Economics Unit 5
products that are bought and sold, including food, clothes, computers, and cars
material goods
Countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) _____ have the highest GDP per capita. may not always never
may not
the study of individual parts of the economy
microeconomics
when the central bank uses money supply and interest rates to affect a country's economy
monetary policy
amount of money available in the economy, including money in circulation and demand deposits
money supply
During periods of economic growth, an increase in consumption causes companies to make_____ goods and services. the same fewer more
more
When the economy is growing, producers are making _____ goods and services. more fewer
more
total amount of money the federal government owes
national debt
Select all that apply. Select the items that are included in macroeconomics. quantity of couches produced price of cars prices of goods and services used by most people number of people without jobs in the country
prices of goods and services used by most people number of people without jobs in the country
The _____ adds up the market prices of final goods and services. income approach product approach expenditure approach
product approach
the right to exclude others from using the good or service and the right to transfer the ownership or use the resources to others
property right
a duty imposed on imports to raise their price.
protective tariffs
something that can be used by everyone, provides benefits to more than one person at a time, and whose use cannot be restricted to only those people who have paid for it
public good
The U.S. government pays for _____ that producers would most likely not provide in the marketplace, such as building roads. public goods and services borrowing money revenue
public goods and services
person's ability to buy goods and services, given his or her income
purchasing power
Gross Domestic Product adjusted for price changes
real GDP
Gross Domestic Product that is adjusted for price changes is called _____. nominal Gross Domestic Product real Gross Domestic Product inflation
real Gross Domestic Product
money earned from all producers in a country
total income
all goods and services produced by using the factors of production
total output
an agreement between countries to reduce trade barriers
trade-bloc
unemployment that happens when the economy is growing slowly or shrinking
cyclical unemployment
The time from one economic peak to another economic peak (think roller coaster ride) is called the _____. economic cycle Gross Domestic Product net exports
economic cycle
behavioral pattern in the economy that includes growing and shrinking phases
economic cycle
time from one economic peak to another economic peak; behavioral pattern in the economy that includes growing and shrinking phases
economic cycle
During a period of _____, real GDP per capita can increase. economic downturn economic growth population explosion
economic growth
continual rise in a nation's production of goods and services
economic growth
Other standard-of-living measurements besides real GDP per capita may include _____. output of goods and services education producers' profits
education
actions intended to encourage (or expand) economic growth
expansionary policy
The _____ adds up the spending by different parts of the economy, such as consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. income approach product approach expenditure approach
expenditure approach
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) includes _____. exports, but not imports imports, but not exports exports minus imports
exports minus imports
unintended consequence
externality
Maquiladoras are most similar to American _____. small businesses large corporations agricultural centers factories
factories
end products of the production process
final goods and services
when the government uses government spending and taxes to affect economic performance
fiscal policy
money put into something financial, in hopes of earning more money
investment
Gross Domestic Product includes consumption, net exports, _____, and _____. exports, imports personal income taxes, public goods investments, government expenses
investments, government expenses
putting money into something financial, in hopes of earning more money
investmnet
Which of the following is not an example of how Irish immigrants were eventually accepted in the U.S.? Irish, and people of Irish decent, are allowed to hold public office. Companies in the U.S. outsource jobs to Ireland. Irish immigrants are no longer denied work based on nationality. Irish immigrants, and people of Irish descent are no longer only allowed to live in certain areas of cities.
Companies in the U.S. outsource jobs to Ireland.
The _____ is used to measure price changes in commonly used goods and services, such as food and housing. real inflation hyperinflation Consumer Price Index
Consumer Price Index
a measure of the average change in prices of commonly used goods and services
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
average change in prices of commonly used goods and services
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
_____ occurs with economic downturns in the economic cycle. Frictional unemployment Cyclical unemployment Seasonal unemployment
Cyclical unemployment
According to the United Nations, many countries with very high development are located in _____, and many countries with low development are located in _____. Africa, North America North America, Europe Europe, Africa
Europe, Africa
Monetary policy is carried out by the _____ and involves the money supply and interest rates. president government Federal Reserve
Federal Reserve
GDP divided by the number of people living in a country
GDP per capita
market value, in dollar amounts, of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
_____ includes the goods and services made in a country, and _____ includes goods and services made from domestically owned factors of production. Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product Gross National Product, Gross Domestic Product
Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Product
market value, in dollar amounts, of all final goods and services produced by domestically owned factors of production
Gross National Product (GNP)
Select all that apply. Select other ways to measure the quality of life in a country besides the real GDP per capita. Human Development Index Genuine Progress Indicator Gross Domestic Product Index of Social Health
Human Development Index Genuine Progress Indicator Index of Social Health
quality of life measurement that includes a form of GDP per capita, how long people are expected to live, and education
Human Development Index (HDI)
the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant (Syria), a terrorist Sunni Islam sect that seeks to create an all-Sunni country
ISIS
Where are production jobs most likely to be located? Europe Indonesia Japan Canada
Indonesia
Select all that apply. Select the items that describe how business investments can cause economic growth. Investments increase GDP. Investments create more jobs. Investments cause less spending. Investments can lead to more demand for goods.
Investments increase GDP. Investments create more jobs. Investments can lead to more demand for goods.
Select the answer that most accurately describes the effects of NAFTA. Due to the increase of trade and competition, NAFTA has unquestionably benefited all countries involved. Due to the exploitation of labor, NAFTA has been detrimental to Mexico. It is difficult to assess all the results of NAFTA, but most economists agree that NAFTA has been beneficial to the countries involved. It is difficult to assess all the results of NAFTA, but most economists agree that NAFTA has had a negative impact on the countries involved.
It is difficult to assess all the results of NAFTA, but most economists agree that NAFTA has been beneficial to the countries involved.
_____ is the study of the whole economy. Microeconomics Macroeconomics Gross Domestic Product
Macroeconomics
_____ is caused when the Federal Reserve increases the money supply. Monetary inflation Price inflation Fixed income
Monetary inflation
The _____ is the amount of money available in the economy, including the money in your wallet and demand deposits. Inflation Money demand Money supply
Money supply
_____ is an example of a negative externality. Governments intervene in the marketplace to make companies accountable for this kind of unintended consequence. A property right Pollution A public service
Pollution
The largest amount of money the government lays out is for the transfer program, _____. And its largest expenditure is for _____. national defense, education Social Security, national defense interest payments on the national debt, roads
Social Security, national defense
What was Hamilton suggesting of entrepreneurs in his "Report on Manufactures" in 1791? To increase economic productivity by seeking trade agreements. To guard trade secrets and other intellectual property from competitors. To seek to cut costs by lowering wages. To increase economic output by taking ideas from more developed manufacturers
To increase economic output by taking ideas from more developed manufacturers
_____ refers to the percentage of the labor force that is willing and able to work, does not currently have a job, and is actively looking for work. Unemployed Labor force Unemployment rate
Unemployment rate
Economic growth is _____. the GDP's peak, or highest point a continual increase in the GDP the same as the GDP
a continual increase in the GDP
adding things together
aggregate
Total output refers to the goods and services made by _____ producers in a country. some one all
all
An interest rate is the price of money _____ or _____. spent, lent borrowed, saved supplied, loaned out
borrowed, saved
People need to have _____ in the economy to spend money. purchasing power confidence less disposable income
confidence
trust
confidence
buying of final goods and services by households
consumption
actions intended to slow economic growth
contractionary policy
The Federal Reserve _____ the money supply to lower inflation. decreases increases
decreases
When the economy is shrinking, total output is _____ and total income is _____. increasing, decreasing increasing, increasing decreasing, decreasing
decreasing, decreasing
a dispersion of people outside their homeland
diaspora
statements or concepts obtained by inference from causes
generalizations
Fiscal policy is carried out by the _____ and involves spending and taxes. government Federal Reserve U.S. business community
government
Total _____ is the money earned from all producers in a country. sales income quantity
income
The _____ adds up the money earned by producers plus taxes paid to the government. income approach product approach expenditure approach
income approach
Expansionary policies are intended to _____ economic growth, and contractionary policies are intended to _____ economic growth. increase, increase decrease, increase increase, decrease
increase, decrease
Inflation is a(n) _____ in the prices of many goods and services, which _____ purchasing power. increase, decreases increase, increases decrease, decreases
increase, decreases
Economic growth can result from a(n) _____ in government expenditures and a(n) _____ in net exports. increase, increase decrease, decrease increase, decrease
increase, increase
By having antitrust laws, the government _____ in the marketplace. increases competition provides public goods offers safer products
increases competition
When the Federal Reserve _____ the money supply, it also _____ interest rates. increases, lowers decreases, lowers does not change, raises
increases, lowers
When the economy is growing, total output is _____ and total income is _____. increasing, decreasing increasing, increasing decreasing, decreasing
increasing, increasing
increase in the prices of commonly used goods and services
inflation
creations of the mind, such as inventions and literary and artistic works
intellectual property
price of money that is borrowed or saved
interest rate
people 16 or older who are actively seeking work
labor force
output of goods and services divided by the number of workers used to produce the output
labor productivity
the study of the whole economy
macroeconomics
manufacturing operations in Mexico where certain materials are duty- and tariff-free
maquiladoras
he federal government spends most of its money on _____, lays out the most money for the transfer program _____, and receives a large part of its revenue from _____. national defense, Social Security, personal incomes taxes interest from the national debt, payroll taxes, education the national debt, education, public goods
national defense, Social Security, personal incomes taxes
One of the problems with using real GDP per capita to determine the quality of life is that it does not fully account for _____. negative externalities consumption of material goods business investments
negative externalities
The Smoot Hawley Tariff _____. successfully improved sales of American goods. positively influenced foreign trade. kept all goods from foreign markets out of the United States negatively affected American industry
negatively affected American industry
exports minus imports
net exports
Gross Domestic Product in current dollars
nominal GDP
Part of the _____ is an economic downturn, which causes _____. GDP growth, inflation economic cycle, cyclical unemployment Federal Reserve, interest rates
not GDP
Brian has given up looking for a job. He has searched for more than a year and does not believe that a job for him exists. He is _____ in the unemployment rate. counted not counted
not counted
Real GDP per capita for the United States is calculated by dividing real GDP by the _____. number of people living in one state number of producers in the country number of people living in the country
not one state
_____ are sources of revenue for both federal and state governments. Individuals pay this tax from the money they earn. Property taxes Sales taxes Personal income taxes
not property taxes
Shoes made in an American-owned factory located in Mexico are part of _____. only the Gross Domestic Product only the Gross National Product both the Gross Domestic Product and the Gross National Product
only the Gross National Product
tax paid by individuals on money they earn
personal income tax
If you borrowed $5,000 for four years, that would be a _________________. short-term loan long-term loan critical loan interest-based loan
short-term loan
the authority of a state to govern itself
sovereignty
Real GDP per capita is the most popular way to measure _____. changes in prices standard of living changes in population
standard of living
comfort level that people experience from having goods and services available to them
standard of lving
Examining the real GDP per capita in different countries allows economists to compare _____ in different parts of the world. levels of education health care coverage standards of living
standards of living
Select all that apply. Select examples of unpaid work that are not included in the real GDP per capita. working in a clothing store taking care of your parents washing dishes doing laundry
taking care of your parents washing dishes doing laundry
number of working-age people who do not have jobs
unemployment
The government provides _____ to people out of work who are actively looking for new jobs. unemployment insurance frictional unemployment labor benefits
unemployment insurance
money that the government gives to unemployed people who meet certain requirements
unemployment insurance
percentage of the labor force that is willing and able to work, does not currently have a job, and is actively looking for work
unemployment rate