echo
The E-F slope of the M-mode of the anterior mitral valve leaflet in mitral valve stenosis is:
Decreased
when measuring blood flow through the mitral valve, we measure
E/A velocity and Deceleration slope
the flow convergence method can be used to estimate the MR volume. this method is also called
PISA
when measuring flow through the MV, we measure normal flow using ____ at the mv ____
PW, leaflet tips
Mitral Stenosis can eventually cause Pulmonary Hypertension.
True
the following spectral doppler tracing represents what semilunar valve measurement?
all of the above
when stenosis is present the sonographer must obtain info pertaining to the valve which includes
all of the above
in the sax view of the mitral val, tracing the opening of the mitral valve with mitral stenosis it will present an
decreased mva
mitral stenosis is associated with what type of murmur
diastolic rumble
mitral valve stenosis impedes ____ blood flow traveling from the ____ into the ____
diastolic, left atrium , left ventricle
a complication of mitral stenosis is increased cardiac output
false
mitral regurgitation creates diastolic turbulent color flow
false
to acquire doppler of the pulmonary vein you would use CW
false
an MR jet that extends just beyond the mitral valve leaflets is
grade 1
Mitral regurgitation creates a ____ murmur
holosystolic blowing
complications with mitral regurgitation results in
left atrial enlargement, pulmonary Hypertension, and possible left atrial thrombus
cause of MVP include
marfans syndrome and hereditary factors
MVP murmur presents as a
mid systolic click
_______ is the most common heart problem associated with MVP
mitral regurgitation
when MR Is present you should look at your 2D image and evaluate the
mitral valve apparatus and left atrium
the gold standard 2 dimensional echocardiographic view for diagnosing mitral valve prolapse is the
parasternal long axis view
the best 2 dimensional view for determining mitral valve area is the
parasternal short axis view
to provoke MVP the tech can have the patient _____
perform valsalva maneuver
in most cases is the AMVL prolapse there is a _____ directed jet
posterior
p¹ and p² represents the ____ in the chambers ____ and ___
pressure, proximal, and distal
the E wave peaked velocity of the mitral valve
represents the early diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient
the peak A of the mitral valve
represents the late diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient
grade 4+ MR is indicative of
severe MR
on M mode mitral valve prolapse creates a
systolic dip
Diastolic doming of the anterior mitral valve leaflet creates a "hockey stick" appearance with Mitral stenosis
true
mitral regurgitation is probable with mitral stenosis
true
mitral stenosis creates turbulent diastolic flow
true
when measuring the mitral valve Deceleration slope, you would measure from the peak E waveform down the E-F slope back to baseline
true
Which of the following represents the formula for calculating the mitral valve area?
220 / pressure half-time
a peak pressure gradient of flow through a valve is obtained by using the equation
4V²
with severe mitral stenosis the mva is ____ cm squared
<1.0
Normal peak velocity for the mitral valve flow is
<1.3m/sec
Mitral Stenosis is
Narrowing, thickening of the hearts mitral valve
mitral regurgitation is
backflow of blood into the left atrium
what equation is used to determine the pressure gradient between two chambers
bernoulli equation