin D) None of these

What is an example of a cinder cone volcano?

A) Mt. St. Helens B) Mt. Fuji C) Mt. Paricutin <---

What was this supercontinent called?

A) Pangea <---- B) Africa C) Asia D) Pandora

Cinder cone volcanos are made from a pile of

A) Pile of ash B) Frogs C) Pile of rock pieces <--- D) None of the above

How do the tectonics build mountains?

A) Shapes geography of oceans, islands, continents B) Gives rise to earthquakes and volcanos C) Trick question they don´t D) All of the above

What shape is a Composite volcano?

A) Shield-shaped B) Cylinder-shaped C) Cone-shaped <--- D) None of the above

Where can volcanoes occur?

A) Subduction zones B) Rift valleys C) Ocean ridges D) Hotspots E) All of the above <----

What is the name of the type of lava that erupts from shield volcanos?

A) Sulfur B) Basalt <-- C) Granite D) Diamond

What is an example of a Pyroclastic flow?

A) The Himalayans B) Pompeii <--- C) None of the above D) All of the above

What is dragged along with the mantle?

A) The biosphere B) Nothing is C) The lithosphere <--- D) The stratesphere

What happens during a convection current when it is warm?

A) The mantle´s soft rock is pushed down B) The mantle´s soft rock is pushed up <-- C) Nothing happens to the mantle D) The mantle is destroyed

What happens during a convection current when it cools?

A) The mantle´s soft rock is pushed down <-- B) The mantle´s soft rock is pushed up C) Nothing happens D) It gets ice cold

What happens during a Convergent plate interaction?

A) They collide <--- B) They drift C) They split D) They dance

What does Divergent plate boundaries have?

A) Volcanoes and hypothermal vents <---- B) Obama C) Earthquakes D) Thunderstorms

Where are Cinder Cone volcanoes?

A) West of North America <---- B) South America C) Wisconsin D) Bolivia

What is an example of a hazardous consequence of plate tectonics?

A)Ring of Fire <--- B)Forest fires C)Himalayans D) None of the above

What continent is believed to be the site of the earliest giant continental landmass on Earth?

Africa

During the breakup of Pangaea, South America split off from ____________, North America split off from _________, and Australia split off from _______and drifted north.

Africa Europe Antarctic

The formation of the Alps is the direct result of collision between what two continents?

Africa and Europe

Evidence for the theory of continental drift was first proposed in 1912 by what German Scientist?

Alfred Wegener

The Grand Canyon is located in what state?

Arizona

What were two things that were released into the air by Mount Vesuvius, other than lava?

Ash and gas

Heat from Earth´s inner layers drives _____________

Convection currents

What do volcanoes do other than destroy?

Create

Plate tectonics produce __________

Earth´s landforms

T or F: lava can only flow slowly?

False. Both fast and slowly

What type of rock formed the first continents?

Granite

When Wegener first proposed his theory of continental drift, why did the scientific community reject his ideas?

He did not know how the continents moved or the heat within the earth

How did Pliny the Elder die at Pompeii?

He tried to observe the eruption but was overcome by poisonous fumes

The Himalayan mountain range formed as a result of the collision of what two tectonic plates?

Indian and Eurasian

What is a landslide?

Large amounts of rock or soil collapse and flow downhill

As radioactive uranium decays it turns into what stable element?

Lead

The heaviest elements, including _____and ______ sink in the early molten Earth to form the ______

Lead Nickle Molten core

Most scientists believe that the water that formed our oceans came from ______________ which contained water

Many meteors and asteroids

What are volcanoes?

Molten rock, hot gas, or ash that erupts through Earth´s surface

When continental crust collides with continental crust at convergent plate boundaries and no subduction occurs, what begins to form?

Mountains

What is an example of a shield volcano?

Mt. Kilauea

What volcano erupted in the year 79 AD?

Mt. Vesuvius

he lighter elements, including ______ and _______ rise towards the surface and erupt in volcanoes as molten rock.

Oxygen Silicion

250 million years ago the Grand Canyon began to form when what two plates began to collide?

Pacific and North American plates

Where does old seafloor sink back into the Earth to be recycled?

Subduction level

The 'giant jigsaw puzzle' of interlocking pieces that make up Earth's crust are called what?

Tectonic plates

4.6 billion years ago, the Earth is created from what?

The debris from the formation of the sun

Describe the relationship between the age of rock layers and the depth travelled into the Grand Canyon

The deeper you go the older the rocks are

What happens during a Subduction?

The denser oceanic crust slides beneath the lighter continental crust Ex: Cascades

The tectonic plates "float" on what layer of Earth?

The mantle

What are Plate Tectonics?

The movement of lithosphere plates beneath the earth

The continents are the "visible surface" of what?

The plates

T or F: Tectonics build mountains

True

T or F: The Lithosphere is dragged along with the mantle

True

T or F: changing climate through greenhouse gases changes rainfall patterns, increases drought, fire, flooding, and storms

True

T or F: earthquakes can be caused by enhanced geothermal systems?

True

What happens during a Continental Collision?

Two plates of continental crust collide Ex: Himalayas

Where does Earth give its most "spectacular performances"?

Where the plates touch

Why is granite less dense than other rock in Earth's mantle?

due to the lighter minerals that crystallized to form granite

List the 7 continents

north america, south america, africa, asia, australia, antarctica, europe

Heat escaping from the core creates in the next layer of the Earth ________________

the convection currents and the mantle .