EatRightPrep Exams Round 3
Who among the following would be the BEST candidate for proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9? A patient with coronary artery disease, a low-density lipoprotein level of 75 mg/dL, and taking Atorvastatin A patient who cannot tolerate statins A woman with type 2 diabetes and microvascular disease who is currently on a statin A patient with herterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH)
A patient with herterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) PCSK9 inhibitors are expensive medications that can significantly reduce LDL. The patient with coronary artery disease doesn't need PCSK9, as the statin has achieved the LDL target. The patient who cannot tolerate statins is not a candidate for PCSK9 because Zetia (Ezetimibe) can be used in combination with stanols/sterols. The woman with type 2 diabetes is not a candidate because a high-intensity statin would be the preferred medication.
What is the purpose of a tabletop drill in a foodservice organization? To repair foodservice equipment For emergency preparedness For sustainability practices To reduce energy use
A tabletop drill is used to help train department managers in preparedness for emergency situations.
Which "leadership powers" tend to be related to subordinate satisfaction and performance? Expert, referent Legitimate, expert Referent, reward Reward, legitimate
Expert, referent
If your facility requires 80 hours of work per week, how many full-time equivalents should you hire? 1 1.5 2 2.5
2
Shell eggs should be stored at or below 32⁰F. 41⁰F. 45⁰F. 50⁰F.
45....all others 41
For adults older than 19 years, how many grams of carbohydrate are needed daily for an adequate supply of glucose to the brain? 60 g 75 g 130 g 160 g
130 g
Full-time employees generally work 236 days per year. What is the full-time equivalent? 0.65 0.72 1.55 1.85
1.55 365 days each year ÷ 236 full-time workdays = 1.55 full-time equivalents (FTEs); therefore, 1.55 FTEs are required for each full-time position.
No more than _________ of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) weekly requirement for servings of fruit may be met by pasteurized full-strength, 100% fruit juice. one-quarter one-third one-half three-quarters
1/2
Which of the following phrases is the best example of how a dietetics practitioner should reiterate to the client information about his or her dietary intake of calcium? "The amount of calcium you eat is low." "Your dietary intake of calcium increases your risk for developing osteoporosis." "You eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day and the experts tell us to eat three." "People who eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day are at an increased risk for osteoporosis."
"People who eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day are at an increased risk for osteoporosis." Making a general response is less accusatory. This response shows that, in general, all individuals with limited calcium intake—not just the client—are at increased risk.
Which is the best question to ask when gauging a patient's level of commitment? "Which part of what we discussed are you ready to do?" "What would be the advantages of making the change?" "How do you want your health to improve?" "What's worked for you before?"
"Which part of what we discussed are you ready to do?" The questions presented in options B, C, and D are all are ways of evoking change talk. But asking about readiness to make change is a question about commitment. This is best demonstrated in option A.
Work/life balance can be defined differently depending on the generation one belongs to. Work/life balance defined by an employee in generation X can be operationalized as: "Work to live" "Live to work" "It's 5 pm, I have another gig" "Keep them separate"
"Work to live" More than previous generations, Generation Xers seek a greater work/life balance. They have strong loyalty to their family and friends but generally do not feel overly loyal to their employers.
Components of an emergency preparedness plan include all of the following EXCEPT _____. menu energy source equipment number of patrons
# of patrons An emergency preparedness plan typically details plans for food preparation in times when the organization is operating in an emergency situation. The plan may include menu, equipment for lack of electricity, gas, or water.
. What is the recommendation for percentage of calories from added sugars in the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans? No more than 2% No more than 5% No more than 7% No more than 10%
10%
Calculate the kcal from a 500 mL 20% intralipid in a parenteral nutrition regimen 500 750 1,000 1.250
1000 kcal 500mL x 2.0 kcal/mL =1000 kcal
What is the minimum internal cooking temperature of shell eggs that are hot-held for service? 165°F 155°F 145°F 135°F
155 Shell eggs that will be served immediately are cooked to 145°F, but shell eggs hot-held for service are cooked to 155°F.
A patient recently diagnosed with acute kidney injury has no evidence of chronic kidney disease but requires hemodialysis. If the patient is a 57-year-old male, weighs 70 kg, has a normal body mass index with no signs or symptoms of malnutrition, and skin is intact, what amount of protein would you recommend? 105 g > 140 g 56-70 g 42 g
105....1.5 g/kg with dialysis and aki
How old must a foodservice employee be in order to operate power-driven bakery machine? 18 17 16 15
18
A member of your staff had to go on a medical leave of absence. How many weeks of leave are you required to give them? 4 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks 16 weeks
12 weeks
What is the minimal final rinse temperature for a nonchemical dishwasher? 145°F 155°F 180°F 185°F
180°F
Dextrose solutions should not be administered at a rate higher than _____ g/kg/hour 0.36 0.05 0.63 0.75
0.36 Dextrose solutions should not be administered at a rate higher than 0.36 g/kg body weight/hour. This is the maximum oxidation rate of glucose. Excess glucose is converted to fat, which can result in fatty liver. In addition, the conversion of carbohydrate to fat can cause excess CO2 production, which is undesirable for patients with respiratory problems.
The indicator head of a bimetallic stemmed thermometer ranges from 32˚F to 212˚F. 32˚F to 220˚F. 0˚F to 220˚F. 0˚F to 212˚F.
0˚F to 220˚F.
Which measurement is the basis for a standard scoop size or disher serving? 1 cup 1 pint 1 quart 1 gallon
1 quart Scoops and dishers are based on level servings per quart. The utensil size specifies the number of servings so, for example, a serving from a #8 disher or scoop yields 1/8 of a quart
The biologically active hormone form of vitamin D is 7-dehydrocholesterol 25-hydroxyvitamin D D3 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D
1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D Vitamin D is considered to be devoid of direct biological activity. It must be first hydroxylated in the liver by a 25-hydroxylase and then in the kidney by a 1 alpha-hydroxylase, which is responsible for the synthesis of the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Which of the following correctly identifies amylopectin? Galacturonic acid units joined by 1,6 ß linkages 1,4 α glucosidic linkages only 1,4 α glucosidic linkages in addition to 1,6 α glucosidic linkages 1,4 ß glucosidic linkages only
1,4 α glucosidic linkages in addition to 1,6 α glucosidic linkage Amylopectin is the branched fraction of starch. The presence of 1,4 α glucosidic linkages that are linear, interrupted by occasional 6 α glucosidic linkages results in a very large branched structure.
This enzyme found in the kidney is needed for the conversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to the active form. 25-hydroxylase 24-hydroxylase 1- hydroxylase 22-hydroxylase
1- hydroxylase The 1-hydroxylase enzyme is found in highest concentrations in the kidneys and is responsible for converting 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (its active form). 25-hydroxylase is the enzyme responsible for the first required hydroxylation of D3 and is found in the liver. 24-hydroxylase is responsible for the breakdown of the vitamin.
Calculate the suggested selling price Pricing factor: 2.5 Number of portions = 36 Total cost of food: $15.00 $1.04 $0.42 $0.82 $2.081
1.04 Raw food/total number of portions = 0.42 × 2.5 = $1.04.
What is the protein requirement for patients on peritoneal dialysis? 0.6 g/kg to 0 8 g/kg 0.8 g/kg to 1 g/kg 1.2 g/kg to 1.3 g/kg > 1.3 g/kg
1.2 g/kg to 1.3 g/kg
How many 5-oz servings are in a 5-gallon tub of ice cream? 25 25.6 100 128
128 5 gal × 128 oz/gal = 640 oz divided by 5 oz = 128 servings
Using food-based menu planning, the required portion size for meat/meat alternate served in a reimbursable lunch to students in grades 9 through 12 must be 1 oz. 2 oz. 3 oz. 4 oz.
2 oz
. To lower LDL cholesterol, the Academy's Evidence Analysis Library recommends which level of daily plant sterol consumption? 1-2 g/day 2-3 g/day 4-5 g/day 6-7 g/day
2-3 g/day EAL (2008) recommends 2 g to 3 g plant sterol daily to reduce total cholesterol by 4% to 11% and LDL concentration by 7% to 15%.
A barbequed flavor seitan roll sells for $1.80/pound and has a 10% cooking loss and a 5% handling loss. What is the edible portion price per pound? $1.65 $1.89 $2.12 $2.39
2.12 ***AP price / EP yield = EP price. In this example, $1.80/0.85=2.117, or $2.12.
Which of the following is the recommended maximum amount of caffeine for healthy children aged 5 to 12? 5.5 mg/kg 3.5 mg/kg 2.5 mg/kg 1.5 mg/kg
2.5
For a food to be labeled "high in," "rich in," or an "excellent source" of a nutrient, what percentage of the Daily Value for that nutrient must be present? 10% 15% 20% 25%
20
If you need a saucepan that conducts heat well, which gauge would you choose? 4 10 14 20
20 The higher the gauge of a saucepan, the thinner the metal. Heavier stainless steel does not conduct heat well. Therefore, your best option in this case is a 20-gauge saucepan.
Based on the following patient data, which of these individuals would be eligible for bariatric (metabolic) surgery? 53-year-old man with sleep apnea, hypertension with body mass index (BMI) of 32 24-year-old woman with BMI of 50 48-year-old woman with BMI of 39 and no comorbid conditions 42-year-old man with BMI of 36 and steroid-induced obesity
24-year-old woman with BMI of 50 Bariatric surgery recommendations are as follows: BMI > 40 or BMI is between 35-40 with comorbid conditions. The 24-year-old with BMI of 50 clearly meets the criteria.
What is the recommended dietary fluid allowance for patients aged 65 years or older? 30 mL/kg 50 mL/kg 1.5 mL/kg 25 mL/kg
25 mL/kg
According to the US Department of Agriculture's MyPlate, what is the standard daily serving of milk, milk products, or milk substitutes for adults? 0 2 1 3
3 It is difficult for most people to obtain sufficient vitamin D from the diet if they are not drinking cow's milk or a fortified substitute such as soy or almond milk. For that reason, MyPlate encourages three servings of milk, milk products, or milk substitutes daily in adults.
What percentage of total energy from fat should be provided through an elemental (hydrolyzed) formula to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)? 1%-2% 3%-4% 2%-3% 4%-5%
3%-4%
To prevent aspiration in a patient receiving enteral nutrition, what is the appropriate range for the angle of the head of the bed? 15°-20° 20°-25° 25°-30° 30°-45°
30°-45°
Nipple feeding is likely to be successful if it is attempted once an infant reaches a gestational age of 28 weeks. 31 weeks. 32 weeks. 34 weeks.
32 weeks Grasping the nipple begins in preterm infants at about 28 weeks gestational age, and suckling and removing some milk begins at about 31 weeks. The coordination of suckling, swallowing and breathing develops between 32 and 35 weeks of pregnancy, though suckling for only a short time is typical at that age. (Breastfeeding skills typically fully develop at 36 weeks gestational age.)
What is the minimum width that aisles should be to accommodate individuals who require wheelchairs in a hospital cafeteria's foodservice line? 32" 34" 36" 40"
36
The World Health Organization growth charts for children younger than age 2 are based on data from which of the following populations? Infants who were primarily breastfed until 4 months of age. Infants who were primarily breastfed until 6 months of age. Infants who were formula fed due to free formula distribution Infants who were primarily breastfed until 2 months of age.
4 months The WHO growth curves are expected offer a single international standard that represents optimal physiological growth for all children from birth to 5 years of age and to establish the breastfed infant as the normative model for growth and development. The growth curves are based on data measured in infants who were primarily breastfed until age 4 months
Scoop size #8 for an entrée is equal to which of the following? 2 oz 4 oz 6 oz 8 oz
4 oz Scoop size #8 is equivalent to a ½cup portion, or 4 oz.
According to USDA guidelines, during a power outage the refrigerator should keep food safely cold for about ____ hour(s) and a full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately ______ hours if the door remains closed. 4, 48 1, 12 2, 24 6, 72
4, 48
At what age should peanut-containing foods be introduced to an infant whose family has a history of peanut allergy but no history of eczema? 4-6 months 6-12 months After age 3 Peanut-containing foods should not be introduced because of likelihood of genetic predisposition
4-6 months
Your sales goal for today is $1200. How many servings of a $3.99 entrée will get you to reach your sales goal? 100 200 300 400
400- need to sell minimum of 301 servings to meet goal
What is the acceptable receiving temperature for shellfish? 45° F 50° F 55° F 60° F
45
Your facility has a power outage. How long will food keep safely in the freezer if the freezer is full? 24 hours 48 hours 72 hours 96 hours
48....only 24 hours if freezer is HALF FULL
. An apple cobbler requires 5 lbs apples per pan. A raw apple has 78% yield. What is the edible portion (EP) price of the cobbler if apples costs $.80 per lb. $3.12 $4.00 $4.75 $5.12
5.12 5 lb apples divided by .78 = 6.4 lbs needed × $0.80 = $5.12
Your facility requires a cook, server, trayline personnel, and supervisor for 8 hours daily. How many full-time equivalents (FTEs) do you need to run your facility? 4 FTEs 5.2 FTEs 5.6 FTEs 6.4 FTEs
5.6 A full-time equivalent is based on the work done by a full-time employee, typically 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week, or 2,080 hours a year. In this question: you need 4 positions x 8 hrs/day x 7 days/week = 224 hours/week. Divide hours needed by FTE (224 hours / 40 hours) and you get 5.6 FTEs.
What is the recommended parts per million of available chlorine for a lukewarm, 1-minute chlorine bath used to sanitize dishes and utensils? 10 50 100 500
50
Weight and body mass index peak between age _____ and _____ years. 30 and 39 40 and 49 50 and 59 60 and 69
50 and 59
Individuals with intermediate age-related macular degeneration may benefit from a nutrient supplement called AREDS or AREDS2. What is the current formulation of AREDS2? 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids, 2 mg copper, 25 mg zinc 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 15 mg beta-carotene, 80 mg zinc as zinc oxide, 2 mg copper as cupric oxide 10 mg lutein,2 mg zeaxanthinm, 1000 mg omega-3 fatty acids (350 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 650 mg eicosapentaenoic acid), 25 mg zinc 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 1 g omega=-3 fatty acids, 2 mg copper, 25 mg zinc, 10 mg lutein, 2 mg zeaxanthin
500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 1 g omega=-3 fatty acids, 2 mg copper, 25 mg zinc, 10 mg lutein, 2 mg zeaxanthin The original AREDs formulation was 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 15 mg beta-carotene, 80 mg zinc as zinc oxide, and 2 mg copper as cupric oxide. However, beta carotene was found to increase incidence of lung cancer in smokers. Lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids were found to be beneficial, so they replaced beta carotene. Zinc was also confirmed as essential, but it is currently recommended at a lower dose.
How many carbohydrate servings, or exchanges, are in a meal comprising 1 cup granola, 1 cup skim milk, and 1 small banana 4 5 6 7
6 1 cup granola= 4 cho exchange 1 cup milk= 1 1 sm banana- 1
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) comprise how many carbon atoms? 6-12 2-4 18-22 22-26
6-12
What is the price of the edible portion (EP) of ground beef if the as purchased (AP) price is $3.99 per pound and the waste is 36%? $ 1.44 $ 6.23 $ 2.55 $ 4.35
6.23 Solution: AP price x EP yield = EP price. For this question: X/3.99 =100/64 (100 - 36) = 6.23 Cross multiply and divide 3.99 X 100 = 399/64 = 6.23
A pound of chicken breast costs $3.50/lb. EP yield percentage is .53. What is the EP price of the chicken breast? 1.86 2.49 0.15 6.60
6.60 AP price divided by EP yield = EP price. $3.50/0.53 =6.60. The edible portion price is $6.60.
How many servings of ice cream can be obtained from a gallon with a #16 scoop? 7.5 15 26 64
64 The #16 scoop size is 2 oz, and there are 128 oz in a gallon. Therefore, 128 oz divided by 2 oz = 64 servings
For all classes of obesity, the goal of enteral feeding in the intensive care unit should be _____ of target energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. 50% to 55% 55% to 65% 65% to 70% 70% to 80%
65% to 70% Rationale: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition expert consensus guidelines for critically ill patients recommends that the goal for enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit should be 65%-70% of target energy needs by indirect calorimetry or 11-14 kcal/kg/current body weight (CBW) for body mass index (BMI) higher than 30 if indirect calorimetry is not available.
. An employee used a #10 scoop instead of #12 scoop, which was intended for 400 servings of ice cream. How many servings are they going to be short? 67 104 125 155
67 A #10 scoop is 3.2 oz while a #12 scoop is 2.67 oz. 400 servings × 2.67 oz = 1068 oz, 1068 oz divided by 3.2 oz = 333 servings, 400 servings - 333 servings = 67 servings that they will be short.
What are the estimated kilocalorie needs of a 4-month-old infant who weighs 14 pounds? 509 623 687 724
687 Energy needs are calculated as 108 kcal/kg for infants 6 months of age and younger. For a 14 pound (6.36 kg) infant, 687 kcal is the estimated caloric requirement.
A person with diabetes has an insulin to carbohydrate ratio of 1:10. How much rapid-acting insulin would this person need to cover a 72 g carbohydrate meal? 6 units 7 units 9 units 15 units
7 unitzzzzzz yah
Which of the following is the correct Current Procedural Terminology code for Medicare initial individual assessment? 97802 97803 97804 G0270
97802 97803 is the code for reassessment; 97804 is the code for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) group; and G0270 is the code for MNT reassessment second referral. The Medicare initial individual assessment code is 97802
In order for a manufacturer to label a food as "healthy," it must contain <3 g fat and <120 mg cholesterol. <480 mg sodium. >2 grams of protein. >3 grams of dietary fiber.
<480 mg sodium. In order for a manufacturer to label a food as "healthy," it must contain <3 g fat; <1g saturated fat; <480 mg sodium; and <60 mg cholesterol
How long should parenteral nutrition be withheld in a well-nourished ICU patient who has been in a motor vehicle accident and is currently classified as NPO and enteral intake is not feasible? 72 hours >7 days 10 days 24 hours
>7 days According to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines, parenteral nutrition is not initiated until after 7 days following ICU admission if enteral nutrition is not feasible. Parenteral nutrition can result in an increased risk of morbidity and mortality and increased blood glucose, among other complications.
McGregor's Theory X states that the supervisor's role is to maintain close watch on employees to ensure that organizational goals are being met employee motivation comes primarily through money neither of the above A and B
A and B Theory X is an authoritarian style that emphasizes production and shows minimal concern for people who are working for the company.
What is the primary regulatory agency responsible for the safety of imported fish? Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) United States Department of International Commerce (USDIC)
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Which fire classification includes electrical fires caused by equipment, motors, switches, and frayed cords? Class A Class B Class C Class D
Class C a- regular combustible things like wood, etc b- stuff in kitchen like gas, oil etc c-electrical/frayed wires etc.electrical equipment, motos, switches, and frayed cords. d doesn't exist
An RDN notices an individual in a nutrition education group is monopolizing the conversation. What is the best course of action for the RDN? Politely ask the participant to give someone else a turn Ask a group member who has been quiet to share Pull the individual from the group With your back facing the group member who is too talkative, ask for a volunteer in the group to share
Ask a group member who has been quiet to share It may make others uncomfortable if the participant is confronted. Because members of the group will want you to facilitate and manage the group process, removing someone from the group is not the ideal solution.
Fruits and vegetables that have not been blanched prior to freezing are more susceptible to which kind of deterioration? Fermentation Browning Biological spoilage Freezer burn
Browning Blanching slows or stops the enzyme action. Enzymes help vegetables grow and mature. After maturation, however, the enzymes cause loss of quality, flavor, color, texture, and nutrients.
The first "milk produced by the mother, colostrum, is particularly high in which of the following compounds? Casein Lactose Carotenoids Essential fatty acids
Carotenoids Colostrum is high in carotenoids, which is why it tends to be yellowish in color; it is low in lactose and fat and rich in protein and antibodies.
The Standards of Professional _____ for dietetics professionals describes in general terms a competent level of behavior in the professional role. Practice Performance Preparation Proficiency
Performance
A child with phenylketonuria has deficiency of which enzyme? Phenylanine kinase Phenyalanine hydroxylase Phenylanine dehydrogenase Tyrosine kinase
Phenyalanine hydroxylase
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that affects transport of which mineral across the cell membrane? Sodium Potassium Phosphorus Chloride
Chloride Mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) on chromosome 7 results in the abnormal CFTR protein that transports chloride across the membranes of lungs, liver, pancreas, digestive track, reproductive tract, and skin.
Which of the following nutrients is not increased in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet? Potassium Calcium Magnesium Chloride
Chloride- not emphasized as an important nutrient in DASH...K+, Ca, Mag, protein, fiber are important to be rich in this diet
Which substance is necessary for production of bile? Cholesterol Long-chain fats Medium-chain fats Vitamin E
Cholesterol is of one of many components of bile; it is the primary sterol in bile.
An early body mass index rebound has been associated with which of the following? Lower risk of overweight and obesity Lower risk of cardiovascular disease Increased risk of cardiovascular disease Increased risk of overweight and obesity
Increased risk of overweight and obesity
A 32-year-old woman trying to get pregnant asks your advice about safety of eating fish. Which of the following fish would be safe for her to consume? Orange roughy Swordfish marlin Cod
Cod Orange roughy, swordfish,and marlin all have higher levels of mercury. Because it is low in mercury, cod is considered one of the safest fish choices for women who are pregnant, may become pregnant, or are breastfeeding
Coenzyme A is synthesized from which of the following vitamins? Thiamin Pyridoxine Pantothenic acid Biotin
Pantothenic acid
Which statement best describes the F component of the FADE performance improvement model? Choose a specific problem or process to improve Review data to better understand the current process Create a plan Complete a pilot study
Choose a specific problem or process to improve In the FADE model, F stands for focus; during this step, the process to be improved is identified and defined. Review of data is included in A, or analyze. Action plans are developed in D, or develop, and pilot studies are conducted in E, or execute.
Which of the following is an element of the Chronic Care Model (CCM)? Inclusive team management Comprehensive data collection Clinical information systems Employee motivation at all levels
Clinical information systems The Chronic Care Model encompasses care provided in the community and by health systems. Clinical information systems are part of the health systems component of the CCM. Motivation at all levels, inclusive team management, and comprehensive data collection are not specified elements of the CCM.
Which of the following financial terms represents current liabilities? Accrued expenses, depreciation Depreciation, retained earnings Retained earnings, accounts payable Accounts payable, accrued expenses
Accounts payable, accrued expenses *note: Depreciation is a fixed asset. Retained earnings are owner's equity
Which of the following is a current asset? Accounts receivable China Small equipment Retained earnings
Accounts receivable Current assets are those that are liquid or can easily be converted to cash. China and small equipment cannot be quickly converted to cash. Retained earnings are the part of income that is set aside by the company instead of being distributed to shareholders. Accounts receivable represent current assets.
Which federal legislation established an insurance program that protects covered employees against loss of earnings resulting from retirement, unemployment, or disability? American Disability Act Social Security Act Family and Medical Leave Act Employment Retirement Income Security Act
Social Security Act
As you are taking the nutrition history of a 60-year-old obese male (body mass index 39) referred to you for weight management, his wife states he snores loudly, is often sleepy during the day, and will often doze off in the evening while watching cable TV. You also observe that he has a large neck circumference. What is your first step? Administer the STOP-BANG test to assess for sleep apnea Refer the patient for a sleep study Recommend 10% body weight loss Recommend the patient sleep on his back
Administer the STOP-BANG test to assess for sleep apnea STOP-BANG is an acronym for Snoring-Tired-Observed-Pressure-Body mass index more than 35 kg/m2-Age older than 50—Neck size large-Gender=male. It is an easy test for an RDN to administer and can help patients understand their risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It would be premature to refer the patient to a sleep study because you don't yet know if the patient has OSA, and the referral may need to come from a primary care physician. Although you would want to recommend a 10% body weight loss, it isn't the first step in this scenario. Counseling the patient to sleep on his back isn't likely to help the problem.
Which of the following is not a consideration when translating educational materials in a culturally sensitive way? Content should be translated for meaning rather than word for word Always select a native speaker of the language to do the translation Avoid translating until the text is written well in English Use multiple reviewers to check for cultural and linguistic appropriateness
Always select a native speaker of the language to do the translation
To improve the balance of food groups and align the WIC program with the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, all of the following changes in WIC have been made EXCEPT Cash value voucher increased Amount of juice provided to infants has increased Foods provided in more than "supplemental amounts" (peanut butter, legumes) have been decreased Fish has been added to food packages
Amount of juice provided to infants has increased
Nutrition assessment for high cholesterol assesses intake of all of the following except _____. saturated fat cholesterol sugar sweetened beverages sodium
Sodium
A university operates food kiosks containing items that are purchased prepared and require minimal cooking before service. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation? Conventional Ready prepared Commissary Assembly/serve
Assembly/serve
What type of foodservice operation is sous vide? Conventional Assembly/serve Commissary Ready prepared
Assembly/serve Sous vide is classified assembly/serve because chefs purchase raw, fresh food, then seal it in pouches in their kitchen. The packages are then partially or completely cooked, rapidly cooled, and stored in refrigeration. Finally, during service, the packages heated in simmering water and the food is ready for service.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding telehealth? For eligible telehealth services, the use of a telecommunications system substitutes an in-person encounter. The interactive audio and video telecommunications system must permit real-time communication between the provider and beneficiary. Asynchronous store and forward is specifically intended to allow the medical professional to retain a transcript of electronic messages sent by the patient. RDNs, nurse practitioners, and nurse midwives, are among providers who may provide telehealth services and receive payment
Asynchronous store and forward is specifically intended to allow the medical professional to retain a transcript of electronic messages sent by the patient.
Which of the following is a recommendation for people with dumping syndrome? Avoid simple sugars such as sucrose Consume a low-fat diet for more efficient stomach emptying Sit up after meals Consume more liquids because they empty out of the stomach most easily
Avoid simple sugars such as sucrose Late dumping syndrome results from rapid movement of sugar into the intestine, which raises the body's blood glucose level and causes the pancreas to increase its release of the hormone insulin. The increased release of insulin causes a rapid drop in blood glucose.
What is the main positive cation present in extracellular fluid and essential for maintenance of the osmotic pressure? Sodium Hydrogen Potassium Magnesium
Sodium
The breakdown of fatty acids to yield acetyl-CoA is called glycolysis. lipolysis. ketogenesis. beta-oxidation.
B-oxidation Fatty acid catabolism involve three stages. The first stage of fatty acid catabolism is beta-oxidation. The second stage is acetyl coA oxidation to carbon dioxide. The third stage is electron transfer from electron carriers to the electron transfer chain.
Which of the following is a concern in patients who are unable to initiate an oral diet or enteral nutrition and need to start parenteral nutrition? Decreased peristalsis Increased peristalsis Inadequate energy intake Bacterial translocation possibly resulting in infection
Bacterial translocation possibly resulting in infection
Halitosis
Bad breath
One of a teacher's functions in andragogy is to_____. serve as a role model structure content serve as facilitator arrange for reinforcement
Be a facilitator In practical terms, andragogy means that instruction for adults needs to focus more on the process and less on the content being taught. Strategies such as case studies, role playing, simulations, and self-evaluation are most useful. Instructors adopt a role of facilitator or resource rather than lecturer or grader.
The following programs are recommended as primary interventions in school-based child and adolescent overweight prevention programs: Food environment changes, homework/reading/computer use changes, media influences, nutrition education Food environment changes, nutrition education, physical activity education Behavioral counseling, nutrition education, physical activity education, parental/family involvement None of the above
Behavioral counseling, nutrition education, physical activity education, parental/family involvement
. Which of the following is an example of safety needs in the workplace according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Challenging work, allowing creativity, opportunities for personal growth and advancement Benefits programs such as insurance and retirement plans; healthy working conditions; and competent, consistent, and fair leadership Friendly associates, organized employee activities such as bowling or softball leagues, picnics, parties Title and responsibility of job, praise and rewards as recognition for accomplishments, promotions
Benefits programs such as insurance and retirement plans; healthy working conditions; and competent, consistent, and fair leadership
Stools that are pale in color indicate a disturbance in the production or secretion of which of the following? Lipase Bilirubin Peptidases Amylase
Bilirubin Cholestasis or disruption of bile flow leads to lack of bile in the stools. Bilirubin confers the brownish color to stools. bilirubin formed in liver as breakdown of hemoglobin and bile and then excreted in stool
Prolonged use of PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) such as omeprazole can lead to bone fractures polyps constipation iron deficiency
Bone fx PPIs have been overprescribed and recent guidelines have directed providers when benefits outweighs risk. Gastric acid secretion can facilitate calcium absorption and acid suppressants such as PPI can decrease calcium absorption and bone density.
Included among the different forms of vitamin K are phylloquinone menaquinone Both of the above Neither of the above
Both
A patient has an alpha-gal allergy. Which of the following foods should be avoided? Fried chicken Hamburger Almond milk Whole grain bread
Burger Alpha-gal is a relatively newly identified allergy that is thought to be caused by Lone Star ticks carried by deer in rural and urban areas. The prevailing hypothesis is that after the tick bites a person, eventually IgE to alpha-gal develops. Once IgE to alpha-gal reaches sufficient levels, red meat intake can trigger an allergic response. Most red meat allergic response has been reported in the Southeast United States, which has experienced an increase in the deer population.
A manager who punishes, threatens, or fires employees who do not comply is using what type of authoritative style? Reward power Referent power Coercive power Connection power
coercive power
. Which of the following lipoproteins is not synthesized in the liver? Low-density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein Chylomicron Very low-density lipoprotein
Chylomicron Chylomicrons are synthesized by the intestine and carry dietary lipids
Carotenoids are incorporated into _____ within the enterocyte to be taken to the lymph system and eventually the blood. Micelle Retinoic acid Chylomicrons Blood albumin
Chylomicrons are formed within the enterocyte and carry carotenoids along with triacylglycerols out of the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte and enter the lymph system. Micelles carry carotenoids into the apical membrane of the enterocyte. Retinoic acid can leave the enterocyte and directly enter the blood and travels bound to blood albumin to the liver.
Q. Which preservative is often used as a fungicide and mold preventative in bakery products? Calcium propionate Calcium carbonate Calcium silicate Calcium alginate
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in bread and other baked goods. It keeps bread and baked goods from spoiling by preventing mold and bacterial growth.
Once full compliance with the US Food and Drug Administration's updated requirements for nutrition labels on food products is required, which nutrients must be included as an amount and a percentage on the nutrition label? Calcium, vitamin D, iron, potassium Vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin C, and sodium Calcium, vitamin C, iron, sodium Calcium, vitamin D, iron, and vitamin C
Calcium, vitamin D, iron, potassium Calcium, vitamin D, iron, and potassium are considered key nutrients. Percentages and amounts are included for consumers who are seeking to attain or limit their intake to a specific level.
What does the FDA not regulate? Vegetables Dietary supplements Canned meat Dairy
Canned meat The US Food and Drug Administration regulates much of the US food supply, as well as dietary supplements, bottled water, food additives, and infant formula. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has authority over components of the meat, poultry, and egg supply.
Which of the following is a young, castrated male chicken, which is very tender and meaty? Broiler Poussin Capon Fryer
Capon Broilers and fryers are young chickens of either sex. Poussin are small, immature chicken. Capons are young, castrated male chickens.
Which of the following compounds is necessary for transporting non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) into mitochrondria for beta-oxidation? Lecithin Carnitine Taurine Glutamine
Carnitine Carnitine is a part of carnitine acyltransferase (CAT) and necessary for transporting NEFA into the inner mitochondria for beta-oxidation.
Which non-essential compound is used to transport non-esterified long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta oxidation? Cysteine Carnitine Choline Cholesterol
Carnitine Carnitine, found in most body tissues, is needed for the transport of fatty acids. This is especially true for long-chain fatty acids, which need carnitine across the inner mitrochondrial membrane for oxidation.
What is the predominant protein in cow's milk? Albumin Casein Whey Soy isolate
Casein- 80%. when precipitated at ph of 4.6, will form a soft curd. whey is collective term for milk proteins at ph 4.6 whey is the liquid that drains from curd of clotted milk. whey contains lactose, lactalbumin, lactoglobulin, water soluble vits and minerals when milk is heated, when protein precipitates out on the bottom of the pan or on the surface of the milk. an acid precipitates casein in milk milk is good source of calcium, phos, riboflavin, vit a and d but LOW in iron....larger intakes of milk may displace high iron foods, leading to iron deficiency anemia
Which condition involves damaged enterocytes caused by ingesting foods that are not harmful to most people? Food allergy Lactose intolerance Celiac disease Food sensitivity
Celiac In celiac disease, enteropathy is caused by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Immune activation in response to proteins in certain grain foods results in intestinal damage
Which of the following is responsible for reviewing safety information related to food ingredients and food packaging? Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) International Food Information Council (IFIC) Food Safety Alliance for Packaging (FSAP) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) Each of these entities addresses different food regulations, but CFSAN is the agency that reviews safety information for ingredients and packaging.
_____ are responsible for catalyzing change in an organization. Managers Change agent Transactional agent Leaders
Change agent- ppl who serve as catalysts for change in an org
How should screening for gestational diabetes be handled in a client that has a history of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and experiencing dumping syndrome? 1-hour glucose tolerance test Hemoglobin A1c Check levels after fasting and 2-hour post-breakfast for 1 week during the period of 24-28 weeks' gestation. 3-hour glucose tolerance test
Check levels after fasting and 2-hour post-breakfast for 1 week during the period of 24-28 weeks' gestation. GTT can trigger dumping syndrome since it's a high sugar load and can cause hyper-osmolar enviornment in the small bowel
In the Nutrition Care Process, estimated energy needs, estimated fiber needs, and recommended body weight/body mass index/growth are examples of: Anthropometric measurements Food/nutrition-related history Physical activity and function measurements Comparative standards
Comparative standards
Which of the following managerial skills is essential for executive management? Communication Human Conceptual Organizational
Conceptual
Which of the following statements is true? Conceptual skills are most important at upper levels of management. Human skills are most important at lower levels of management. Human skills are most important at upper levels of management. Conceptual skills are most important at lower levels of management.
Conceptual skills are most important at upper levels of management. Conceptual skills integrate all activities and interests of the organization; therefore, they are more important at the higher levels of an organization.
In which type of foodservice is food processed onsite and then prepared and distributed on the premises and served after holding for a short period of time? Conventional Ready prepared Commissary Assembly/serve
Conventional
Which phrase best describes a leader? Copes with complexities, seeks to be understood, empowers Organizes, motivates, copes with complexities Seeks to be understood, perseveres, copes with change Copes with change, empowers, perseveres
Copes with change, empowers, perseveres
. Iodine deficiency in a pregnant woman can lead to development of which condition in the newborn? Goiter Cretinism Dwarfism Keshan disease
Cretinism Rationale: Iodine deficiency in the mother can result in cretinism in the newborn. Goiter is a condition seen in adults with iodine deficiency, leading to compensatory enlargement of thyroid gland. Keshan disease results from selenium deficiency. Dwarfism is unrelated to nutrition.
Which of the following is a physical link between safe water and dirty water, which can come from drains, sewers, or other wastewater sources? Air gap Backflow Vacuum breaker Cross-connection
Cross-connection
Which type of athlete is most likely to benefit from glycogen loading? Professional baseball player College football player Competitive 10K runner Cross-country skier
Cross-country skier Because a competitive 10K is a short-endurance, high-intensity activity, glycogen loading would not be indicated. Carbohydrate loading is a process that involves altering training and carbohydrate intake so muscle glycogen stores are maximized. Carbohydrate loading may be of benefit particularly in endurance-type exercise.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) inhibits which enzyme to reduce inflammation? Cytokines producing enzymes Histamine producing enzyme Lipooxygenase Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase Cyclooxygenase—COX 1 and COX 2—are blocked by NSAIDs.
Which federal agency regulates wines with less than 7% alcohol? Federal Trade Commission (FTC) US Department of Commerce (USDC) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Department of the Treasury
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The FDA regulates wines with lower alcohol content (less than 7%). The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau is responsible for oversight and regulation of all other alcoholic beverages
Which term best describes overall space planning that includes defining the size, shape, style, and decoration? Design Layout Blueprint Scheme
Design
What kind of agenda is distributed to the board before a meeting and is voted on for approval without filing individual motions? operational agenda consent agenda meeting agenda approved agenda
consent agenda
Which statement best describes the P component of the PDSA performance improvement model? Determine how changes will be implemented Implement the intervention Determine the impact of the intervention Implement and monitor the plan
Determine how changes will be implemented PDSA, or Plan-Do-Study-Act, is an iterative, four-stage problem-solving model used for improving a process or carrying out change. The P component of PDSA includes planning how changes will be implemented. Actual implementation of the changes is included in D, determining the impact of the change is part of S (study). A, or act, includes reflecting on the plan and the outcomes.
When using the plan-do-study-act (PDSA) process, which of the following occurs during the plan phase? Determine how to collect data Train staff on new process Evaluate the effectiveness of the project Reduce wait time for appointments
Determine how to collect data
Which of the following is not a product of tryptophan? Epinephrine Niacin Serotonin Melatonin
Epinephrine-Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine are synthesized from tyrosine.
Which vitamin deficiency is likely to develop in a patient with liver disease? A E D K
D- from impaired synthesis and absorption
Which of the following is a main component of continuous quality improvement (CQI)? Development of new products or services Data collection Grass-roots initiatives Identification of high performing areas
Data collection CQI involves use of the scientific method for data collection. Other components include the identification of need including areas of low quality, commitment of management, prioritization, planning, and organization.
What causes the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes? Increase in insulin resistance at the site of the beta cells Decrease in insulin production by the beta cells Insulin resistance at the site of the fat and muscle cells Insulin resistance and less insulin production by the pancreas occurs at the same time
Decrease in insulin production by the beta cells Prediabetes occurs when an individual develops insulin resistance. This increases the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas. When the pancreas is no longer able to compensate for the increased glucose levels caused by insulin resistance, glucose levels rise, usually resulting in the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Which is NOT a characteristic of metabolic alkalosis? Elevation in the pH Increase in plasma HCO3- concentration Compensatory hypoventilation and rise in PCO2 Decrease in plasma HCO3- concentration
Decrease in plasma HCO3- concentration Under normal circumstances, the kidneys are able to correct metabolic alkalosis by excreting the excess HCO3- in the urine. An increase in HCO3- concentration is caused by impairment in renal excretion, resulting in metabolic alkalosis.
After reviewing the results of menu engineering, what is the best way to manage a puzzle? Remove the item from the menu. Decrease the menu item's selling price. Serve smaller portions of the menu item. Give the item top priority on the menu.
Decrease the menu item's selling price.
This emulsifier is manufactured by splitting a fatty acid off triacylglycerol molecules and is useful in frozen desserts, shortening, and margarine. Lecithin EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) Diglycerides Glycerol
Diglycerides At high temperatures, triglycerides are capable of rearranging into monoglycerides and diglycerides. Diglycerides are emulsifiers that are used in the food industry to improve texture, stability, volume, softness, aeration, homogenization, and shelf life.
Which recipe adjustment method does not require all ingredients to be converted into weights and volumes? Factor Percentage Direct reading measurement tables All three methods require conversion
Direct reading measurement tables Direct reading measurement tables is simple and quick to use because it requires no mathematical calculations.
Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients can be used by primary care providers to assess the following EXCEPT _____. dietary intake alcohol consumption physical activity drug use
Drug use
Which of the following elements is part of the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) framework for health care quality? Institution-focused Equitable Responsive to change Focused on choosing a process to improve
Equitable The IOM defines health care quality as care that is patient-centered, equitable (no disparities), timely, safe, effective, and efficient. Selection of a process that needs improvement is a component of a quality improvement program.
Which additive might be useful as a sequestrant to maintain whiteness of canned potatoes? Disodium inosinate Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Guar gum Dipotassium phosphate
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) A class of food additives known as sequestrants can be added to food to react with trace metals in foods, forming tightly bound complexes (sequestered), thereby preventing the decomposition of the food. The sodium and calcium salts of EDTA are common sequestrants in many kinds of foods and beverages.
Which of the following does NOT occur during the catabolic phase in liver disease? Decreased glucose oxidation Increased protein catabolism Increased circulating glucose Increased fat catabolism
Increased circulating glucose The catabolic phase is characterized by increased protein and fat catabolism. Decreased glucose oxidation, resulting in a decrease in circulating glucose, also occurs during this process.
Participants are randomly assigned to follow one of three specific diets plans for 7 weeks to assess the impact of varying amounts of high-fructose corn syrup consumption on serum triglyceride levels. What kind of study is this? Experimental Case-Control Qualitative Descriptive
Experimental In experimental study design, participants are randomly assigned to treatment groups. This does not occur in case control or qualitative studies. "Descriptive" is not a type of study.
_____ is the terminology for timing of meals and snacks and types and amounts of foods eaten to achieve nutrition goals? Food and beverage plan Eating plan Diet plan Diabetes diet plan
Eating plan
. What is ozone used for in food processing? Freezing food Modifying atmospheric packaging Blanching vegetables Effectively disinfecting and sanitizing
Effectively disinfecting and sanitizing
. Which of the following is considered an output of a foodservice system? Distribution and service Policies and procedures Employee satisfaction Menu
Employee satisfaction
he Campinha-Bacote Model of Cultural Competence includes the interdependent constructs of cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural desire, and cultural _____. understanding communication encounter integration
Encounter
What are the stages of motivational interviewing? Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning Express empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance, support self-efficacy Exploring each component of DARN (desire, ability, reason, need) Affirmation, autonomy, accurate empathy, absolute worth
Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning The principles listed in option B are components of motivational interviewing, but they do not represent the stages in the process. To explore DARN is to consider the reasons someone would change and can be part of evoking. The items listed in option D are the 4 components of acceptance.
What decisional roles does a manager perform when committing an organization to specific courses of action and/or determining unit strategy? Disseminator, leader, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator Monitor, resource allocator, entrepreneur, and/or figurehead Liaison, spokesperson, monitor, and/or disseminator Entrepreneur, resource allocator, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator
Entrepreneur, resource allocator, disturbance handler, and/or negotiator
Which grain contains gluten and should be avoided by a client with Celiac Disease? Farro Teff Quinoa Millet
Farro Many ancient grains are gluten free, but farro does contain gluten, as it is made from wheat. Teff, quinoa, and millet are all gluten free and are safe for individuals with celiac disease.
The largest hunger-relief organization in the United States is UNICEF. Feeding America. Meals on Wheels Association of America. The Hunger Project.
Feeding america
People who eat a Western diet largely have _____ in their gut microbiota. Firmicutes Fusobacteria Bacteroidetes Cyanobacteria
Firmicutes The typical, highly processed Western diet results in a preponderance of firmicutes in the gut microbiota. Bacteroidetes are common in the gut microbiota of Africans who consume a diet that is very high in fiber.
Which of the following financial terms includes accumulated depreciation? Fixed assets Owner's equity Liability Gross profit
Fixed assets Accumulated depreciation is the total depreciation of an asset up to a given date, which is subtracted from the original cost of the item. Accumulated depreciation is included in an organization's fixed assets.
Agenda mapping typically occurs in the _____ process of motivational interviewing. Engaging Evoking Focusing Planning
Focusing During the focusing process of motivational interviewing, agenda mapping is an effective technique that is used in the preliminary phases of consultation to create a plan or goal for a client's appointment or treatment.
An elevated homocysteine level could be an indicator of which vitamin deficiency? Vitamin A Vitamin C Biotin Folate
Folate
The FDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, and CDC jointly publish this reference document for regulatory agencies responsible for overseeing food safety in retail outlets: Food Code Food Law FoodNet Food Regulations
Food Code
Which agency would regulate the manufacturing of chicken noodle soup? Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) US Department of Commerce (USDC) US Public Health Service (USPHS
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) The FSIS is responsible for the inspection of meat and poultry, as well as all products made from them.
The RDN developed a learning activity that asks clients to circle the foods that contain carbohydrate. This is considered a _____ type of assessment Formative Summative Cognitive Observational
Formative A formative assessment is conducted during the learning process. It allows the RDN to adjust the approach to teaching based on participants' understanding. A summative assessment evaluates student learning, knowledge, or proficiency upon completion of a course.
____________ is a process that uses sublimation to prepare high-quality preserved foods. Pulsed light processing Ozonation Modified atmospheric packaging Freeze-drying
Freeze-drying Sublimation is defined as "the transition from the frozen state directly to the gaseous state without liquefaction" and is used in food processing to produce foods with superior flavor profiles, color retention, and results in a product that is both light in weight and airy in texture. When freeze-drying, foods in the frozen state are placed in a vacuum chamber to extract all frozen water from the food's molecules, resulting in a food that has been dehydrated while in the frozen state.
Which food would be most likely to contain propyl gallate? Gelatin dessert Nonfat dry milk Frozen pork sausage Canned tomatoes
Frozen pork sausage Propyl gallate is an antioxidant that is added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. Oxidation is most likely to occur in products that contain fat, including sausage.
What decision-making technique focuses on the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what the competitor does? Game theory Simulation Artificial Intelligence Queuing theory
Game theory A variety of decision-making techniques have been developed. Game theory introduces a competitive note to decision-making by bringing into a situation the actions of an opponent. The objective is to obtain the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what a competitor does. Simulation utilizes devices for imitating real-life occurrences and studying their properties, behaviors, and operating characteristics (eg, virtual reality). Artificial intelligence attempts to duplicate the thought processes of experienced decision makers (eg, expert systems). Queuing balances the cost of waiting lines against the cost of preventing them by expanding facilities.
Which of the following does not have an effect on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement of body composition? Gas in the intestinal tract Hydration status Body fatness Use of alcohol
Gas in intestinal tract Gas in the intestinal tract affects underwater weighing but has no effect on BIA. BIA depends on total body water, so only factors that affect hydration status can affect the results of BIA assessment.
Which of the following glucose-lowering medications would require patient education about treatment of hypoglycemia? Metformin (Glucophage) Sitagliptin (Januvia) Pioglitazone (Actos) Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Glimepiride (Amaryl) Among the options, glimepiride (Amaryl) is the only secretagogue, which means the mechanism of action is stimulating the pancreas to make insulin, thereby causing the possibility of low blood glucose.
. What is the name of the transporter that distributes fructose to different tissues in the body? Glut-1 Glut-3 Glut-2 Glut-5
Glut-5 Glut-5 is primarily located in the apical membrane of the jejunum and is the main transporter of fructose from the lumen to the enterocytes.
Which of the following diabetes medications should not be prescribed to an elderly person as it has a higher risk of severe prolonged hypoglycemia and is listed in the 2015 Beers criteria? insulin degludec (Tresiba) Metformin Sitagliptin (Januvia) Glyburide
Glyburide Metformin and sitagliptin do not cause hypoglycemia. Insulin degludec is a long-acting insulin that can be safely used in elderly individuals. Glyburide is unsafe to use in an elderly population and is among the medications listed in the Beers criteria for medications potentially inappropriate for older adults.
Which of the following is not characteristic of the catabolic phase of metabolism? Fever Hypercatabolism Increased oxygen demands Glycolysis
Glycolysis The catabolic phase is characterized by increased protein and fat catabolism. Decreased glucose oxidation is also part of this process, resulting in a decrease in circulating glucose.
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) involves grading evidence to support clinical guidelines and guide practice recommendations. Which of the following statements is valid regarding the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' system? Grade I indicates strong evidence to support a recommendation. Grade I indicates minimal evidence to support a recommendation. Grade I indicates expert opinion to support a recommendation. Grade I indicates fair evidence to support a recommendation.
Grade I indicates strong evidence to support a recommendation.
Which equation does not provide an accurate energy estimate for those with liver cirrhosis? Harris -Benedict Penn State Mifflin-St Jeor RMR
Harris -Benedict The prediction of resting energy expenditure (REE) using the Harris-Benedict equation is not accurate in more than 50% of patients with liver cirrhosis.
Which milk alternative typically contains the most protein per 8-oz serving? Hemp Almond Coconut Rice
Hemp Hemp milk generally contains 5 g protein per 8 oz as compared to almond milk, coconut milk, and rice milk, which contain 1 g protein per 8 oz.
Which of the following would restrict one of your nutrition services employees from food handling? Acne Hepatitis A HIV Hepatitis B
Hep A can be transmitted through food
Which of the following are a likely diagnosis if acanthosis nigricans are present? High blood sugar Hypertension in a person who is also diabetic High insulin levels in the blood Low insulin levels in the blood
High insulin levels in the blood Insulin crosses the dermoepidermal junction to affect the keratinocytes. The binding of excess insulin to insulin-like growth factors stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, leading to acanthosis nigricans.
Which of the following is NOT true for the breastmilk produced by a mother with a premature infant compared with the breastmilk of the mother of a full-term infant? Lower in lactose content Higher in vitamin A content Higher in protein content Higher in energy content
Higher in Vit A content Breastmilk from a woman with a premature infant is higher in protein, slightly lower in lactose, and higher in energy content.
What toxin is commonly linked to tuna, bonito, mackerel, and mahimahi? Anisakis simplex Vibro vulnificus Histamine Ciguatoxin
Histamine
Which of the following sets of resources is a core concept of management principles? Human, physical, financial Human, emotional, financial Financial, emotional, physical Physical, authoritative, financial
Human, physical, financial
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of anti-retroviral (ARV) medications? Fatigue Nausea and vomiting Hypoglycemia Lipidystrophy
Hypoglycemia ARV medications have short-term and long-term side effects, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus , hyperlipidemia, and lipidystrophy. Hypoglycemia is not a side effect of ARV medications.
Which of the following equations were used in the development of the US Dietary Guidelines and MyPyramid? Harris-Benedict IOM Estimated Energy Requirement Schofield Revised Harris-Benedict
IOM Estimated Energy Requirement Harris-Benedict and Revised Harris-Benedict equations are widely used for energy estimation calculations in clinical practice. The Schofield equation was used for formulating the Recommended Dietary Allowances.
Which statement best describes the F component of the FOCUS-PDSA performance improvement model? Identify a process to improve Develop a team Explain the current process Maintain and continue improvement
Identify a process to improve' The first step of the FOCUS-PDSA model is F, or find, and its purpose is to identify the process that needs to be improved. Development of the team is included in O, or objectives; explanation of current processes is part of C, or clarify the problem; and maintenance and continued improvement are part of A.
Which of the following is NOT true about using chlorine as a chemical sanitizer? ph should be less than 8 The temperature of the solution should be >75°F and <115°F Immersion must occur for 2-3 seconds It is nonreactive in hard water
Immersion must occur for 2-3 seconds want at least 7 seconds
Which statement best describes the "D" component of the PDSA performance improvement model? Determine how changes will be implemented Implement the intervention Determine the impact of the intervention Maintain and continue improvement
Implement the intervention PLAN DO STUDY ACT
What is the recommendation for attenuating lean body mass loss in post-resuscitation patients recovering from sepsis? Increase protein and kilocalories Decrease protein and kilocalories Increase protein but decrease kilocalories Increase kilocalories but decrease protein
Increase protein and kilocalories An acute catabolic response in sepsis contributes to rapid loss of lean body mass. Attenuating loss of lean body mass in post-resuscitation patients recovering from sepsis requires increased protein and kilocalories.
How does energy intake affect patients with pulmonary failure? Increases CO2 production Increases oxygen transport Decreases CO2 production Decreases oxygen production
Increases CO2 production Reduced energy intake related to decreased appetite, depression, lower physical activity, and dyspnoea while eating, as well as systemic inflammation, all contribute to undernutrition in patients with pulmonary failure
What type of budget uses the existing budget as a base and projects changes for the ensuing year in relation to the current budget? Fixed Incremental Flexible Zero-based
Incremental Fixed budgets (also known as static budgets) do not change based on variations in business. Flexible budgets are able to change depending on business activity. Incremental budgets use existing budget numbers as a base with incremental amounts added relative to the current budget.
Which of the following statements is true with regard to NPIs (national provider identifiers)? NPI requirements are no longer applicable if a billing agency is responsible for transactions. NPI numbers change if an RDN moves from one state to another If an NPI isn't used within 12 months, it is automatically deactivated Individual practitioners who don't meet HIPAA coverage criteria may still need an NPI.
Individual practitioners who don't meet HIPAA coverage criteria may still need an NPI. The NPI is a unique, 10-digit number that identifies a health care provider; the NPI is specific to an individual and doesn't change. An EIN number is separate from an NPI and is important if you are working in private practice. All health care providers (individuals or organizations) who are HIPAA-covered entities are required by law to obtain an NPI when transmitting electronic health information in connection with HIPAA standard transactions, even if the transaction is prepared by a third-party billing agency. And some individuals who don't meet HIPAA coverage criteria may still be required to obtain an NPI. RDNs who work in a private practice setting need to these specific numbers to assist with "credentialing" or becoming a recognized health care provider of an insurance plan. The Academy encourages all members to obtain an NPI to ensure there are adequate numbers of RDNs who can provide service.
Who among the following would have difficulty with breastfeeding? Infant with extrusion reflex Infant with cleft lip Infant with cleft palate Infant with colic
Infant with cleft palate Babies born with cleft palates cannot create enough suction to withdraw milk from the breast. Infants with cleft lip have few feeding problems, extrusion reflex is normal , and there is no association between colic and feeding difficulties.
Which of the following populations have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency? School-age children and children ages 3 to 5 years old Infants and school-age children Infants and adolescents Children ages 3 to 5 years old and adolescents
Infants and adolescents Infants have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency because their diets are primarily milk based, and milk is not high in iron. Adolescents have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency because of their increased iron needs to support the rapid growth that occurs at this point in the lifespan.
Intake of _____ should be carefully monitored in patients with kidney disease because phosphorous is more easily absorbed from this source. Dairy Meat Inorganic phosphate food additive Whole grains
Inorganic phosphate food additive Dietary phosphorus is found in organic and inorganic sources. Organic sources are animal and vegetarian; inorganic sources are food preservatives. A concern for patients with chronic kidney disease is that the body could absorb as much as 100% of inorganic phosphorus via processed foods. Because absorption rate is variable among different sources, whether a phosphorus source is organic or inorganic and whether it is animal or vegetarian, is noteworthy for this population. Emphasize intake of plant-based proteins and foods containing no inorganic phosphorus additives in these patients.
_____ is when two or more professionals learn with and from, each other and learn about each other's professions with the goal to improve collaboration and quality of medical care. Interprofessional education Multiprofessional education Collaborative practice Multidisciplinary education
Interprofessional education In multidisciplinary education and multiprofessional education, students can be taught together, but no interaction between professionals occurs. In interprofessional education, educators and learners from two or more health professions jointly create and foster a collaborative learning environment. These efforts are intended to develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes that enhance interprofessional team behaviors and competence.
GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that is produced in the stomach intestines colon pancreas
Intestines GLP-1 is synthesized in and secreted from enteroendocrine cells found throughout the small and large intestine. Secretion is upregulated with the presence of food in the GI tract.
Which of the following is designed to examine how effectively an organization is utilizing its assets? Assets to liabilities Debt to equity Inventory turnover Break-even point
Inventory turnover The assets-to-liabilities ratio calculates the percentage of assets provided by debt. The debt-to-equity ratio tells what percentage of the company's assets are funded by shareholders' equity and debt. The break-even point is where expenses and revenue are equal. Effective use of inventory assets is reflected in the inventory turnover ratio.
What function does basal insulin perform? It manages blood sugar that is too high after meals It evens out slight increases in blood sugar that occur after eating snacks It evens out slight increases in blood sugar due to the action of glucagon It keeps blood sugar from becoming too low in people who use insulin pumps
It evens out slight increases in blood sugar due to the action of glucagon Plasma glucagon concentrations are inappropriately elevated in people with diabetes, and α-cell suppression by hyperglycaemia is blunted. Evidence suggests that this contributes to greater rates of hepatic glucose production in the fasting state.
Which of the following is true of "Ask Me 3"? It is intended for patients to become more active members of their health care team It is an alternate form of the "teach back" method It is a tenet of patient safety goals by asking the patient 3 identifiers It employs "teach back" to improve patient communication
It is intended for patients to become more active members of their health care team 1. What is my main problem? 2. What do I need to do? 3. Why is it important for me to do this?
Choose the statement that best describes the function of copper. It is involved in taste perception. It is a component of the thyroid hormone. It is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin. It enhances insulin activity.
It is necessary for the formation of hemoglobin. Copper helps the body make hemoglobin; serves as a part of many body enzymes; helps the body develop connective tissue, myelin, and melanin; and helps the body produce energy in the cells.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using reflective listening? It conveys empathy It slows down the process of client visits It encourages "change talk" It is useful when you want to ask a client to begin taking action
It is useful when you want to ask a client to begin taking action : Summarizing statements are most effective when the provider wants to ask a client to begin taking action.
Which of the following lists the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job, the job's working condition, and the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform it? Job specification Job identification Job qualifications Job description
Job description A job description details the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job, as well as the working conditions and tools and equipment to be used on the job.
Which cation has a higher concentration in the intracellular space compared to extracellular space? Sodium Potassium Chloride Phosphorus
K+ Potassium is a cation that is located in both the intracellular and extracellular spaces but it has a higher concentration in the intracellular space.
The energy needs of an infant from birth to 12 months of age depend on the following factors except _____. growth rate length weight temperature and climate
Length The current energy intake recommendation of 98 kcal/kg to 108 kcal/kg body weight for infants is based on weight, growth rate, sleep/wake cycle, temperature and climate, physical activity, metabolic response to food, and health status and recovery from illness. Length is not a factor that affects energy needs.
What is the recommendation for a patient who has tested positive for a soy allergy based on a blood test but does not react when consuming tofu, even in larger amounts? Continue to consume tofu, but switch to low-fat tofu Limit tofu to once per month because eating it frequently might promote a reaction Repeat the blood test Continue to consume the tofu
Limit tofu to once per month because eating it frequently might promote a reaction Blood tests and skin prick testing for food allergies reflect sensitization to an allergen but not clinical response. False-positive results are common. Allergy testing confirms a suspected diagnosis. A patient with these results does not currently have an allergy to soy but is prone to develop allergic symptoms. Therefore, the patient's tofu consumption should be limited to reduce the risk of an allergic reaction.
Which of the following best represents transformation processes for a foodservice system? Following standards, communication, management functions Management functions, establishing goals and objectives, linking processes Linking processes, management functions, functional subsystems Functional subsystems, management functions, following standards
Linking processes, management functions, functional subsystems
What is the function of BHA and BHT in food products? Emulsifier Lipid oxidation prevention Enzymatic oxidation prevention Flavor enhancer
Lipid oxidation prevention
What is the term for the ratio regarding whether an organization can pay its bills when due? Liquidity Solvency Activity Profitability
Liquidity Liquidity ratio is the ratio between liquid assets and liabilities. This ratio represents the relationship between the organization's cash on hand/assets that can be readily converted to cash and the current financial obligations.
If a patient is receiving infusion from an elemental (hydrolyzed) nutrition support formula, what will the fat source be? Long-chain and medium-chain triglycerides Soy lecithin Safflower oil Long-chain triglycerides
Long-chain and medium-chain Rationale: Elemental (hydrolyzed) nutrition support formulas are typically utilized in patients that may have impairments in their digestive process. Therefore, long-chain and medium-chain triglycerides, which have lower impact on the gastrointestinal tract, are present within these formulas.
According to the Fried criteria, which of the following is a criterion for diagnosing an elderly individual as frail? Shortness of breath, poor appetite, weight loss of >10 lb in 1 year Number of comorbid conditions, depression, needing assistance with activities of daily living Exhaustion, cognitive impairment, limited social support Loss of 10 lb or more in 1 year, weakness, slow walking pace
Loss of 10 lb or more in 1 year, weakness, slow walking pace The Fried criteria require that three of the five following criteria are present for a diagnosis of frailty: Unintended weight loss (measured as 10 pounds or more lost in 1 year), weakness (measured as grip strength in lowest 20% at baseline using dynamometer), exhaustion (self-reported exhaustion, identified by 2 questions on CES-D scale), slow walking speed (measured as slowest 20% of population at baseline based on 15 feet timed walk, and low physical activity level (based on weighted score of energy expended per week calculated from patient report of physical activity)
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Medicare Beneficiary Identifiers? They are designed to replace Social Security numbers to protect beneficiaries from fraudulent use of supplemental security income MBIs are mandatory MBIs are mandated by the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) of 2015 MBIs use 11 characters, as opposed to the 9-digit health insurance claim number (HICN)
MBIs are mandatory To reduce the risk of beneficiary medical identity theft, MACRA mandated removal of HICNs, which are based on social security numbers, by 2019.
If a _____ deficiency is corrected, an adult with heart failure may reduce the risk of tachycardia? B12 sodium vitamin D magnesium
Mag Research suggests magnesium supplementation may reduce ventricular ectopic beats, couplets, episodes of non-specific ventricular tachycardia, or premature ventricular contractions.
Which three foods have the largest environmental impact? Sugary drinks, meat, dairy Vegetables, bread, fruit Meat, dairy foods, poultry Fish, seafood, dairy
Meat, dairy foods, poultry
When baking muffins, which of the following is most likely to have a deeper brown crust? Muffin made with baking powder and solid sugar Muffin made with baking soda and solid sugar Muffin made with baking soda, buttermilk, and solid sugar Muffin made with baking powder and liquid sugar
Muffin made with baking soda and solid sugar The Maillard reaction is most likely to occur in the presence of an alkali environment. Without the addition of an acid, the batter with baking soda and solid sugar will result in a deeper brown color compared with the other options listed.
_____ is the accumulation of excess fat in the liver. NAFLD NASH fibrosis Cirrhosis
NAFLD Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is fatty buildup in the liver with inflammation or scarring, and NAFLD is the accumulation of fat in the liver. Cirrhosis is the most severe consequence of NASH.
What organization creates national standards for foodservice equipment? CDC FDA NSF OSHA
NSF
Which research design is not used in sensory evaluation? Paired comparison Observational Duo-trio Staircase procedure
Observational Paired comparison, duo-trio, and staircase procedure are all types of sensory evaluation. In a paired-comparison test, judges are asked to determine which sample has the target sensory attribute. In a duo-trio test, a judge is given three samples wherein one is an identified reference sample and the others are unknown to the judge, who is asked determine which two are identical. In the staircase procedure, one sample with an easily identifiable stimulus is given, and the judge is given less and less concentrated versions until they can't detect it, and then given more and more concentrated until they can (the purpose of this design is for determining thresholds of perceptibility). Observational research design describes when the researcher observes ongoing behavior.
Of the following foods, which can be safely processed in a boiling water canner? Carrots Pears Pumpkin Beets
Pears...since it is very acidic. others with ph >or equal to 4.5 can use pressure canner
Which pectic substance found in mature fruits loses its ability to form a gel? Pectic acid Pectinic acid Pectin Protopectin
Pectinic acid As fruit ripens, there is maximum protopectin present; thereafter, it breaks down to pectin, pectinic acid, and, finally, pectic acid Protopectin- pectin- pectinic acid (where it loses ability to form gel)- pectic acid
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the American Heart Association's Salty Six foods? Bread and rolls Pizza Sandwiches Olives
Olives Salty 6: breads and rolls, cold cuts and cured meats, sandwiches, pizza, soup, chicken
For a food to be labeled "light" or "lite," how many calories can it contain? At least 25% fewer calories than the regular food Less than 5 calories One-third fewer calories than the regular food No more than 40 calories
One-third fewer calories than the regular food
What is the most effective test to screen cystic fibrosis patients for diabetes? A1c Oral glucose tolerance Random blood glucose Fructosamine
Oral glucose tolerance Oral glucose tolerance is the most effective test for screening cystic fibrosis patients for diabetes. Fructosamine and A1c levels have low sensitivity in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Which of the following classes of medication would require patient education on recognition and treatment of low blood glucose? SGLT2 DPP4 GLP1 Oral hypoglycemic agents
Oral hypoglycemic agents Secretagogues, including oral hypoglycemic agents, stimulate the pancreas to release insulin; the other medications do not work in the same way.
Which of the following weight management medications could complement a weight management nutrition intervention for a child age 12 years or younger? Liraglutide Orlistat Phentermine Lisdexamfetamine
Orlistat The FDA has only approved orlistat as a weight-management drug for pediatric patients younger than 12. Liraglutide is a drug to treat to treat type 2 diabetes. Phentermine is a chemical component of Qsymia, which is an FDA-approved weight-management drug.
What term is used to indicate the monetary value of a property or business beyond any amounts owed? Total assets Owner's equity Long-term liabilities Gross profit
Owner's equity
The reaction H2 --> 2H+ + 2e- represents: redox. reduction. oxidation. oxygenation.
Oxidation
An 18-year-old female presents for a consultation about weight. She has a BMI of 35.1 and a waist circumference of 37 inches. During the nutrition-focused physical exam, the RDN observes facial acne, hirsutism , and alopecia. A medical diagnosis of _____ would support these physical findings Hypothyroid PCOS Type 2 diabetes Hyperthyroid
PCOS Given the presence of alopecia, acne, obesity, and hirsutism , the patient likely has polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) related to insulin resistance.
When evaluating print and audiovisual patient education material for understandability and "actionability," which of the following is the BEST tool? PEMAT (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool) REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) SMOG Ask Me 3™
PEMAT (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool) PEMAT is the best tool for evaluating print and audiovisual patient education material for its understandability and "actionability." REALM evaluates health literacy, SMOG is a measure of readability that estimates the number of years of education one needs to have attained to understand a piece of writing, and Ask Me 3™ is a patient education program designed to improve communication between patients and health care providers.
Health consequences of overweight and obesity include all of the the following EXCEPT: Cancer Arthritis Pneumonia Asthma
PNA...PNA associated w/ ppl who are underweight
Which health education planning model demonstrates that lasting behavior change is voluntary and must include input from the client? PATCH The 10-step Planning Model PRECEDE-PROCEED CDCynergy
PRECEDE-PROCEED
Which of the following would be covered by the FDA's gluten-free labeling rule? Packaged seafood Dried eggs Alcoholic beverages Ground meat
Packaged seafood FDA's gluten-free labeling rule covers packaged food, including supplements, intended for human consumption that fall under the labeling jurisdiction of the FDA. It does not cover foods regulated by the USDA (including dried eggs, poultry, and meat), alcoholic beverages regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, cosmetics, or medications.
Which ingredient used in cola beverages has been shown to negatively affect cardiovascular function? Citric acid Sodium Caramel coloring Phosphate
Phosphate A high-phosphate intake has been shown to impair endothelial cell function in the vascular system. "Free" (unorganically bound) phosphate that is added to food is very efficiently absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, unlike organically bound phosphate that occurs naturally in protein-dominant foods and some grain foods.
Which of the following processes does NOT need to be present in motivational interviewing? Engaging Focusing Evoking Planning
Planning- pt may not be ready to change but MI may still be used even without setting goals
Which of the following is considered a functional fiber? Polydextrose B-glucan Cellulose Lignin
Polydextrose Polydextrose is a functional fiber. B-glucan, cellulose, and lignin are all considered dietary fibers.
________________ describes the linking together of free fatty acids during frying, which makes the oil more viscous and prone to foaming. Polymerization Smoke point Flashing Hydrolytic rancidity
Polymerization Polymerization increases oil viscosity, decreases oil quality, and leaves a sticky film on fryers, manufacturing equipment, and front-of-house surfaces.
Which of the following is the strongest predictor of an individual's health status? Age Employment Income Poor health literacy skills
Poor health literacy skills age, employment, and income may affect a person's health status, but nothing is stronger a predictor than health literacy skills
Which of the following food items are not identified by quality grading? Chicken Eggs Canned fruit Pork chops
Pork chops There is a grading system for pork, but it is only at the processing level. Pork is not graded with USDA quality grades as it is generally produced from young animals that have been bred and fed to produce more uniformly tender meat.
Where in a cooler would you store raw eggs? Top shelf Middle shelf Bottom shelf Next to the salad
Poultry, including raw eggs, should be stored on the bottom shelf.
A patient is newly diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. She indicates she is not interested in adding the recommended iron-rich foods to her diet because she doesn't believe she will like them. At which stage of change is this person? Prepared Contemplative Precontemplative Maintenance
Precontemplative
Which of the following describes total quality management? Processes, improvement, customer satisfaction Outcomes, meet standards, accreditation Proactive, empowerment, outcomes Prevention, standard procedures, diagnostic
Processes, improvement, customer satisfaction
Which additive would inhibit mold in soda pop? Sorbitol Sodium benzoate Caramel Propyl gallate
Sodium benzoate is a preservative, bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
Yogurt manufacturers have branched out into Greek yogurt, high-fiber yogurt, bacteria-enhanced yogurt, and more because they believe customers prefer yogurt products. By doing so, which of the following marketing concepts are these manufacturers applying? Product Selling Manufacturing Societal
Product Yogurt manufacturers are using the concept of product when they offer many different types and flavors of yogurt. Selling, manufacturing, and societal marketing concepts do not focus on offering different types of the same product.
A foodservice employee dissatisfied with a newly implemented policy in his department tells his supervisor that another employee is displeased with the policy rather than admitting his personal displeasure. What type of defensive behavior is this? Substitution Withdrawal Projection Compensation
Projection
Which of the following is not characteristic of an effective performance appraisal system? Performance expectation Continuous open communication Due process Promotion
Promotion
Which of the following nutrients uses the highest amount of energy for metabolism and storage? Fat Protein Carbohydrates Alcohol
Protein Diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) is commonly determined by calculating the difference between energy expenditure after food consumption and energy expenditure, divided by rate of nutrient energy administration, and presented as a percentage. Energy balance is affected by the higher DIT value of alcohol and protein. In satiety related to DIT, protein has a critical role in food intake regulation. High-protein diets are more effective in weight maintenance and post-weight loss via energy efficiency reduction induced by higher thermogenesis and increased satiety that reduces intake.
Which model of cultural competence identifies the primary and secondary features of culture. Purnell Campinha-Bacote Leiningers Sunrise Campinha
Purnell The Purnell and Campinha-Bacote cultural competency models are the two most popular frameworks used by health care professionals. The Leiningers Sunrise model emphasizes respect for a patient's culture but it doesn't give cultural competency context for health care professionals to use in practice. The Purnell model comprises 12 domains and focuses on primary and secondary features of culture.
A medical center produces and chills menu items until heated for serving. What name is given to this type of foodservice operation? Conventional Ready prepared Commissary Assembly/serve
Ready prepared
Which of the following is NOT considered a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's dual theory of motivation/hygiene? Salary Company policy Recognition Working conditions
Recognition According to Herzberg, hygiene factors do not motivate but simply prevent employee dissatisfaction and act as a precondition for motivation. In Herzberg's theory, salary, company policy, and working conditions are all hygiene factors, whereas recognition is a motivator.
Which one of the following foods would likely cause an increase in the gut level of TMAO (trimethylamine-N-oxide)? Red meat Tofu Chicken Beans
Red meat The blood concentration of TMAO has been shown to increase after ingestion of dietary l-carnitine and phosphatidylcholine, which are both high in beef.
Lost CO2 associated with hyperventilation can lead to which of the following conditions ? Metabolic acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis Reduced CO2 and excessive amount of base (bicarbonate) lead to a shift in acid-base balance, causing respiratory alkalosis.
itamin A is necessary for the synthesis of this protein, which is important for vision. Retinol binding protein Retinoic acid Beta-carotene Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin Vitamin A is needed to form rhodopsin, a pigment protein for vision. Retinol-binding protein is one of two transport proteins of retinol. Beta-carotene doesn't play a role in vision. Retinoic acid in the forms of all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid are needed for the other functions of vitamin A.
Which of the following is used to estimate body surface area related to severity of burns? Mifflin-St Jeor Curreir Ireton-Jones Rule of Nines
Rule of Nines The rule of nines is used to make a rapid estimation of body surface area that has been burned. Estimation of affected body surface area assists in assessment of the extent of the injury and helps provide the basis for prescribing fluids and medications.
A handwashing station must be equipped with the following items: Running hot and cold water, soap, single-use paper towels, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work. Running hot water, soap, a warm-air dryer, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work. Running hot and cold water, soap, hand sanitizer, towel to dry hands, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work. Running hot water, hand sanitizer, single-use paper towels, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work.
Running hot and cold water, soap, single-use paper towels, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work.
According to the Joint Commission, which of the following is fundamental to cost-effective performance improvement? Safety Professional expertise Technology Employee motivation
Safety Patient safety is a major concern in all health care settings. A focus on safety in performance improvement programs leads to cost savings through prevention of medical errors.
Which of the following does not improve the readability of nutrition education materials? High contrast San serif font Non-glossy paper Bold type
San serif font Font choice is an important consideration to improve the readability of education materials. San serif fonts do not have "feet" and studies have shown that they are harder to read.
A patient has developed vancomycin resistant enterococcus and is being treated with Linezolid. What type of food should be avoided? Non-nutritive sweeteners Shellfish Tree nuts Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut Linezolid is an antibiotic in the same class of medications as MAOI. As a result, a patient on Linezolid should avoid high-tyramine foods to prevent potential interaction.
Which of these food products is made primarily from wheat? Tempeh Seitan Miso Lecithin
Seitan. from wheat gluten. rest are soy based
Which of the following type of interview questions asks the candidates how they would behave in a hypothetical scenario? Case study interview question Situational interview question Behavioral interview question Unstructured interview question
Situational interview questions ask candidates how they would behave in hypothetical situations. An example of a situational interview questions is, "What would you do if you saw another employee stealing food?"
The greatest number of employee injuries in kitchens is from burns. contusions. sharp knives. slippery floors.
Slippery floors
_____ sampling is a method whereby name of prospective interview subjects for a statistical study are obtained from subjects already interviewed Snowball Probability Purposive Convenience
Snowball : In snowball sampling, prospective interview subjects for a statistical study are culled from an existing pool of interviewed subjects.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is seen in individuals with deficiency of which vitamin? Thiamin Ribofalvin Niacin Pyridoxine
Thiamin...typically seen w/ alcoholics
Which federal regulation requires that any intended use of color additives in meat, meat food products, or poultry products subjects the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) inspection include a petition filed with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)? Standards of Additives Standard of Identity Standards of Quality Standards of Fill
Standard of Identity
In the systems model, transformation depends on the requirements of the functional subsystems. Which resource would be most important for the distribution and service subsystem of a school cafeteria? Steam table Storeroom School nutrition staff Vendor delivery schedule
Steam table Functional subsystems are classified according to their purpose and may include procurement, production, distribution and service, and sanitation and maintenance. Distribution and service subsystems of the cafeteria include steam table because storeroom and delivery do not fit that subsystem.
Dry heat methods of food prepration include all of the following except _____. Ovens Deep fat fryers Broilers Steam-jacketed kettles
Steam-jacketed kettles This is a Single Choice Question; skip ahead to question content Incorrect Correct answerYour answer A Bx C D Confidence Level: LowMediumHigh Time Spent: 0 min 36 secs Difficulty Level: Difficult Q. Dry heat methods of food prepration include all of the following except _____. Ovens Deep fat fryers Broilers Steam-jacketed kettles Solution: The correct answer is D. Steam-jacketed kettles are used for simmering and stewing. This type of equipment is used for moist heat cooking. Dry heat methods of cooking include baking, pan-frying, sautéing, broiling, roasting, and deep-fat frying. Moist heat methods of cooking include simmering, braising, poaching, stewing, pot roasting, and steaming (such as steam-jacketed kettles).
Which of the following sweeteners is made with rebaudioside A? Neotame Aspartame Sucralose Stevia
Stevia Stevia is made with rebaudioside A. The sweeteners neotame, aspartame, and sucralose are made with other compounds.
Which of the following managerial terms describes the continuous and systematic process in which decisions are made about intended future outcomes, how outcomes are to be accomplished, and how success is measured and evaluated? Accountability Effectiveness Organizing Strategic planning
Strategic planning
As a nutrition manager of an ambulatory care practice, you have decided clients should pay for nutrition services upfront even if they are reimbursed by third-party payers. What is the appropriate document to provide so the client can submit for reimbursement? Invoice Superbill Statement CPT
Superbill You might provide invoices and statements as part of the business transaction, but you would issue a superbill to the client for insurance reimbursement. A superbill includes private health information such as diagnosis and ICD-10 codes.
Which diet plan for patients with cardiovascular disease follows the US Dietary Guidelines for physical activity, saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, and consumption of fiber, stanol esters, and whole grains? DASH REAP TLC CAGE
TLC The Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet incorporates physical activity; decreased saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium intake; and increased consumption of fiber, stanol esters, and whole grains.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)? The CAC is funded by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The CAC develops international standards and codes to promote growth of industry. The United States is required by international law to abide by Codex standards. The Codex lacks a standard for labeling of prepackaged foods.
The CAC is funded by the FAO and the WHO. The CAC develops international standards and codes to protect consumers. The Codex maintains a standard for labeling of prepackaged foods but the United States is not required by international law to abide by Codex standards.
Which of the following is true about I-9 forms? The I-9 form needs to be completed only by the individual being hired I-9 forms are needed for employees who are awaiting a green card The I-9 form needs to be completed by all US employers and employees to verify the individual's identity and employment authorization I-9 forms need to be completed by all non-US citizens.
The I-9 form needs to be completed by all US employers and employees to verify the individual's identity and employment authorization
What is the role of the liver in fat metabolism? The liver is needed for fat absorption from the small intestine The liver excretes fat that cannot be used The liver stores fat when it is consumed in the form of triglycerides The liver recycles fat and converts fatty acids to carbohydrates
The liver is needed for fat absorption from the small intestine Bile from the liver is needed for fat absorption. Bile is released and breaks down fats. When bile is not present, the liver can retain fatty acids, resulting in fatty liver.
Which of the following is not a potential role of probiotics? They prevent pathogenic bacteria from colonizing. They reduce fecal bulk production, which minimizes available food for other pathogens. They acidify the pH of the colon by producing fermentation products such as short-chain fatty acids. They enhance the host's immune defense system by increasing secretory IgA production.
They reduce fecal bulk production, which minimizes available food for other pathogens. Probiotics are thought to benefit the hosts by performing all these functions except instead of reducing fecal bulk, they actually increase fecal bulk, reducing transit time and shortening the time that toxic substances remain in the colon.
What name is given to standard methods of accounting and presentation of financial statements that provide comparability of financial data within an industry? Public accounting Internal auditing Uniform systems of accounts Cost accounting
Uniform systems of accounts Public accounting may include work with clients to issue educated tax advice. Other public accounting practices are used to provide advice on business decisions and transactions or insurance and benefits. Public accounting encompasses a wide range of accounting roles. Internal auditing examines a company's financial records, ensuring their quality and legality. Uniform systems of accounts represent standard methods of accounting within an industry.
Why are excipients added into the formulation of medications? To slow down absorption in the GI tract To increase or decrease the rate that the drug dissolves in the GI tract To increase the pH of the drug To make the drug more acidic
To increase or decrease the rate that the drug dissolves in the GI tract
What is the meaning of "saponify"? To turn fat into liquid by reaction with an acid To turn fat into soap by reaction with an acid To turn fat into liquid by reaction with an alkali To turn fat into soap by reaction with an alkali
To turn fat into soap by reaction with an alkali
When the diet is adequate in protein, the body can synthesize niacin from which amino acid? Phenylalanine Valine Tyrosine Tryptophan
Tryptophan
Diabetic ketoacidosis is most commonly seen in which type of diabetes mellitus? Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Type 1 diabetes Diabetic ketoacidosis is commonly present when type 1 diabetes is diagnosed, though it is often mistaken for the flu. Symptoms include elevated urine ketones, severe weight loss, extreme thirst, blurred vision, lethargy, and disorientation. Inadequate insulin leads to increased lipolysis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids, resulting in overproduction of ketone bodies and loss of ketone bodies in the kidneys. This leads to retention of hydrogen ions, lowering the serum pH. It is a serious, life-threatening condition.
Which of the following government agencies is responsible for setting the quality standards for fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, and eggs? US Department of Commerce (USDC) US Department of Agriculture (USDA) US Public Health Services (USPHS) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
Which of the following agencies oversees voluntary inspection and grading of fish and fish products? Department of the Treasury Food and Drug Administration (FDA) US Department of Commerce (USDC) US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
US Department of Commerce (USDC)
The Joint Commission outlines patient safety goals annually. Which of the following are patient safety goals in an outpatient setting? Use medications safely, identify patients correctly, prevent infections Follow written safety procedures, prevent falls, individualize care Manage cases individually, record patient progress, encourage follow-up Demonstrate individual practitioner competence, administer medications accurately, post all safety procedures
Use medications safely, identify patients correctly, prevent infections Correct identification of patients using at least two patient identifiers decreases the risk for wrong-patient errors. National patient safety goals also include prevention of infections.
Which of the following is not considered to be a sustainable practice in food production? Recycling Composting Pulping Use of organic food products
Use of organic products Sustainable practices include use of more locally grown products, waste reduction, and resource conservation.
After gastric bypass surgery, a patient has an increased risk for deficiency of which of the following? Vitamin C Potassium Vitamin B-12 N-3 fatty acids
Vitamin B-12 deficiency occurs in as many as 30% of gastric bypass surgery patients. Gastric resection or bypass of the body of the stomach also reduces mechanical digestion and acid secretion, which impairs digestion and absorption of iron, vitamin B-12, and other protein-bound nutrients and diminishes or abrogates the secretion of intrinsic factor, further impairing the absorption of vitamin B-12.
Which of the following is NOT included in assessment of functional status in older adults to perform daily activities to meet basic needs and live independently? Eating Telephoning Food preparation Walking
Walking
Which of the following are the correct CDC growth charts to use in a child care center for assessing the growth of a 6-year-old boy? Weight-for-age and length-for-age charts Weight-for-age and stature-for-age charts Stature-for-age and weight-for-stature charts Length-for-age and weight-for-stature charts
Weight-for-age and stature-for-age charts Weight-for-stature charts are used in 2- to 5-year-olds; length-for-age and weight-for-age are used in infants and toddlers from birth to 36 months. Weight-for-age and stature-for-age charts are used in children aged 2 to 20 years.
Which of the following nutrients is essential for growth and sexual maturation in adolescents? Calcium Selenium Zinc Iron
Zinc
Retrogradation, which occurs in starches, can be defined as a reforming of hydrogen bonds into crystalline regions as the starch paste is held. a decreased swelling of the starch granules as sugar competes with starch for water. the breakdown of a starch paste when acid is added at the beginning of the cooking period. swelling of starch granules upon exposure to heat.
a reforming of hydrogen bonds into crystalline regions as the starch paste is held. During storage, the hydrogen bonds between amylose molecules in starch gels will break and rearrange themselves in tighter organized structures, resulting in retrogradation.
To prevent protein precipitation (curdling) when making cream of tomato soup add acid to milk rather than milk to the acid. add milk to acid rather than acid to the milk. use a cross-linked starch for thickening. use only skim milk.
add acid to milk rather than milk to the acid. When the acid from tomatoes mixes with the neutral milk, the proteins in the milk gather together in curds. To prevent this, add the acid (tomato soup) to the milk rather than the milk to the acid.
To prevent backflow, a cross-connection should be created. an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink should be created. a physical link between the potable and contaminated water supply should be created. multiple sources of water should be used to increase water pressure.
an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink should be created.
When using the andragogy theory and strategy of learning, the nutrition professional should _____ arrange for those close to the clients to provide positive reinforcement. serve as a role model, for example, by selecting nutrient-dense, lower-energy foods from a buffet. carefully structure information about weight loss so that essential concepts are easy to identify. assist clients in identifying weight loss strategies that could work for them.
assist clients in identifying weight loss strategies that could work for them. One of the principles of andragogy is that adults need to be involved in the planning of learning and the teacher facilitates the learning and assists with identifying reinforcers.
A foodservice operation has a 1.93 current ratio. This value indicates to creditors that the foodservice operation most likely will not be able to meet long-term financial obligations. not be able to generate profit in relation to sales. be able to control expenses. be able to pay bills when due.
be able to pay bills when due Current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The resulting number indicates an organization's ability to meet current financial obligations, and therefore, is a measure of bill-paying ability. Creditors use the current ratio to help determine if an organization has sufficient assets to repay debts over the next 12 months. Current ratios that are greater than 1 indicate the organization most likely will be able to pay bills when due and over the next 12 months.
. Which of the following is allowed in the diet of individuals with fructose intolerance? Guava Berries Papaya Watermelon
berries
Which of the following represents the price quote from seller? Invoice Purchase order Requisition Bid
bid
According to the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, which of the following hazards cannot be communicated through warning symbols on product labels? health hazard flame hazard explosion hazard broken glass hazard
broken glass The Occupational Health and Safety Administration's Hazard Communication Standard uses symbols for the following hazards: health hazard, flame, irritant, gas cylinder (under pressure), corrosion, explosive material, oxidizers, aquatic toxicity (non-mandatory), and acute toxicity.
Because insulin and _____ are secreted in the bloodstream in equal amounts, ____ can be used as a clinical indicator of endogenous insulin production. glucose c-peptide glutamic acid cortisol
c-peptide Insulin is secreted as two polypeptide chains joined by disulfide bonds. C-peptide is released when the two chains separate.
Two fats that are high in saturated fat and solid at room temperature include coconut oil and safflower oil. corn oil and palm kernel oil. soybean oil and palm oil. coconut oil and palm kernel oil.
coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Coconut oil is 91% saturated fat, palm oil is 51% saturated fat, soybean oil is 15% saturated fat, corn oil is 13% saturated fat, and safflower oil is 10% saturated fat.
Q. For the needs of infants born prematurely, human milk is deficient in potassium and phosphorus. calcium and phosphorus. sodium and potassium. calcium and sodium.
calcium and phosphorus. Human milk does not meet the calcium and phosphorus needs for normal bone mineralization in infants born prematurely. Therefore, breastmilk can be supplemented with human milk fortifiers that contain calcium and phosphorus.
_____ is the process in which a buyer will open cans of different brands for comparisons before placing an order. Can comparison Bid comparison Packer's comparison Can cutting
can cutting
Hospital room service is a _____ style of service. centralized decentralized self-service blue plate
centralized Centralized meal assembly is where food items are prepared and assembled on trays before being transported to other locations for service.
Collaborative planning sessions to gain input from all who might be affected by a new kitchen design are called charrettes conclaves commissions caucuses
charrettes
All of the following indicate a breastfeeding infant has a good latch EXCEPT Lips flanged Wide mouth next to breast nipple Cheeks indented Chin well into breast
cheeks indented An infant's cheeks should be rounded when latched onto the breast
To prevent deterioration of canned sauces, which should be used? Pregelatinized starch High-amylose starch Resistant starch Cross-linked starch
cross-linked starch When you cross-link starch, a chemical bond takes place between the starch chains. By cross-linking the starch, you get the following properties (compared to native starch): shorter texture, stability at low pH values, and heat/shear stability.
. Xerostomia is a condition marked by which of the following? Abnormal smell and taste Cloudiness of cornea Inflammation of lips and gums Decreased salivary secretion and dry mouth
decreased salivary secretion/dry mouth
Quality in the foodservice system is a program to eliminate defects. a radical redesign of business processes for dramatic improvement. a source of increasing costs. defined by the customer through his or her satisfaction.
defined by the customer through his or her satisfaction.
The wholesalers are _____ in the marketing channel. producers manufacturer suppliers distributors
distributers Distributors are responsible for transferring products from the processor to the supplier. Manufacturers create equipment-type products like machinery, tools, or technology. Producers create non-machinery items such as food. Suppliers are an intermediate who provide (food) products to the distributor. The distributor provides the customer with the product.
With regard to staff members having and consuming food and beverage items in patient care areas, Joint Commission standards require that all food and beverages be consumed in break areas. do not specifically address this issue. prohibit food and drinks if contamination might occur. require that an environment or care risk assessment be performed to address potential patient safety issues.
do not specifically address this issue. The Joint Commission standards do not specifically address the issue of food and drink being present and/or consumed in patient care areas. However, the Joint Commission does require compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as the institution's own policies and procedures; thus it is possible that the organization per se or state or local laws would prohibit food and drink in clinical areas even though Joint Commission does not prohibit this directly.
All of the following are true of solanine except _____. it is toxic. it is developed when foods are exposed to light. it is an alkaloid substance. if it is detected, the food should be discarded.
if it is detected, the food should be discarded Solanine develops when foods such as potatoes are exposed to light and grows new green tubers or sprouts. A potato doesn't need to be discarded if solanine is detected. The green areas can be peeled off and the remaining parts are still edible. Solanine is unlikely to be found in large concentrations in the potato itself when compared to the toxic levels present in the green tuber or sprouts (caused by light).
Bioactive compounds can be described as: trace elements extra nutritional constituents of foods conditional amino acids minor minerals
extra nutritional constituents of foods Bioactive compounds are not vitamins nor minerals; they are substances found in small quantities in a wide variety of foods. The myriad compounds differ in chemical structure but can be classified into groups. Many bioactive compounds confer a health benefit.
What is the main fuel source for patients with liver cirrhosis? Fat Protein Carbohydrate Water
fat Cirrhotic patients have respiratory quotients that are lower than controls after an overnight fast. This indicates that cirrhotic patients are burning more fat as fuel.
The standards established by the FDA include standards of identity, standards of minimum quality, and standards of production. processing. labeling. fill.
fill
Which of the following foods should be limited in women taking tamoxifen? Tofu Edamame Chickpeas Grapefruit juice
grapefruit juice Grapefruit is known as interfering with a host of medications, including tamoxifen. Meanwhile, there is a lot of misinformation regarding soy and estrogens. Though there are concerns regarding "phytoestrogens" in soy foods that have led to recommendations that women who take tamoxifen should avoid soy foods (the hypothesis is that these foods could negate the medication's estrogen-blocking effects), research demonstrates that soy foods appear to enhance or improve tamoxifen's breast cancer-blocking actions.
. A sensory evaluation panel is based on what type of food acceptability test? Hedonic scale Taste threshold test Triangle test Paired comparison
hedonic scale
The term for the process of normal cell growth by an increase in cell division and number is _____. Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaphasia
hyperplasia In dysplasia and metaphasia, the cell number increases as a result of disease or injury. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in cell number because of growth.
Which of the following denotes an enlargement of an organ or tissues caused by growth in cell size? Hyperplasia Hypertrophy Maturation Cellular replication
hypertrophy Rationale: Hypertrophy is an enlargement of an organ or tissues caused by cell growth. Hyperplasia is when this enlargement is caused by increase in number of cells.
A weight _____ approach is based on the assumption that everyone is capable of achieving health and well-being independent of weight, so long as they have access to non-stigmatizing health care. inclusive normative considerate neutral
inclusive Unlike the weight normative approach, which emphasizes weight and weight loss when defining health and well-being, the weight inclusive approach views health and well-being as multifaceted and advocates for efforts toward improving health care access.
The two financial statements primarily used by foodservice managers to analyze operational effectiveness are the inventory valuation record and budget. balance sheet and inventory valuation record. budget and income statement. income statement and balance sheet.
income statement and balance sheet.
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome? Low high-density lipoprotein An environment promoting thrombus formation Abdominal obesity Increase in insulin sensitivity
increase in insulin sensitivity Insulin resistance is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Insulin sensitivity is not.
Which is NOT a characteristic of respiratory acidosis? Reduced pH Elevation in PCO2 Variable increase In plasma HCO3- concentration Increased pH
increased ph
Which of the following is NOT true about meaningful use standards used in health information technology? Meaningful use expands institutional access to health records It is a way to improve care coordination Meaningful use has been incentivized It is a way to improve quality of health care
institutional access to health records
According to the Nutrition Care Process, if a client takes self-prescribed therapeutic doses of vitamin C, this information should be recorded in the _____ section of the Nutrition Diagnosis. intake clinical behavioral-environmental nutrition knowledge
intake
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics defines tertiary prevention related to pediatric overweight interventions as: overweight prevention efforts that include identifying and intervention efforts targeting children who are at risk for overweight. education and prevention programs targeting children and adolescents before they are overweight. interventions targeting overweight children designed to slow down or reverse the increase in BMI. None of the above.
interventions targeting overweight children designed to slow down or reverse the increase in BMI.
To calculate food costs for a specific month, managers would add the costs of purchases to the value of the _________at the beginning of the month and then subtract the value of the _____at the end of the month. accounts receivable, accounts payable accounts payable, accounts receivable gross sales, net sales inventory, inventory
inventory, inventory
Breastmilk is rich in glucose maltose amylose lactose
lactose
When utilizing support personnel in the delivery of customer-centered care, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Standards of Professional Performance state that the registered dietitian nutritionist is expected to utilize support personnel in accordance with law, regulations, and organization policies. rules of ethical practice, Joint Commission standards, and effective outcomes. established practices, organizational needs, and rules of ethical practice. regulations, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics standards, and established directives.
law, regulations, and organization policies.
When lactose is malabsorbed in a person with lactose intolerance, it travels intact to the _____. large intestine ileum ileocecal valve jejunum
lrg intestine actose intolerance occurs when there is a relative deficiency in the enzyme lactase, which is normally expressed in the brush border of the small intestine. Lactase splits lactose into its component simple sugar, glucose and galactose. When this does not occur, lactose continues on to the colon, where it is fermented by bacteria.
Which of these methods is NOT an acceptable method for cooling food? Ice cubes added to the food item Ice water bath Blast chiller None of the above
none all are appropriate for cooling
Which of the following anti-coagulants would require monitoring intake of foods that contain vitamin K? Xarelto (rivaroxaban) Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Apixaban (Eliquis) none of the above
none of above Anticoagulation therapy has changed significantly since newer anticoagulants do not require monitoring of international normalized ratio (INR)/vitamin K. Warfarin or coumadin requires careful monitoring of INR and attention to consistent amounts of foods that contain vitamin k.
Which of these contains prebiotic? Salmon Cheese Yogurt Onions
onion
Transmission of hepatitis A is generally through _____. blood airborne particles sharing of needles oral-fecal route
oral-fecal route
Strategic management of a foodservice system means effectively responding to environmental threats. integrated systems thinking of internal and external events. evaluation of stakeholders and the competition. organization and environmental analysis to achieve goals.
organization and environmental analysis to achieve goals. Strategic management process involves analysis of the company and its environment, creating and implementing strategies to move a company toward its goals and evaluating progress.
Excess simple sugars in the intestines can cause _____ diarrhea. exudative osmotic secretory infectious
osmotic
Successful family-based group intervention programs that target reducing overweight in school-age children include: parent training, dietary counseling/nutrition education/physical activity counseling, and behavioral counseling. parent training, individual psychotherapy, dietary counseling/nutrition education. dietary counseling/nutrition education, physical activity counseling, behavioral counseling. low calorie diet plan, parent training.
parent training, dietary counseling/nutrition education/physical activity counseling, and behavioral counseling.
"Blue zones"—5 populations with a high number of centenarians—follow this eating pattern most often. Low carbohydrate Plant based High protein Low fatp
plant based The populations of five specific locales seem to have a high prevalence of centenarians and preference for a plant-based diet. Plant-based diets are low in energy; nutrient dense; and high in vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients. The five locations in the blue zones are Okinawa, Japan; Sardinia, Italy; Loma Linda, CA; the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica; and Ikaria, Greece.
Where should a class B fire extinguisher should be placed? By the restroom By the dishwasher By the range In the area where paper products are stored
range Class B fire extinguishers are used for flammable liquid and gas fires and should be placed by the range.
Which of the following food would be recommended for a patient being treated for gastroparesis? Ginger ale Oranges Bran cereal Rice
rice High-fiber foods like oranges and bran cereal can delay gastric emptying and lead to early satiety, which may result in bezoar formation. Carbonated beverages like ginger ale are inappropriate as they may cause distension. Rice is recommended for patients with gastroparesis.
Where can you find information regarding hazardous exposure to cleaning agents? Safety data sheets ServSafe book Hazard data sheets None of the above
safety data sheets Safety data sheets (SDSs) (formerly called MSDSs or material safety data sheets) are created for each hazardous chemical to issue to all employees who use these chemicals so that they are aware of potential hazards of use. First aid measures are found in section 4 of SDSs.
The loss of muscle strength that occurs with aging is termed: cachexia. sarcopenia. dystrophy. myotonia.
sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is the term for loss of muscle mass. It is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle strength and function often associated with aging. Cachexia refers to wasting; dystrophy refers to defective nutrition and metabolism; and myotonia refers to muscle spasms.
After reviewing the results of menu engineering, what is the best way to manage a plowhorse? Remove the item from the menu. Decrease the menu item's selling price. Serve smaller portions of the menu item. Give the item top priority on the menu.
serve smaller portions on menu
All of these behaviors are associated with successful maintenance of lost weight EXCEPT weighing self regularly exercising for an hour daily limiting TV viewing severely limiting kilocalories 2 days a week
severely limiting kilocalories 2 days a week need consistent diet from day to day
Listeriosis can be avoided if pregnant women avoid the following food. Cooked luncheon meats Pasteurized hard cheese Cooked ground beef Smoked fish
smoked fish Listeria is found in raw or smoked fish, oysters, unpasteurized or soft cheese, raw or undercooked meat, or unpasteurized milk, as well as luncheon meats and hot dogs that are not cooked or stored properly.
What ratio asesses total assets to total liabilities? Acid-test ratio Solvency ratio Inventory turnover ratio Profit margin ratio
solvency ratio
The primary safeguard of foodservice quality is adherence to_____. menus purchase orders specifications HACCP standards
specifications A specification is a concise description of the quality, size, and weight or count factors desired for a particular item. The purchasing agent, the purveyors of the company, and the company's receiving clerk should each have a set of the established specifications. A purchase specification is a concise description of the quality, size, and weight or count factors desired for a particular item. Management establishes standard purchase specifications based on a thorough study of the menu needs and merchandising and pricing policies. The purchasing agent, the purveyors of the company, and the company's receiving clerk should each have a set of the established specifications.
What type of metal pan is best for retaining the anthocyanin coloring in turnips ? Stainless steel Cast iron Copper Aluminum
stainless steel
What feeding regimen is appropriate for a patient who is NPO for >5-7 days with pancreatitis? Standard isometric Elemental Oxepa Glucerna
standard isometric
During a nutrition counseling session with a patient, the patient states: "I'd really like to eat healthier, but I can't because my toddler only wants to eat pizza and macaroni and cheese." In motivational interviewing, this statement is an example of: Sustain talk Discord Self-efficacy Resistance
sustain talk This type of scenario in motivational interviewing was previously called "resistance," but because such a term places blame on the client, the terminology has been changed to sustain talk, or change talk.
The hemoglobin A1c laboratory test reflects the average blood sugar level over approximately 3 months the maximum blood sugar level over 3 months how much hemoglobin has attached to the sugar molecules in the bloodstream how much sugar has attached to the hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream
the average blood sugar level over approximately 3 months
In a community needs assessment report, the passage "...the southeast region of Essex County, including the adjoining municipalities of Kardon, Greenwalt, and Addison...," is an example of the target population. the lead organizations. the definition of the community. the stakeholders.
the definition of the community.
Conflict between nursing personnel and food and nutrition personnel over responsibility of patient tray service occurs because the two subsystems are not on the same level of hospital hierarchy. systems boundaries have been crossed. dynamic equilibrium of the system has not been established. the interface between subsystems is often marked by tension.
the interface between subsystems is often marked by tension.
why are egg yolks a good emulsifier?
they are high in phospholipids, which contain lipophilic fatty acid group and hydrophilic head group
An example of a conditionally indispensable amino acid is tryptophan. tyrosine. alanine. leucine.
tyrosine. Conditionally indispensable amino acids are defined as requiring a dietary source when endogenous synthesis cannot meet metabolic need. The indispensable amino acids are arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline, and tyrosine.
Warfarin acts as a vitamin K antagonist by inhibiting _____. gamma-carboyxlase vitamin K epoxide reductase formation of active proenzyme factor none of the above
vitamin K epoxide reductase
