Ecom Midterm

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Which of the following is not an advantage of client/server computing over centralized mainframe computing? A) It is easy to expand capacity by adding servers and clients. B) Each client added to the network increases the network's overall capacity and transmission speeds. C) Client/server networks are less vulnerable, in part because the processing load is balanced over many powerful smaller computers rather than concentrated in a single huge computer. D) There is less risk that a system will completely malfunction because backup or mirror servers can pick up the slack if one server goes down.

Which of the following is not one of the basic technological foundations of the Internet? A) client/server computing B) FTP C) TCP/IP D) packet switching

Which of the following was the original purpose of the Internet? A) to provide a network that would allow businesses to connect with consumers B) to link large mainframe computers on different college campuses C) to develop a military communications systems that could withstand nuclear war D) to enable government agencies to track civilian communications

The address used by a browser to identify the location of content on the Web is called: A) a domain name. B) a uniform resource locator. C) an IP address. D) a file path.

B (URL)

The first Web browser to make it possible to view documents on the Web with colored background, images, and animations was: A) Netscape Navigator. B) Mosaic. C) Mozilla. D) Internet Explorer.

The layer of Internet architecture that ties the applications to the communications network and includes such services as security and authentication is called the: A) Network Technology Substrate layer. B) Middleware Services layer. C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer. D) Applications layer.

Where does TLS operate within TCP/IP? A) between the Internet Layer and the Transport Layer B) between the Transport Layer and the Application Layer C) between the Network Interface Layer and the Transport Layer D) between the Internet Layer and the Application Layer

Which of the following are central directories that list all domain names currently in use for specific domains? A) Web servers B) root servers C) client servers D) DNS servers

Which of the following is a Web application that enables Internet users to communicate with each other, although not in real time? A) mobile messaging B) online forum C) SMS messaging D) VoIP

40) Which of the following statements about e-commerce, in the United States in 2017, is not true? A) Social e-commerce generates more revenue than mobile e-commerce. B) Desktop advertising still accounts for almost 70% of all digital advertising spending. C) On-demand service firms are fueling the growth of local e-commerce. D) Growth rates for retail e-commerce are higher in Europe than in the United States.

44) Which of the following types of application server monitors and controls access to a main web server, and implements firewall protection? A) proxy server B) list server C) groupware server D) mail server

45) Asymmetric key cryptography is also known as: A) public key cryptography. B) secret key cryptography. C) PGP. D) PKI

46) MySQL is which of the following? A) open source database software B) scripting language embedded in HTML documents C) web server software D) website analytics software

48) Which of the following statements about the Web is not true? A) The Web is the technology upon which the Internet is based. B) The Web was the original "killer app." C) The Web provides access to pages written in Hypertext Markup Language. D) The Web is both a communications infrastructure and an information storage system.

48) ________ are a kind of middleware software that provides the glue connecting traditional corporate systems to the customer as well as all the functionality needed to conduct e-commerce. A) Application servers B) Web page servers C) Database servers D) Content management servers

59) The early years of e-commerce were driven by all of the following factors except: A) an emphasis on exploiting traditional distribution channels. B) a huge infusion of venture capital funds. C) an emphasis on quickly achieving very high market visibility. D) visions of profiting from new technology

60) The marketing technique known as ________ involves merchants offering many products for which there is little demand. A) long tail marketing B) flash marketing C) yield management D) bait-and-switch

60) Which of the following statements is not true? A) Apple's Touch ID stores a digital replica of a user's actual fingerprint in Apple's iCloud. B) Biometric devices reduce the opportunity for spoofing. C) A retina scan is an example of a biometric device. D) Biometric data stored on an iPhone is encrypted.

61) Which of the following best describes the early years of e-commerce? A) They were a technological success but a mixed business success. B) They were a technological success but a business failure. C) They were a technological failure but a business success. D) They were a mixed technological and business success.

67) A ________ refers to a competitive strategy in which firms attempt to achieve lower business process costs. A) strategy of cost competition B) scope strategy C) customer intimacy strategy D) focus/market niche strategy

68) Which of the following features of e-commerce technology changes industry structure by lowering barriers to entry but greatly expands the market at the same time? A) global reach B) richness C) interactivity D) personalization

68) ________ provides a set of standards for communicating between a browser and a program running on a server that allows for interaction between the user and server. A) CGI B) ColdFusion C) JavaScript D) VBScript

All of the following are characteristics of HTML5 except: A) a video element that replaces plug-ins such as Flash, QuickTime, and RealPlayer. B) use of CSS3. C) ability to access built-in functionality of mobile devices, such as GPS and swiping. D) support for digital rights management.

The ________ is a consortium of corporations, government agencies, and nonprofit organizations that monitors Internet policies and practices. A) Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) B) World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) C) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) D) Internet Society (ISOC)

When talking about the physical elements of the Internet, the term redundancy refers to: A) transmitting multiple copies of a single packet to safeguard against data loss. B) the use of tiered high-speed switching computers to connect the backbone to regional and local networks. C) delays in messages caused by the uneven flow of information through the network. D) multiple duplicate devices and paths in a network built so that data can be rerouted if a breakdown occurs.

Which of the following is a utility program that allows you to track the path of a message you send from your client to a remote computer on the Internet? A) Telnet B) Ping C) IMAP D) Tracert

Which of the following is not a limitation of the current Internet? A) the continued reliance on cables and wires for connectivity B) limited bandwidth, which causes congestion and cannot adequately handle video and voice traffic C) architectural restrictions, which stipulate that numerous requests for the same file must each be answered individually, slowing network performance D) the difficulty in expanding capacity by adding servers and clients

Which of the following is not a mobile messaging application? A) KakaoTalk B) WhatsApp C) Viber D) Feedly

Which of the following occurred during the Commercialization phase of Internet development? A) The fundamental building blocks of the Internet were realized in actual hardware and software. B) Mosaic was invented. C) The Domain Name System was introduced. D) NSF privatized the operation of the Internet's backbone.

Which of the following organizations coordinates the Internet's systems of unique identifiers, such as IP addresses and top-level domain systems? A) IETF B) IAB C) W3C D) ICANN

Which of the following organizations involved with Internet governance has the United States recently announced it would give up control over? A) ICANN B) IGF C) NTIA D) IANA

Which of the following technologies has enabled the Internet to grow exponentially to support millions of users, without overloading the network architecture? A) fiber optics B) Wi-Fi C) IPv6 D) client/server computing

You could expect to find all of the following services in a Web server software package except: A) security services. B) FTP. C) search engine. D) an RSS aggregator.

________ is a model of computing in computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over the Internet. A) Client/server computing B) P2P computing C) Mobile computing D) Cloud computing

n IPv4 address is expressed as a: A) 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by semicolons. B) 64-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by semicolons. C) 64-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by periods. D) 32-bit number that appears as a series of four separate numbers separated by periods.

7) What are the two most important management challenges in building a successful e-commerce presence? A) developing a clear understanding of business objectives and knowing how to choose the right technology to achieve those objectives B) having an accurate understanding of your business environment and an achievable business plan C) building a team with the right skill sets and closely managing the development process D) identifying the key components of your business plan and selecting the right software, hardware, and infrastructure for your site

7) Which of the following is an example of the subscription revenue model? A) eHarmony B) eBay C) E*Trade D) Twitter

7) ________ is the ability to ensure that messages and data are only available to those authorized to view them. A) Confidentiality B) Integrity C) Privacy D) Availability

70) Cross-platform attribution refers to: A) how to assign credit to different marketing initiatives. B) understanding why visitors to a website purchase a product. C) understanding how impressions lead to visits. D) understanding why people click on ads

71) If you wished to leverage the ubiquitous nature of the Web to differentiate your product, you would: A) enable individual customization of the product by consumers. B) implement a strategy of commoditization. C) adopt a strategy of cost competition. D) develop a scope strategy to compete within a narrower market segment

72) All of the following statements about Apple Pay are true except which of the following? A) Apple Pay is subject to regulations issued by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection applicable to GPR transactions. B) Apple Pay is based on Touch ID biometric fingerprint scanning. C) Apple Pay can be used for mobile payments at the point of sale at a physical store. D) Apple Pay relies on NFC chip technology

73) PayPal is an example of what type of payment system? A) online stored value payment system B) digital checking system C) accumulating balance system D) digital credit card system

73) ________ technologies are technologies that enable the incremental improvement of products and services. A) Sustaining B) Differentiating C) Disruptive D) Commodity

75) Which of the following is not a major trend in e-commerce payments in 2017-2018? A) Mobile retail payment volume decreases. B) PayPal remains the most popular alternative payment method. C) Google refocuses Google Wallet solely on sending and receiving money. D) Payment by credit and/or debit card remains the dominant form of online payment.

77) Acquisition rate is a measure of the: A) percentage of visitors who indicate an interest in a site's products by registering or visiting a product's pages. B) percentage of visitors who become customers. C) percentage of existing customers who continue to buy on a regular basis. D) percentage of shoppers who do not return within a year after their initial purchase

79) Above all, e-commerce is a ________ phenomenon. A) technology driven B) finance-driven C) sociological D) government-driven

79) Which of the following statements about responsive web design (RWD) is not true? A) RWD works best for sites that have complex functionality. B) RWD tools include HTML5 and CSS3. C) RWD makes it possible to design a website that automatically adjusts its layout and display according to the screen resolution of the device on which it is being viewed. D) RWD can be costly.

8) In order from beginning to end, the major steps in the SDLC are: A) systems analysis/planning; systems design; building the system; testing; and implementation. B) systems design; testing; building the system; and implementation. C) systems analysis/planning; systems design; building the system; implementation; and testing. D) systems analysis/planning; implementation; building the system; and testing.

8) Which of the following features of e-commerce technology enables merchants to market and sell "complex" goods and services to consumers via marketing messages that can integrate video, audio, and text? A) richness B) ubiquity C) information density D) personalization

1) ________ and ________ are typically the most easily identifiable aspects of a company's business model. A) Market strategy; market opportunity B) Value proposition; revenue model C) Competitive advantage; competitive environment D) Revenue model; market opportunity

10) Which of the following is the best definition of transaction cost? A) the expense of changing national or regional prices B) the cost of participating in a market C) the cost of finding suitable products in the market D) the cost merchants pay to bring their goods to market

11) The world's online population was estimated to be around ________ in 2017. A) 350 million B) 3.5 billion C) 35 billion D) 350 billion

14) Accessing data without authorization on Dropbox is an example of a: A) social network security issue. B) cloud security issue. C) mobile platform security issue. D) sniffing issue

14) The existence of many competitors in any one market segment may indicate: A) an untapped market niche. B) the market is saturated. C) no one firm has differentiated itself within that market. D) a market that has already been tried without success

16) Conficker is an example of a: A) virus. B) worm. C) Trojan horse. D) botnet

16) Which of the following typically includes a data flow diagram (DFD) to describe the flow of information for an e-commerce site? A) physical design B) logical design C) testing plan D) co-location plan

17) Which of the following is a physical place you visit in order to transact? A) marketspace B) marketplace C) social network D) the Internet

18) Which of the following verifies that the business objectives of the system are in fact working? A) system testing B) acceptance testing C) unit testing D) implementation testing

2) Which of the following uses a subscription revenue model for books? A) Spotify B) Scribd C) Rhapsody D) Pandora

20) Ad blockers operate in a manner similar to which of the following? A) anti-virus software B) firewalls C) Flash cookies D) anonymous browsing

20) What is the most frequent cause of stolen credit cards and card information today? A) lost cards B) the hacking and looting of corporate servers storing credit card information C) sniffing programs D) phishing attacks

21) All of the following are simple steps for optimizing web page content except: A) reducing unnecessary HTML comments. B) segmenting computer servers to perform dedicated functions. C) using more efficient graphics. D) avoiding unnecessary links to other pages on the site.

21) An example of a company using the content provider model is: A) Priceline. B) Rhapsody. C) Dell. D) eBay.

22) Which of the following is the minimum system architecture requirement for an e-commerce website that processes orders? A) single-tier architecture B) two-tier architecture C) three-tier architecture D) multi-tier architecture

23) In 2017, the overall retail market in the United States was estimated to be about: A) $50 trillion. B) $5 trillion. C) $500 billion. D) $50 billion.

23) Which of the following statements about CAN-SPAM is not true? A) CAN-SPAM went into effect in January 2004. B) CAN-SPAM prohibits unsolicited e-mail (spam). C) CAN-SPAM prohibits the use of deceptive subject lines and false headers. D) Large spammers are among CAN-SPAM's biggest supporters.

24) All of the following are major players in hosting/co-location/cloud services except: A) GoDaddy. B) WordPress. C) Verio. D) Liquid Web.

24) Angler is an example of which of the following? A) worm B) exploit kit C) phishing D) hacktivism

24) Which of the following statements about Canada's anti-spam law is not true? A) Canada's law is based on an opt-in model. B) The law has no impact on companies located within the United States. C) The first phase of the law went into effect in 2014. D) The law applies to e-mail, texts, and social media messaging.

25) Which form of testing compares a control page with one that is very different? A) template test B) new concept test C) funnel test D) system test

3) Which of the following can be considered synonymous with the term e-commerce? A) e-business B) digital commerce C) the Internet D) the Web

3) ________ is the ability to identify the person or entity with whom you are dealing on the Internet. A) Nonrepudiation B) Authenticity C) Availability D) Integrity

30) Which of the following statements about a free pricing strategy is false? A) Free products and services can knock out potential and actual competitors. B) The free pricing strategy was born in the early days of the Web. C) It is difficult to convert free customers into paying customers. D) Free products and services can help build market awareness.

33) Which of the following involves getting customers to pass along a company's marketing message to friends, family, and colleagues? A) affiliate marketing B) viral marketing C) native advertising D) lead generation marketing

33) Which of the following is not true about the use of apps? A) U.S. adult mobile Internet users spend almost 3-1/2 hours a day using apps. B) Users still spend less time using apps than they do using desktops or mobile websites. C) Apps are easier to control and monetize than websites. D) Around 280 million people worldwide launch a smartphone app more than 60 times a day.

34) A wealthy individual who invests personal funds in a start-up in exchange for an equity share in the business is referred to as a(n): A) incubator. B) angel investor. C) venture capital investor. D) crowdfunder

36) Which of the following industries accounts for the highest percentage of spending on online advertising? A) financial services B) retail C) automotive D) entertainment

37) Which of the following statements about native advertising is not true? A) Native advertising is controversial. B) Native advertising is a new form of advertising found only online. C) Native advertising is growing rapidly, especially on social networks. D) Consumers look at native ads much more frequently than display ads.

39) Which of the following is used to process certificates and private/public key information? A) HTTP B) Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security C) File Transfer Protocol D) data capture tools

4) What is the approximate Internet penetration rate for individuals that have attained less than a high-school education? A) 58% B) 68% C) 78% D) 88%

4) Which element of the business model refers to the presence of substitute products in the market? A) value proposition B) competitive environment C) competitive advantage D) market opportunity

41) In 2017, almost ________ of Americans only used a mobile device to access the Internet. A) 7% B) 15% C) 25% D) 33%

41) Which of the following is an example of a CMS? A) Apache B) Drupal C) Dreamweaver CC D) Webtrends Analytics

42) Which of the following is not a major business trend in e-commerce in 2017-2018? A) Mobile e-commerce continues to grow. B) Small businesses and entrepreneurs are hampered by the rising cost of market entry caused by increased presence of industry giants. C) On-demand service companies garner multibillion-dollar valuations. D) Social e-commerce continues to grow

45) Which of the following statements about the mobile platform is not true? A) Over 93% of Americans used a mobile device to access the Internet at least some of the time in 2017. B) The size of the mobile app audience greatly exceeds that of the mobile web audience. C) Retail purchases made on desktops account for almost two-thirds of all online purchases. D) The time U.S. adults spend using mobile apps accounts for over 60% of total digital minutes spent.

46) First movers often fail because: A) their competitive advantage is unfair. B) they lack complementary resources needed to sustain their advantages. C) they are operating in a perfect market. D) they fail to leverage their competitive assets.

47) All of the following are basic functionality provided by e-commerce merchant server software except: A) a product catalog. B) marketing analytics. C) a shopping cart. D) credit card processing

47) The Data Encryption Standard uses a(n) ________-bit key. A) 8 B) 56 C) 256 D) 512

48) All of the following statements about public key cryptography are true except: A) public key cryptography uses two mathematically related digital keys. B) public key cryptography ensures authentication of the sender. C) public key cryptography does not ensure message integrity. D) public key cryptography is based on the idea of irreversible mathematical functions.

49) Which of the following is a standard that makes it possible to access data from any application regardless of the database and operating system software being used? A) CGI B) ODBC C) MySQL D) HTTP

5) Which of the following are Amazon's primary value propositions? A) personalization and customization B) selection and convenience C) reduction of price discovery cost D) management of product delivery

50) Which of the following would you implement to collect and analyze your company's big data? A) data warehouse B) Hadoop C) SQL D) profiling

51) Which of the following statements about the Internet's impact on marketing is not true? A) The Internet has broadened the scope of marketing communications. B) The Internet has decreased the impact of brands. C) The Internet has increased the richness of marketing communications. D) The Internet has expanded the information intensity of the marketplace

52) All of the following are business models employed in the online music industry except: A) subscription. B) peer-to-peer streaming. C) download-and-own. D) cloud streaming

52) Which of the following dimensions of e-commerce security is not provided for by encryption? A) confidentiality B) availability C) message integrity D) nonrepudiation

53) The financial services, travel services, and job placement services industries typically use the ________ business model. A) community provider B) transaction broker C) market creator D) e-tailer

53) Which feature of e-commerce technology decreases the cost of delivering marketing messages and receiving feedback from users? A)personalization/customization B) universal standards C) ubiquity D) interactivity

55) The term stateless refers to the fact that: A) no one government entity controls the Internet. B) the server does not have to maintain an ongoing dedicated interaction with the client computer. C) system performance degrades as more simultaneous users require service. D) web servers may maintain multiple instances of server software to handle requests

56) All of the following statements about cookies are true except: A) cookies can be used to create cross-site profiles of users. B) the data typically stored in cookies includes a unique ID and e-mail address. C) cookies make shopping carts possible by allowing a site to keep track of a user's actions. D) the more cookies are deleted, the less accurate ad server metrics become.

59) A ________ is a repository of customer information that records all contacts that a customer has with a firm and generates a customer profile available to everyone in the firm with a need to know the customer. A) customer service chat system B) CRM system C) data warehouse D) transactive content system

6) A firm's ________ describes how a firm will produce a superior return on invested capital. A) value proposition B) revenue model C) market strategy D) competitive advantage

6) Approximately ________ of U.S. Internet users do not shop or buy online. A) 7% B) 8% C) 9% D) 11%

6) Which of the following is an example of an online privacy violation? A) your e-mail being read by a hacker B) your online purchasing history being sold to other merchants without your consent C) your computer being used as part of a botnet D) your e-mail being altered by a hacker

61) Which of the following may offer its customers value chain management software? A) e-distributors B) e-procurement companies C) exchanges D) community providers

61) Which of the following provides web marketers with a very quick means of identifying a customer and understanding his or her behavior at a site? A) transaction logs B) cookies C) registration forms D) data warehouses

62) Over the past decade, the number of exchanges has: A) greatly increased. B) diminished sharply. C) stayed about the same. D) increased slowly but steadily

62) Which of the following is the most common protocol for securing a digital channel of communication? A) DES B) SSL/TLS C) VPN D) HTTP

63) Django is based on which of the following? A) PHP B) Python C) Perl D) Ruby on Rails

64) Ruby on Rails is based on which of the following philosophies? A) SLDC B) CoC C) LAMP D) Ajax

66) Which of the following is an example of an e-commerce first mover that failed? A) Etsy B) eToys C) eBay D) E*Trade

68) Which of the following was the original "killer app" that made the Internet commercially interesting and extraordinarily popular? A) e-commerce B) The Web C) social networks D) mobile apps

69) If you want to determine the size of your website's audience, the metric you will use for the most accurate measurement will be: A) page views. B) unique visitors. C) hits. D) reach.

69) To allow lower-level employees access to the corporate network while preventing them from accessing private human resources documents, you would use: A) access controls. B) an authorization management system. C) security tokens. D) an authorization policy.

69) Which of the following is not a primary activity in a firm value chain? A) outbound logistics B) finance/accounting C) operations D) after-sales service

69) Which of the following refers to the displacement of market middlemen and the creation of a new direct relationship between producers and consumers? A) network effect B) disintermediation C) friction-free commerce D) first mover advantage

70) The primary way a website is able to personalize the content presented to a visitor is through the use of: A) privacy policies. B) cookies. C) accessibility rules. D) site management tools

70) Which of the following is not an element of friction-free commerce? A) Information is equally distributed. B) Transaction costs are high. C) Prices can be dynamically adjusted to reflect actual demand. D) Unfair competitive advantages are eliminated.

71) All of the following are examples of social/mobile peer-to-peer payment systems except: A) Venmo. B) Bill Me Later. C) Square Cash. D) Google Wallet

76) All of the following are limitations of the existing online credit card payment system except: A) poor security. B) cost to consumers. C) cost to merchant. D) social equity.

76) Which of the following measures the average length of stay at a website? A) loyalty B) stickiness C) page views D) retention rate

77) Linden Dollars, created for use in Second Life, are an example of: A) digital cash. B) virtual currency. C) EBPP. D) peer-to-peer payment systems.

78) Recency refers to the: A) percentage of customers who do not return during the next year after an initial purchase. B) time elapsed since the last visit made by a customer. C) percentage of existing customers who continue to buy on a regular basis. D) percentage of customers who return to the site within a year to make additional purchases.

78) Which of the following is a server-side technique that detects the attributes of the device making the request, and using predefined templates, loads a version of a site optimized for the device? A) LAMP B) AWD C) mobile first design D) RoR

78) Which of the following is a set of short-range wireless technologies used to share information among devices within about two inches of each other? A) DES B) NFC C) IM D) text messaging

79) View-to-cart ratio is a measure of the: A) percentage of visitors who indicate an interest in a site's products by registering or visiting a product's pages. B) percentage of views that lead to an add-to-cart action. C) percentage of existing customers who continue to buy on a regular basis. D) percentage of shoppers who do not return within a year after their initial purchase.

83) Which of the following measures the percentage of times an ad is clicked? A) retention rate B) CTR C) loyalty rate D) conversion rate

84) Which of the following statements is not true? A) No one academic perspective dominates research about e-commerce. B) Economists take a purely technical approach to e-commerce. C) There are two primary approaches to e-commerce: behavioral and technical. D) Management scientists are interested in e-commerce as an opportunity to study how business firms can exploit the Internet to achieve more efficient business operations.

9) Which of the following companies uses a transaction fee revenue model? A) Yahoo B) E*Trade C) Twitter D) Birchbox

9) ________ are the types of information systems capabilities needed to meet business objectives. A) Information requirements B) System functionalities C) System design specifications D) Physical design specifications

1) Offline media is typically used for all of the following marketing activities except: A) education. B) exposure. C) conversation. D) branding

11) Which of the following involves a company giving away a certain level of product or services without charge, but then charging a fee for premium levels of the product or service? A) advertising revenue model B) subscription revenue model C) freemium strategy D) transaction fee revenue model

12) Which of the following factors is not a significant influence on a company's competitive environment? A) how many competitors are active B) what the market share of each competitor is C) the availability of supportive organizational structures D) how competitors price their products

12) Which of the following features of e-commerce technology is related to the concept of network externalities? A) richness B) interactivity C) universal standards D) information density

13) Google introduced which of the following changes to its search algorithm to weed out low quality sites from search results? A) Penguin B) Hummingbird C) Panda D) Knowledge Graph

13) Which of the following has the Internet Advertising Bureau urged advertisers to abandon? A) HTML B) HTML5 C) Adobe Flash D) Adobe Acrobat

13) Which of the following helps you engage your customers in a conversation? A) shopping cart B) product database C) on-site blog D) site tracking and reporting system

13) Which of the following statements is true about the traditional tradeoff between the richness and reach of a marketing message prior to the development of the Web? A) Marketing messages had little richness. B) The smaller the audience reached, the less rich the message. C) The larger the audience reached, the less rich the message. D) Richness was unrelated to reach.

15) All of the following are basic information requirements for a product database except: A) product descriptions. B) stock numbers. C) customer ID numbers. D) inventory levels.

15) The costs incurred by merchants in having to change product prices (such as the costs of reentering prices into computer systems) are referred to as which of the following? A) subscription costs B) fixed costs C) menu costs D) variable costs

16) Which of the following search engine algorithm updates enables Google's search engine to evaluate an entire sentence rather than just a key word? A) Panda B) Penguin C) Hummingbird D) Graph Search

17) Organizations that typically provide an array of services to start-up companies along with a small amount of funding are referred to as: A) angel investors. B) crowdfunders. C) incubators. D) venture capital investors

18) The total number of users or customers an e-commerce business can obtain is a measure of which of the following? A) ubiquity B) interactivity C) reach D) information density

19) According to Symantec, almost half of the e-mail addresses involved in business e-mail compromise (BEC) phishing that it analyzed had an IP address originating in: A) China. B) Russia. C) Nigeria. D) North Korea

19) Amazon's Associates program is an example of which of the following? A) viral marketing B) local marketing C) affiliate marketing D) lead generation marketing

19) Which of the following involves testing a site's program modules one at a time? A) system testing B) acceptance testing C) unit testing D) implementation testing

19) Which of the following is not a community provider? A) LinkedIn B) Facebook C) Blue Nile D) Pinterest

2) The cost of hardware, software, and telecommunications services needed to build a website have ________ over the last decade. A) increased dramatically B) increased moderately C) decreased dramatically D) decreased slightly

20) E-commerce is available just about everywhere and anytime. This is known as: A) richness. B) information density. C) ubiquity. D) reach

20) Most of the time required to maintain an e-commerce site is spent on: A) debugging code. B) responding to emergency situations. C) general administration and making changes and enhancements to the system. D) changes in reports, data files, and links to backend databases.

20) Which of the following is not a variation of the e-tailer business model? A) bricks-and-clicks B) virtual merchant C) market creator D) manufacturer-direct

21) Which dimension(s) of security is spoofing a threat to? A) integrity B) availability C) integrity and authenticity D) availability and integrity

22) Which of the following is not an example of the bricks-and-clicks e-tailing business model? A) Walmart B) Sears C) Bluefly D) Staples

23) The attack on Dyn Inc., in October 2016 is an example of which of the following? A) SQL injection attack B) browser parasite C) DDoS attack D) MitM attack

25) Malware that comes with a downloaded file that a user requests is called a: A) Trojan horse. B) backdoor. C) drive-by download. D) PUP

26) All of the following are "traditional" online marketing tools except: A) affiliate marketing. B) e-mail and permission marketing. C) social marketing. D) sponsorship marketing.

26) All of the following may lead to a competitive advantage except: A) less expensive suppliers. B) better employees. C) fewer products. D) superior products

26) Which of the following is not an example of a PUP? A) adware B) browser parasite C) drive-by download D) spyware

28) Automatically redirecting a web link to a different address is an example of which of the following? A) sniffing B) social engineering C) pharming D) DDoS attack

28) The process of comparing a website with that of its competitors in terms of response speed, quality of layout, and design is known as: A) split testing. B) funnel testing. C) benchmarking. D) system testing.

29) The incremental cost of building the next unit of a good is called the: A) Law of One Price. B) variable cost. C) marginal cost. D) fixed cost

3) Which of the following types of e-commerce presence is best suited for creating an ongoing conversation with one's customers? A) website B) e-mail C) social media D) offline media

30) Which type of e-commerce is distinguished by the type of technology used in the transaction rather than by the nature of the market relationship? A) consumer-to-consumer (C2C) B) social e-commerce C) mobile e-commerce D) business-to-business (B2B)

31) Which of the following is another name for a revenue model? A) business model B) business strategy C) financial model D) financial statements

33) ________ is defined by company using its competitive advantage to gain in surrounding markets. A) Market strategy B) Differentiation C) Leverage D) Focus

36) All of the following might be part of a website's middle-tier layer except: A) a database server. B) an ad server. C) legacy corporate applications. D) a mail server.

36) Which of the following is an example of C2C e-commerce? A) Amazon B) Groupon C) Craigslist D) Go2Paper

37) All of the following are examples of social networks except: A) Instagram. B) Twitter. C) Y Combinator. D) Pinterest.

44) All of the following are major social trends in e-commerce in 2017-2018 except for: A) concerns about the flood of temporary, poorly paid jobs without benefits being generated by on-demand service companies. B) the continuing conflict over copyright management and control. C) participation of adults in social networks begins to decrease. D) the growth of government surveillance of Internet communications.

44) Next generation firewalls provide all of the following except: A) an application-centric approach to firewall control. B) the ability to identify applications regardless of the port, protocol, or security evasion tools used. C) the ability to automatically update applications with security patches. D) the ability to identify users regardless of the device or IP address.

46) All the following statements about symmetric key cryptography are true except: A) in symmetric key cryptography, both the sender and the receiver use the same key to encrypt and decrypt a message. B) the Data Encryption Standard is a symmetric key encryption system. C) symmetric key cryptography is computationally slower. D) symmetric key cryptography is a key element in digital envelopes.

49) Portals primarily generate revenue in all of the following ways except: A) charging advertisers for ad placement. B) collecting transaction fees. C) sales of goods. D) charging subscription fees.

49) Which of the following is the current standard used to protect Wi-Fi networks? A) WEP B) TLS C) WPA2 D) WPA3

5) ________ is the ability to ensure that an e-commerce site continues to function as intended. A) Nonrepudiation B) Authenticity C) Availability D) Integrity

50) All of the following statements about PKI are true except: A) the term PKI refers to the certification authorities and digital certificate procedures that are accepted by all parties. B) PKI is not effective against insiders who have a legitimate access to corporate systems including customer information. C) PKI guarantees that the verifying computer of the merchant is secure. D) the acronym PKI stands for public key infrastructure.

51) ________ was the first truly large-scale digitally enabled transaction system in the B2C arena. A) Telex B) The Baxter Healthcare system C) The French Minitel D) EDI

51) eBay uses all of the following business models except: A) B2C market creator. B) C2C market creator. C) content provider. D) e-commerce infrastructure provider

54) The richness made possible by e-commerce technologies does which of the following? A) It reduces the cost of delivering marketing messages and receiving feedback from users. B) It allows consumers to become co-producers of the goods and services being sold. C) It allows video, audio, and text to be integrated into a single marketing message and consuming experience. D) It enables worldwide customer service and marketing communications

54) Which of the following is a characteristic of e-commerce during the Invention period? A) mobile technology B) earnings and profit emphasis C) disintermediation D) extensive government surveillance

55) Proxy servers are also known as: A) firewalls. B) application gateways. C) dual home systems. D) packet filters

56) Which of the following types of sites typically needs a high percentage of secure pages? A) web services B) customer self-service C) trading D) publishing/subscription

58) All of the following are steps one can take to right-size a website's hardware platform and meet demands for service except: A) scaling hardware vertically. B) scaling hardware horizontally. C) replacing static pages with dynamically generated pages. D) improving processing architecture.

58) Which of the following is not an example of an access control? A) firewalls B) proxy servers C) digital signatures D) login passwords

58) ________ is an open source database that can store and analyze both structured and unstructured data. A) ASP B) PHP C) Hadoop D) JSP

59) Amazon Business is an example of which of the following business models? A) B2B service provider B) exchange C) e-distributor D) industry consortia

59) Which of the following statements is not true? A) A VPN provides both confidentiality and integrity. B) A VPN uses both authentication and encryption. C) A VPN uses a dedicated secure line. D) The primary use of VPNs is to establish secure communications among business partners.

60) The early years of e-commerce are considered: A) the most promising time in history for the successful implementation of first mover advantages. B) an economist's dream come true, where for a brief time, consumers had access to all relevant market information and transaction costs plummeted. C) a stunning technological success as the Internet and the Web increased from a few thousand to billions of e-commerce transactions per year. D) a dramatic business success as 85% of dot-coms formed since 1995 became flourishing businesses.

60) ________ create and sell access to digital markets. A) E-distributors B) Portals C) E-procurement firms D) Market creators

63) The Seam is an example of a(n): A) private industrial network. B) exchange. C) industry consortium D) e-distributor

63) Which of the following is a characteristic of the Consolidation phase of e-commerce? A) predominance of pure online strategies B) emphasis on revenue growth versus profits C) brand extension and strengthening becomes more important than creating new brands D) shift to a technology-driven approach

65) Which of the following is the most commonly used server-side scripting language? A) Ruby on Rails B) Django C) PHP D) Perl

65) Which of the following statements is not true? A) Information asymmetries are continually being introduced by merchants and marketers. B) Intermediaries have not disappeared. C) Overall transaction costs have dropped dramatically. D) Brands remain very important in e-commerce.

68) What is the first step in developing an e-commerce security plan? A) Create a security organization. B) Develop a security policy. C) Perform a risk assessment. D) Perform a security audit.

7) In modeling online consumer behavior, the concept of "consumer skills" refers to the: A) education level of the consumer. B) communication skills of the consumer. C) knowledge consumers have about how to conduct online transactions. D) product evaluation skills of the consumer

7) Which of the following is not a unique feature of e-commerce technology? A) interactivity B) social technology C) information asymmetry D) richness

70) A ________ is a networked business ecosystem that coordinates a firm's suppliers, distributors, and delivery firms with its own production needs using an Internet-based supply chain management system. A) value chain B) value system C) value web D) business strategy

70) Which of the following statements is not true? A) A majority of states require companies that maintain personal data on their residents to publicly disclose when a security breach affecting those residents has occurred. B) The USA Patriot Act broadly expanded law enforcement's investigative and surveillance powers. C) The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act was strongly supported by most large technology companies and privacy advocates. D) The Federal Trade Commission has asserted that it has authority over corporations' data security practices.

71) Which of the following is not part of the LAMP open source web development model? A) Linux B) Apache C) Microsoft IIS D) PHP

72) Django follows the ________ programming principle. A) CoC B) WYSIWYG C) DRY D) LAMP

72) Uber has been criticized for using which of the following? A) flash marketing B) bundling C) surge pricing D) freemium

74) Innovative entrepreneurs and their business firms that destroy existing business models are referred to as: A) crowdfunders. B) venture capitalists. C) disruptors. D) angel investors.

74) Purchasing an online ad on a CPA basis means that the advertiser: A) pays for impressions in 1,000 unit lots. B) pays a pre-negotiated fee for each click an ad receives. C) pays only for those users who perform a specific action, such as registering, purchasing, etc. D) exchanges something of equal value for the ad space.

75) eCPM measures the ROI of an ad by dividing the total earnings of the ad by which of the following? A) the total number of impressions B) the total number of impressions in hundreds C) the total number of impressions in thousands D) the total number of impressions in millions

77) All of the following are key design principles of responsive web design except: A) flexible grid-based layouts. B) media queries. C) coding by convention. D) flexible images and media.

80) Which of the following measures the ratio of items purchased to product views? A) conversion rate B) cart conversion rate C) browse-to-buy ratio D) view-to-cart ratio

81) Which of the following measures the percentage of e-mails that could not be delivered? A) abandonment rate B) unsubscribe rate C) bounce-back rate D) attrition rate

84) Today, online bill payment accounts for ________ of all bill payments, while paper checks account for ________. A) less than 10%; less than 25% B) about 25%; about 10% C) more than 55%; less than 20% D) 100%; 0%

14) Interactivity in the context of e-commerce provides which of the following functionalities? A) the ability to physically touch and manipulate a product B) complexity and content of a message C) the ability of consumers to create and distribute content D) the enabling of two-way communication between consumer and merchant

14) Which of the following forms of online advertising is expected to grow the fastest between 2017 and 2021? A) paid search B) sponsorships C) search engines D) rich media

14) Which of the following is not one of the basic business objectives for an e-commerce site? A) display goods B) execute a transaction C) provide production and supplier links D) optimize system architecture

15) All of the following can be considered a direct or indirect competitor of Amazon except: A) eBay. B) Apple's iTunes Store. C) Walmart. D) Priceline

17) Which of the following details the actual hardware components to be used in a system? A) architecture plan B) system functionalities plan C) logical design D) physical design

18) A ________ specifically details how you plan to find customers and to sell your product. A) sales analysis B) business plan C) competitive strategy D) market strategy

2) Which of the following online advertising formats attracted the least amount of spending in 2017? A) search B) classifieds C) rich media D) e-mail

21) Which of the following is not a primary source of ad fraud? A) browser extensions that insert ads into a premium publisher's website and then list the ads as available on a programmatic ad exchange B) ad targeting firms that create bots that imitate the behavior of real shoppers and then charge advertisers C) botnets hired by publishers to click on web pages to create phony traffic D) native advertising that is displayed on a social media site

22) Which of the following is not an example of malicious code? A) scareware B) Trojan horse C) bot D) sniffer

26) A template test is a form of which type of testing? A) unit testing B) system testing C) acceptance testing D) A/B testing

27) All of the following are among those most frequently affected by ad-blocking except: A) gaming sites. B) newsgroup/forums. C) social network sites. D) online retailers

27) When using multivariate testing, if you wish to test two different versions of an image, a button, and a piece of text, how many combinations will you need to test? A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8

29) According to Symantec, the number of data breaches in 2016 increased by ________ compared to 2015. A) 100% B) 15% C) 150% D) 20%

29) Which of the following statements about Foursquare is not true? A) Foursquare combines a social network business model with location-based technology. B) Foursquare has struggled to find profitability. C) From 2014 to 2017, Foursquare's revenue doubled on a year-to-year basis. D) Foursquare has decided to refocus its effort on developing a subscription-based revenue model

3) Which element of the business model addresses what a firm provides that other firms do not and cannot? A) competitive environment B) competitive advantage C) market strategy D) value proposition

3) Which of the following is not one of the main stages of the online purchasing process? A) post-purchase service and loyalty B) awareness C) engagement D) conversation

30) According to Ponemon Institute's 2017 survey, which of the following was not among the causes of the most costly cybercrimes? A) malicious insiders B) malicious code C) denial of service D) botnets

30) Which type of investor typically becomes interested in a start-up company after it has begun generating revenue? A) incubators B) angel investors C) crowdfunders D) venture capital investors

31) Creating multiple variations of information goods and selling these to different market segments at different prices is called: A) bundling. B) customization. C) dynamic pricing. D) versioning

31) Which of the following is an example of social e-commerce? A) Amazon B) eBay C) Wikipedia D) Facebook

31) ________ typically attack governments, organizations, and sometimes individuals for political purposes. A) Crackers B) White hats C) Grey hats D) Hacktivists

32) All of the following are fixed price strategies except: A) bundling. B) versioning. C) free pricing. D) yield management

32) All of the following use a social network marketing strategy except: A) Twitter. B) YouTube. C) Pinterest. D) Amazon

38) All of the following are basic functionality provided by web servers except: A) site management tools. B) data capture tools. C) security services. D) a shopping cart.

4) Which of the following is an example of an integrity violation of e-commerce security? A) A website is not actually operated by the entity the customer believes it to be. B) A merchant uses customer information in a manner not intended by the customer. C) A customer denies that he is the person who placed the order. D) An unauthorized person intercepts an online communication and changes its contents

40) Which of the following would you use to verify that links on web pages are valid? A) HTTP B) FTP C) data capture tools D) site management tools

42) Advantages of dynamic page generation include all of the following except: A) lowered menu costs. B) market segmentation. C) nearly cost-free price discrimination. D) client-side execution of programming.

43) Which of the following cannot be used to retrieve objects from a database? A) CGI B) ASP C) JSP D) HTML

43) Which of the following is not a major technology trend in e-commerce in 2017-2018? A) Mobile messaging services become popular with smartphone users. B) Firms are turning to business analytics to make sense out of big data. C) The mobile computing and communications platform creates an alternative platform for online transactions, marketing, advertising, and media viewing. D) Growth of the Internet of Things slows down

45) Which of the following technologies is used to separate the design and presentation of content from the content creation process? A) CGI B) proxy server C) shopping cart D) CMS

46) Which of the following describes the basic web policy of large firms during the Invention period? A) Integrate social networks and the mobile platform with website marketing. B) Emphasize the necessity for the Web to generate profits. C) Use the Web to sell complex goods and services online. D) Maintain a basic, static website depicting the firm's brand.

47) All of the following use an advertising revenue model except: A) Twitter. B) Yahoo. C) Google. D) Amazon

47) It is estimated that by 2021, the size of the B2B market will reach: A) $760 million. B) $7.6 billion. C) $760 billion. D) $7.6 trillion.

49) In 2017, there were more than ________ Internet hosts. A) 1 million B) 10 million C) 100 million D) 1 billion

5) All of the following are online communications that are used to support the evaluation of alternatives stages of the consumer decision process except: A) search engines. B) online catalogs. C) social networks. D) targeted banner ads

52) Which of the following features of e-commerce technology has reduced the cost of delivering marketing messages and receiving feedback from users? A) ubiquity B) richness C) information density D) universal standards

53) All of the following are methods of securing channels of communication except: A) SSL/TLS. B) digital certificates. C) VPN. D) FTP

55) All of the following are examples of Web 2.0 sites and applications except: A) photo-sharing sites. B) blogs. C) wikis. D) auction sites

55) Which of the following is a Google algorithm update related to local search? A) Penguin B) Hummingbird C) Panda D) Possum

56) All of the following are used for authentication except: A) digital signatures. B) certificates of authority. C) biometric devices. D) packet filters

56) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a perfect competitive market? A) Price, cost, and quality information are equally distributed. B) A nearly infinite set of suppliers compete against one another. C) Customers have access to all relevant information worldwide. D) It is highly regulated.

57) A web beacon is: A) a cookie that carries a virus. B) an executable cookie. C) an automated applet for performing web searches. D) a tiny graphics file embedded in an e-mail or web page

57) All of the following are examples of business-to-business (B2B) business models except: A) e-distributors. B) e-procurement. C) exchanges. D) portals.

57) All of the following were visions of e-commerce expressed during the early years of ecommerce except: A) a nearly perfect information marketspace. B) friction-free commerce. C) disintermediation. D) fast follower advantage.

57) An intrusion detection system can perform all of the following functions except: A) examining network traffic. B) setting off an alarm when suspicious activity is detected. C) checking network traffic to see if it matches certain patterns or preconfigured rules. D) blocking suspicious activity.

59) All of the following are methods of improving the processing architecture of a website except: A) separating static content from dynamic content. B) optimizing ASP code. C) optimizing the database schema. D) adding web servers

62) Which of the following is a characteristic of the Reinvention phase of e-commerce? A) massive proliferation of dot-com start-ups B) widespread adoption of broadband networks C) rapid growth of search engine advertising D) expansion of e-commerce to include services as well as goods

64) A ________ marketplace supplies products and services of interest to particular industries. A) perfect B) differentiated C) horizontal D) vertical

67) All of the following are important factors in search engine optimization except: A) selecting keywords and page titles. B) encouraging other sites to link to your site. C) buying search engine ads. D) adhering to privacy policies.

67) Which of the following refers to the practice of researching a product online before purchasing it at a physical store? A) zooming B) grazing C) showrooming D) webrooming

69) ________ is a programming language invented by Netscape used to control the objects on an HTML page and handle interactions with the browser. A) VBScript B) ActiveX C) ColdFusion D) JavaScript

71) VTR measures the ________ response rate to an ad. A) 30-minute B) 24-hour C) 7-day D) 30-day

72) A strategy designed to compete within a narrow market or product segment is called a ________ strategy. A) scope B) differentiation C) commoditization D) focus

73) What kinds of ads have the lowest CTR? A) video ads B) e-mails to an in-house list C) social network display ads D) banner display ads

80) Which business application is associated with the technological development of local area networks and client/server computing? A) transaction automation (e.g., payroll) B) desktop automation (e.g., word processing) C) industrial system automation (e.g., supply chain management) D) workgroup automation (e.g., document sharing)

81) Which of the following is one of the three primary societal issues related to e-commerce? A) liability B) anonymity C) equity D) intellectual property

9) Which of the following features of e-commerce technology allows users to participate in the creation of online content? A) ubiquity B) global reach C) information density D) social technology

35) Which of the following is not a key element of an elevator pitch? A) exit strategy B) growth metrics C) legal structure D) market opportunity

38) TCP/IP operates in which layer of Internet architecture? A) Network Technology Substrate layer B) Middleware Services layer C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer D) Applications layer

The Transport Layer of TCP/IP is responsible for which of the following? A) placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium B) addressing, packaging, and routing messages C) providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets to and from the application D) providing a variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers

The process of slicing digital messages into parcels, sending them along different communication paths as they become available, and reassembling them at the destination point is called: A) routing. B) the Transmission Control Protocol. C) packet switching. D) the File Transfer Protocol.

Who wrote the first paper on packet switching networks? A) J.C.R. Licklider B) Ray Tomlinson C) Leonard Kleinrock D) Vint Cert

The Internet Layer of TCP/IP is responsible for which of the following? A) placing packets on and receiving them from the network medium B) addressing, packaging, and routing messages C) providing communication with the application by acknowledging and sequencing the packets to and from the application D) providing a variety of applications with the ability to access the services of the lower layers

The backbone of the Internet is formed by: A) Internet Exchange Points (IXPs). B) Tier 1 ISPs. C) Network Access Points (NAPs). D) Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs).

During which phase of the development of the Internet was the Domain Name System (DNS) introduced? A) Commercialization phase B) Institutional phase C) Innovation phase D) Consolidation phase

81) Which of the following statements about mobile websites is not true? A) Mobile websites run on a firm's servers, just like a traditional website. B) Mobile websites can be built using standard web tools such as server-side HTML, Linux, PHP and SQL. C) Generally, mobile websites operate more quickly than traditional websites viewed on a desktop computer connected to a broadband office network. D) Most large firms today have mobile websites.

82) Beginning the e-commerce development process with a mobile presence rather than a desktop website is referred to as which of the following? A) RWD B) AWD C) mobile first design D) RESS

82) Which of the following is the most meaningful metric for video ads? A) view time B) CTR C) completion rate D) skip rate

1) In 2017, almost ________ of the U.S. population regularly used the Internet. A) 45% B) 55% C) 75% D) 85%

10) Which of the following is an example of the affiliate revenue model? A) Scribd B) eBay C) L.L. Bean D) MyPoints

11) Which system functionality must your website have to be able to personalize or customize a product for a client? A) an ad server B) a site tracking and reporting system C) an inventory management system D) customer on-site tracking

13) All of the following would be considered a direct competitor of Priceline except: A) Travelocity. B) Expedia. C) Orbitz. D) ESPN

17) Which of the following is not true about search engine advertising? A) Spending on search engine advertising constitutes over 45% of all online advertising spending. B) The top three search engine providers supply over 95% of all online searches. C) The click-through rate for search engine marketing has been fairly steady over the years. D) Search engine advertising is the fastest growing type of online advertising

23) Which of the following does not offer website building tools? A) Squarespace B) Google Sites C) WordPress D) Apache

25) Which of the following uses a subscription-based sales revenue model? A) Yahoo B) eBay C) MyPoints D) Dollar Shave Club

64) Which of the following is not true regarding e-commerce today? A) Economists' visions of a friction-free market have not been realized. B) Consumers are less price-sensitive than expected. C) There remains considerable persistent price dispersion. D) The market middlemen disappeared.

66) All of the following are website design features that annoy customers except: A) slow-loading pages. B) pop-under ads. C) splash pages. D) multi-browser functionality

During which period of time did the Institutionalization phase of Internet development take place? A) 1950-1960 B) 1961-1974 C) 1975-1995 D) 1995-through the present

Internet traffic is predicted to do which of the following over the next five years? A) decrease B) double C) triple D) quadruple

The ________ allows a natural language expression, such as Google.com to represent a numeric IP address. A) uniform resource locator system B) Internet protocol addressing schema C) domain name system D) assigned numbers and names (ANN) system

Which of the following is the core communications protocol for the Internet? A) Telnet B) FTP C) TCP/IP D) TLS

The Web runs in which layer of Internet architecture? A) Network Technology Substrate layer B) Middleware Services layer C) Transport Services and Representation Standards layer D) Applications layer

The concept behind document formatting had its roots in which of the following? A) XML B) SGML C) HTML D) GML

Which of the following is not a basic type of cloud computing service? A) IaaS B) PaaS C) SaaS D) FiOS

1) Confidentiality is sometimes confused with: A) privacy. B) authenticity. C) integrity. D) nonrepudiation

50) All of the following can be considered a precursor to e-commerce except: A) the development of the smartphone. B) Baxter Healthcare's PC-based remote order entry system. C) the French Minitel. D) the development of Electronic Data Interchange standards.

50) The basic value proposition of community providers is: A) they offer a fast, convenient one-stop site where users can focus on their most important concerns and interests. B) they offer consumers valuable, convenient, time-saving, and low-cost alternatives to traditional service providers. C) they create a digital electronic environment for buyers and sellers to meet, agree on a price, and transact. D) they increase customers' productivity by helping them get things done faster and more cheaply

51) A digital certificate contains all of the following except the: A) subject's private key. B) subject's public key. C) digital signature of the certification authority. D) digital certificate serial number

54) A ________ is hardware or software that acts as a filter to prevent unwanted packets from entering a network. A) firewall B) virtual private network C) proxy server D) PPTP

54) In the ________ business model, a web-based business builds a digital environment in which buyers and sellers can meet, display products, search for products, and establish prices. A) market creator B) community provider C) e-tailer D) portal

57) Which of the following is not a main factor in determining the overall demand on an ecommerce site? A) file sizes of web pages being served B) number of simultaneous users in peak periods C) speed of legacy applications that are needed to supply data to web pages D) whether content is dynamic or static

58) Unfair competitive advantages occur when: A) one competitor has an advantage others cannot purchase. B) market middlemen are displaced. C) information is equally distributed and transaction costs are low. D) firms are able to gather monopoly profits.

58) What is the primary revenue model for an e-distributor? A) sales B) transaction fee C) advertising D) subscription

61) Face ID is an example of which of the following? A) biometrics B) encryption C) IDS D) firewall

8) Stickiness is an important attribute for which of the following revenue models? A) advertising revenue model B) subscription revenue model C) transaction fee revenue model D) affiliate revenue model

80) Building which of the following is the most expensive path to creating a mobile presence? A) native app B) mobile website C) mobile web app D) hybrid HTTP

10) Which of the following basic system functionalities is used to display goods on a website? A) product database B) digital catalog C) shopping cart system D) customer database system

34) Which of the following is an example of an on-demand service company? A) YouTube B) Airbnb C) Tumblr D) Facebook

35) Which of the following is an example of B2B e-commerce? A) Airbnb B) Facebook C) Groupon D) Go2Paper

53) All of the following are issues facing Pinterest except: A) copyright infringement. B) inability to retain users. C) spam. D) scams

74) PCI-DSS is a standard established by which of the following? A) the banking industry B) the credit card industry C) the federal government D) the retail industry

17) Which of the following is the leading cause of data breaches? A) theft of a computer B) accidental disclosures C) hackers D) DDoS attacks

38) Which of the following is an automated, auction-based method for matching demand and supply for online display ads? A) retargeting B) behavioral targeting C) programmatic advertising D) keyword advertising

48) Which of the following is not considered a portal? A) Yahoo B) MSN C) Amazon D) AOL

52) In which year can e-commerce be said to have begun? A) 1983 B) 1985 C) 1995 D) 2001

A(n) ________ is a Web application that allows users to easily add and edit content on a Web page. A) wiki B) podcast C) blog D) RSS feed

Cortana is a type of: A) intelligent personal assistant. B) widget. C) gadget. D) social network.

In the address http://www.company.com/clients.html, which of the following is the top-level domain? A) .com B) company.com C) www D) http

The ________ helps define the overall structure of the Internet. A) IAB B) IESG C) W3C D) ITU

The protocol that enables the transmission of voice and other forms of audio communication over the Internet is called: A) VoIP. B) IPTP. C) VTP. D) IP.

Which of the following are specialized computers that interconnect the thousands of computers that make up the Internet in order to transmit message parcels along available communication paths and on to their destinations? A) routers B) Web servers C) IP servers D) packet servers

Which of the following is a set of rules for transferring data? A) protocol B) packet C) router D) IP address

Which of the following is currently the most popular Web browser? A) Internet Explorer B) Safari C) Chrome D) Firefox

Which of the following is not a concern about IoT? A) the high cost of sensors B) interoperability C) security D) privacy

Which of the following is not true about the mobile platform? A) Most smartphones use Intel chips. B) The number of cell phones worldwide exceeds the number of PCs. C) Over a third of the world's cell phones are smartphones. D) Smartphones use flash memory chips.

Which of the following protocols is used to send mail to a server? A) IMAP B) FTP C) HTTP D) SSL

Which of the following statements about cloud computing is not true? A) A public cloud is typically used by companies with stringent privacy and security requirements. B) Dropbox is an example of a public cloud. C) Hybrid clouds offer both public and private cloud options. D) A private cloud hosted internally or externally.

________ is a utility program that allows you to check the connection between your client and a TCP/IP network. A) Ping B) Telnet C) Tracert D) Finger

________ is used to allow remote login on another computer. A) Telnet B) FTP C) HTTP D) SSL

1) E-commerce can be defined as: A) the use of the Internet, the Web, and mobile apps to transact business. B) the use of any Internet technologies in a firm's daily activities. C) the digital enablement of transactions and processes within an organization. D) any digitally enabled transactions among individuals and organizations.

11) Bitcoins are an example of: A) digital cash. B) virtual currency. C) a stored value payment system. D) an EBPP system.

12) The overall rate of online credit card fraud is ________ of all online card transactions. A) less than 1% B) around 5% C) around 10% D) around 15%

12) Which of the following are the two main components of a systems design? A) logical design and physical design B) behavioral design and technological design C) business objectives and technology requirements D) front-end systems and back-end system

15) Which of the following is not a key factor for establishing e-commerce security? A) data integrity B) technology C) organizational policies D) laws and industry standards

15) Which of the following is not one of the four main methods advertisers use to behaviorally target ads? A) Nielsen ratings B) data collected from social networks C) integration of online data with offline data D) clickstream data

16) A perfect market is one in which: A) there are no competitive advantages or asymmetries because all firms have equal access to all the factors to production. B) one firm develops an advantage based on a factor of production that other firms cannot purchase. C) one participant in the market has more resources than the others. D) competition is at a minimum, as each niche market within an industry is served by the company with the greatest competitive advantage

16) Which of the following refers to any disparity in relevant market information among parties in a transaction? A) information asymmetry B) unfair competitive advantage C) imperfect competition D) dynamic pricing

18) Software that is used to obtain private user information such as a user's keystrokes or copies of e-mail is referred to as: A) spyware. B) a backdoor. C) browser parasite. D) adware.

18) Which of the following is not a practice that degrades the results and usefulness of search engines? A) social search B) link farms C) content farms D) click fraud

19) Which of the following refers to the complexity and content of a message? A) richness B) reach C) information density D) interactivity

2) Which of the following is an example of e-business? A) Amazon's inventory control system B) the Amazon.com website C) an Amazon mobile app D) Amazon's Pinterest page

2) ________ is the ability to ensure that e-commerce participants do not deny their online actions. A) Nonrepudiation B) Authenticity C) Availability D) Integrity

22) The percentage of all e-mail that is spam averaged around ________ in 2017. A) 55% B) 65% C) 75% D) 85%

24) In general, the key to becoming a successful content provider is to: A) own the content being provided. B) own the technology by which content is created, presented, and distributed. C) provide online content for free. D) provide other services as well as online content.

25) Which of the following is the most important tool in establishing a relationship with the customer? A) company website B) company CRM system C) Facebook D) search engine display ads

27) Which of the following is an unfair competitive advantage? A) brand name B) access to global markets C) lower product prices D) superior technology

27) Which of the following was designed to cripple Iranian nuclear centrifuges? A) Stuxnet B) Flame C) Snake D) Storm

28) The Nike iD program is an example of which of the following marketing techniques? A) customer co-production B) transactive content C) price discrimination D) permission marketing

28) Which of the following gives a business model the most credibility with outside investors? A) the firm's management team B) the firm's value proposition C) the firm's market opportunity D) the firm's market strategy

32) Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce in the United States: A) has grown at double-digit rates between 2010 and 2017. B) has less revenue than C2C e-commerce. C) now constitutes over 50% of the overall U.S. retail market. D) is growing more slowly as it confronts its own fundamental limitations

34) Google's AdSense is an example of which of the following? A) context advertising B) SEO C) programmatic advertising D) viral marketing

35) Which of the following is based on the idea of complete price transparency in a perfect information marketplace? A) the Law of One Price B) dynamic pricing C) price discrimination D) versioning

37) The leading web server software is: A) Apache. B) Microsoft Internet Information Server. C) Sun Solaris. D) Google Enterprise Server

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