EBP Midterm
Which of the following is an example of a pandemic?
An outbreak of cholera worldwide
Which statement regarding inductive research is true?
Inductive research is often used to develop theories.
Which of the following groups would be used in a case-control study?
A group with breast cancer and a group without breast cancer
In which of the following situations would a replication study be most appropriate?
A pilot study indicates that a new intervention may be more effective than an existing intervention.
Which of these is an example of community-based participatory research?
A researcher uses input from community members to design an experimental program for the local health clinic
Which of the following is an example of a secondary source? Select all that apply.
A textbook on infectious diseases Commentary on a study by an infectious disease specialist A review of infectious disease research from the past 10 years
Which of the following would be an example of embracing a culture of EBP on an organizational level?
Adding value statements about EBP to an organization's mission statement
Which measure could not be determined using data from a cross-sectional study of obesity and type II diabetes?
An estimate of the strength of the cause-and-effect relationship between obesity and type II diabetes
A nurse conducting a keyword search of a literature database enters the search terms "anorexia NOT bulimia." Which results does the nurse expect to obtain?
Articles that contain the word "anorexia" but not the word "bulimia"
The director of nursing (DON) is planning an education conference for the nursing staff to help promote a culture for evidence-based practice (EBP) at the organizational level. Which of the following should the nurse include in the conference?
Ask for volunteers to join an EBP steering committee
A nurse researcher interested in the relationship between radiation exposure and cancer divides participants into two groups: those who are regularly exposed to higher-than-average levels of radiation on the job and those who are not. The nurse will follow both groups to see how many in each group eventually develop a form of cancer. What type of study is the nurse designing?
Cohort
Florence Nightingale's definition of health as "the absence of disease" is an example of which type of definition?
Conceptual
Which type of design would be used by researchers investigating the relationship between coping strategies used by caregivers of older adults with cognitive changes and the occurrence of elder abuse?
Correlational design
What are the four essential elements for evaluation of qualitative research?
Credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability
A researcher has interviewed 15 participants. During the last five interviews, the researcher has received confirmation of information gathered in the earlier interviews but has not gained any new information. Which conclusion by the researcher is most reasonable?
Data saturation has been reached, and the researcher does not need to keep conducting interviews.
A researcher is studying absorption rates of natural and synthetic vitamins. The researcher has three groups of randomly assigned subjects: one group that will receive the natural vitamin, one group that will receive the synthetic vitamin, and a control group that will receive a placebo. Which type of quantitative design is the researcher using?
Experimental design
A researcher who uses a double-blind experimental design is most likely trying to reduce which threat to external validity?
Experimenter reactivity
Which type of variable confuses the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable?
Extraneous variables
If a researcher is unable to randomly assign subjects to groups and must use a comparison group, the study design is considered nonexperimental.
False
True or False? If a population is identified to be high-risk for an untreatable condition, medical professionals have an ethical responsibility to screen individuals for the condition.
False
Which of the following is an example of a case series in epidemiology?
Five men in Europe have died following the onset of similar symptoms of fever, convulsions, and uncontrollable bleeding.
Which method would a researcher use to investigate the nursing processes involved in teaching patients how to walk again following spinal cord injuries?
Grounded Theory Approach
A nurse researcher is designing an intervention study with two participant groups. Which of the following participant groups would be most appropriate for an intervention study of a new medication for patients with diagnosed hypertension?
Group A receives the new medication for hypertension; Group B receives a placebo medication.
Participants in trials of an experimental intervention are asked to track their daily food and liquid intake during the length of the trial period. Which of the following statements would best explain why the participants report higher-than-average water intake and lower-than-average intake of juices and sodas when compared with the general population?
Hawthorne Effect
A nurse has agreed to assist in collecting data from clients in a long-term-care setting. The nurse becomes concerned upon realizing that many of the clients participating in the study have documented cognitive impairments. Which ethical responsibility is being violated?
Informed Consent
A scholarly paper about the effects of inpatient care on patient sleep patterns brings together data from five previously published studies, each of which used a different research method. The paper is most likely which type of review?
Integrative
A nurse researcher participated in a qualitative study regarding perception of arthritic pain in relation to functional abilities required for the role of parent. Findings revealed the theme of planning activities at pain-limited times of the day as a coping strategy. Use of this information in practice is an example of which process?
Interpretation of research findings
Using the Boolean operator "AND" to connect two words has what effect on the results of a keyword search of a literature database?
It narrows the results to include only articles that contain both words.
A study of adults older than 65 years investigated the effect of the use of calming communication techniques by caregivers on the agitation level of patients experiencing stage 2 dementia. The researchers noted that the effectiveness of the calming communication techniques differed based on whether the caregiver was a family member or licensed medical personnel. In this study, what type of variable was the patient-caregiver relationship?
Moderator
A researcher studying the experience of amputees notes that all but two participants give very similar descriptions of phantom limb sensation. Which strategy would the researcher most likely use to improve the credibility of the study?
Negative case analysis
In the United States during the 1970s, nursing practice included the use of granulated sugar to pack stage III and IV wounds based on the idea that bacteria would be less invasive of new tissue formation. Over time, this method did not result in statistically significant increases in wound-healing time when compared to the saline wet-packing method. Research was initiated to determine which packing method led to the best wound healing. The use of sugar for wound packing was an example of what type of practice?
Nursing practice based on untested theory
A nurse is using the PICOT model to generate an EBP question about how virtual health education, as compared to face-to-face health education, affects information retention and recall in patients ages 5 to 8 years. Which component of PICOT does information retention and recall represent?
Outcome of interest
A qualitative study investigating the lived experience of women younger than age of 25 who survived a liver transplant is an example of which type of research?
Phenomenological
A researcher hypothesizes that inpatients who receive more visitors will self-report higher satisfaction with the level of care they receive. Which design would the researcher use to test the hypothesis?
Predictive correlational design
A nurse is designing a community healthcare budget and wants to ensure that sufficient resources are allocated for children with birth defects. In order to set the budget, the nurse needs to determine which measure related to children with birth defects in the community of focus?
Prevalence
A researcher studying hand hygiene practices of visitors to medical facilities hypothesizes that if hand sanitizer dispensers are placed by the doors of bathroom facilities, then a significant percentage of facility users will replace soap-and-water hand hygiene with sanitizer hygiene only. Which of the following guides the researcher's hypothesis?
Proposition
Which step would a qualitative researcher take to establish confirmability?
Recognize and account for potential biases.
How does the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design differ from the classical experimental design?
Researchers are unable to randomly assign subjects to groups.
Why would a nurse not withhold treatment a patient required in order to research the effect of the patient's illness in the absence of standard medical treatment?
The ethical issue of intervention is less than the standard of care.
Following extensive research and examination of multiple patients, an oncologist makes the assertion that environmental contamination is the most probable cause of elevated cancer rates observed in the population of a specific area. Which of the following statements best describes why the oncologist states the findings as a probability rather than a certainty?
The oncologist knows it is possible that other factors contributed to elevated cancer rates.
Which of the following is an example of a cyclical trend in epidemiology?
The rate of RSV admissions in the fall of each year in the western United States
Why is the sample size in qualitative studies generally smaller than in quantitative research?
The sample size needed for a qualitative study depends on how quickly data saturation is reached.
For a nurse trained in EBP, what is the primary purpose of performing a literature review?
To increase knowledge of a clinical topic with the goal of informing practice in the clinical setting
A researcher would most likely seek participant feedback on study results for which reason?
To increase the credibility of the study's conclusions
True or False? If a screening test results in a significant number of false-negative results, the sensitivity of the test needs to be improved.
True
True or False? The following EBP question includes all of the components of the PICOT model: In females age 18 to 25 diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder, how does a combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmaceutical therapy compared with pharmaceutical therapy alone affect self-reported anxiety levels after 3 months?
True
