EDSP4150

One of the major differences between secondary and postsecondary education is in the laws that pertain to

Receiving services and supports

Employers refer to communicating effectively, working well with others (e.g., coworkers, customers, and supervisors), and responding well to feedback as

Soft skills

What do students with disabilities need to do prior to applying for college?

Take a standardized admission examination

Looking for jobs that are not advertised or not known is known as

Tapping into the hidden job market

Cell phones have begun to incorporate which of the following, which may include options such as voice control and talking screens

Universal design principles

How should an employment specialist get to know the job seeker?

Use a person-centered functional approach like spending time with the person in community settings

Which of the following is the most thoroughly researched of all cognitive-behavioral assistive technologies and has been shown to be effective in supporting home, school, and vocational skills; social behaviors; communication and wayfinding for people with autism; and other conditions?

Video modeling

What program was mandated through the Rehabilitation Act Amendments of 1998?

Vocational rehabilitation

Which of the following publications suggests that people think "outside the box" when looking at job prospects building on unique skills and talents rather than traditional job trends

What Color Is Your Parachute?

Research indicates that social skills instruction and the provision of social-related supports are most effective when carefully matched to

A student's individualized needs and taught in actual settings

An individual assessment showed that an individual has skills to do filing and he has a strong desire to be a police officer. To meet both the individual's needs and an employer's needs, the individual was placed in a job within a county sheriff's department that incorporates tasks of organizing and filing misdemeanor arrest reports and traffic citations. This is an example of

Job carving

What is described as a time when an employment specialist will need to get creative and explore the possibilities of developing a job description for a particular job seeker with an employer?

Job creation or job restructuring

What is a long way from being adequately realized due to lower rates of access and utilization among the disability community?

Potential benefits of computers and the mobile telephone

What strategy can be used to introduce the job seeker to a potential employer that includes pictures or a video of the student in action during his work experience or while out and about in the community, as well as letters of recommendation or other work-related material?

Presentation portfolio

Job clubs, employment workshops, and work experience programs are examples of

Programs that exist on college campuses to assist all students in building career-related skills for employment

What do employers point to as a critical factor in making a hiring decision?

Quality services and perceived support from an employment specialist

When an employment specialist has a chance to learn more about the employer's needs and the types of work being performed, this is referred to as an analysis of

workplace and job analysis

For whom was Raymond in "Raymond's Room" named (Dileo, 2007)

A resident who couldn't be trusted who had been in this room so long it was now named after him

What are "general statements of what students should know or be able to do when they complete each grade level or by the end of their overall school program"?

Academic and content standards

Although all aspects of the NCLB law are pertinent to secondary education, perhaps most relevant with respect to secondary curriculum involve

Accountability (all students taking an assessment every year in reading, math, and science in grades 3-8 and once again in high school) and the goal to graduate all students from high school

During what developmental period do peer relationships take on particular importance?

Adolescence

What are implications of the research on working with business?

An employment specialist must not only be well versed in supports for individuals with disabilities, but must also know how to develop partnerships with vocational rehabilitation referrals in a timely manner

What act defines assistive technology?

Assistive Technology Act

School personnel or VR representative

Business contacts should be done with a specific student in mind, not a whole program. Locate meaningful work, must look beyond available options and conduct a creative job search. In job development, the goal is to avoid the competition by developing relationships with businesses and developing employment opportunities. Employment specialists should have some other things to offer businesses and consider ways to develop strategic partnerships. Page 344:A staff person needs to know:

What does functional curriculum teach?

Chronologically age-appropriate skills needed to function in one's daily life

Which of the following programs offers more comprehensive work services and provides multiple employment options beyond the traditional day sheltered workshops?

Community rehabilitation programs

Which of the following is defined as 1) full-time or part-time work consistent with the individual's choices, 2) commensurate wages at or above minimum wage, and 3) benefits commensurate with coworkers in the same business setting?

Competitive employment

What is a process for individualizing the employment relationship between a job seeker or an employee and an employer in ways that meet the needs of both?

Customized employment

What was the result of court decisions and new laws that eventually led to more than 6,000 to 7,000 community rehabilitation and day programs nationally?

Deinstitutionalization

What approach to job development requires an employment specialist to work with employers to identify operational needs and ways to address them?

Demand-side approach

Providing service-oriented consultation to employers can create demand for job seekers with disabilities and disability employment program expertise. These are both examples of

Demand-side approach to job development

Students with disabilities have similar challenges as their nondisabled peers as they seek careers in professional fields; however, there are some unique differences in the career development needs of students with disabilities. Describe some of these differences.

Direct exposure to the variety of potential career opportunities Knowledge of how one's disability can influence career choices and work performance awareness of their rights and responsibilities in the workplace understanding the potential risks and benefits of disclosing a disability to employers Knowledge of which accommodations improve performance and how to request them from an employer.

Examinations of employer views on disability overwhelmingly suggest that, in spite of continuing misperceptions among many employers, there is ample evidence that

Disability in and of itself does not trigger inherently negative employer responses

Which of the following can assist students with or without disabilities to prepare for the academic rigor in college and earn college credit while still in high school?

Dual enrollment opportunities

What concept is built on the notion that competitive employment should be the first choice for all persons with disabilities?

Employment First initiative

Staff responsible for ensuring that those students with the most severe disabilities, such as those who need intensive supports, gain and maintain employment prior to exiting school may be known as

Employment specialists

What is defined as physical structures, surroundings, or objects present in the business that make the jobsite more accessible for current and future employees?

Environmental supports

Many students with disabilities are entering postsecondary programs unaware of

Existing technologies

It cannot be assumed that which of the following courses will be substituted at the college level?

Foreign language or math

What do some businesses view as a way to reduce learning time for new employees, increase career advancement opportunities, and prepare new leaders (Getzel & Briel, 2008b

Formal and informal mentoring

What tools can provide insights into how a student's social skills and challenging behaviors compare with those of other similar-age peers or to certain expected criteria?

Formal assessments

What early transition model placed social and interpersonal networks as one of three primary pillars of community adjustment?

Halpern (1985)

The following questions are used to help teachers determine _____: What skills and relationships contribute to success and satisfaction in a particular school, work, or community setting? Which of these skills and relationships will the student with disabilities need help developing? Should interventions focus on providing instruction, developing supports, or both? Do intervention efforts lead to noticeable improvements in the student's social outcomes and participation?

How to align intervention efforts with a student's individual needs related to transition

In a study conducted by Siperstein and colleagues (2006), 92% of consumers felt more favorably toward companies that hire employees with disabilities and 87% said they would prefer to give their business to such companies. This is an example of

How understanding the public view on employment of people with disabilities can inform job development practices

Who usually does not have hiring authority or the power to create a position in a department?

Human resource personnel

What can be done to promote meaningful participation in inclusive extracurricular activities?

IEP planning teams work to identify existing opportunities that align with students' interests and strengths and teach students the skills and information they need to participate in meaningful ways

The public school system may be required to purchase AT under what circumstances?

If it is a part of the student's individualized education program (IEP)

Explain the guidelines for developing a student introduction to a potential employer.

In order to make an effective introduction for the student it should include some of the positive attributes of the student, including soft skills, and other positive thinks that will make them better at the job. Work experience is also important to include along with skills and references. In order to get them employer to know the student better they should include things that the student likes, activities, hobbies, what they like to do for fun. Lastly, the student introduction should include any supports that the student may need whether it be a large font, a pictorial checklist or anything else.

Checklists, rating scales, and questionnaires are examples of

Informal assessments

Which of the following is an example of support-focused practice to improve social skills and competence?

Interactive activities

An individual who works for 3-4 months, is not successful, drops out of the employment market, and then comes back several months later (a consistently repeating pattern for some individuals) is an example of having'

Intermittent work history

What can be done to inform efforts to further refine and strengthen a peer support program?

Investing time evaluating the impact of a program on participating students and the broader school community

Identify the steps involved in establishing and sustaining a peer support program in a high school.

Laying the groundwork: Critical to ensuring that a new peer support program flourishes and accomplishes its articulated goals. Build a strong base of support among teachers, school leaders, other school staff, and families who will be involved in or affected by the program. Generating Interest: To expand and involve greater numbers of students, steps should be taken to promote the program to the broader school community and enlist the support of additional school staff. Program configuration: How will it initially be configured. Programs can look quite different from one school to another as program elements are tailored to match a school's vision, culture, and goals for all students. Identifying Participating Students: Identifying students with and without disabilities in the school who would benefit from participation. Peer support programs may be appropriate for students with disabilities who have: Education goals, few friendships, substantial social and/or communication skill challenges, or a need for additional support to participate meaningfully. Selection Considerations: Important to consider carefully those qualities and characteristics that participating peers without disabilities should possess. Extending Invitations: Invitations from teachers and other school staff, Presentations about the program, Broad announcements, Inclusive classrooms and school activities, current peer supports, and asking students with disabilities. Selecting students: Screening strategies to select students.

What is the final component of the supported employment definition that is the concept of continuous support services?

Long-term support services

Describe some facilitation strategies that can be used by educators, paraprofessionals, and job coaches.

Modeling ways for students with and without disabilities to initiate, maintain, and extend conversations with each other Demonstrating to peers how to converse with someone who uses an augmentative and alternative communication system Highlighting interests, strengths, and experiences shared among students Teaching critical social interaction skills Redirecting peers' questions and comments away from the adult and to the student with disabilities interpreting the communicative intent of challenging or nonverbal behaviors and suggesting appropriate responses to those behaviors Highlighting students' strengths and contributions to small-group assignments and other projects. Assigning classroom responsibilities requiring frequent interaction, such as small-group assignments, cooperative projects or activities that involve joint responsibilities. Relocating students so they work together and remain in close physical and social proximity to one another asking other peers to provide occasional support as needed.

Issues related to assessment, combined with history of debate over what and where to teach students with disabilities, resulted in what type of divide in the field?

More academic focus and curriculum versus a functional curriculum

What is an especially effective way to discuss opportunities for involvement with students who may not know about or may not have initially considered participating in a program?

Personal invitations

Workers sharing rides to and from work or a senior staff member helping a new co-worker get the job done when he or she needs extra assistance are examples of

Natural supports

Describe three of the nine values associated with supported employment.

One of the values associated with supported employment is power of supports which says that individuals with disabilities should determine what goals they would like to accomplish and then get assistance that they may need to accomplish these goals. Another value is self-determination and control which states that the individual must determine the supports/assistance they need in order to be successful and attain these supports. A third value is importance of relationships which is simply that individuals need to form relationships with people inside and outside of work in order to foster respect and acceptance in the community.

The employment specialist providing the new employee with one-to-one skills training (e.g., using systematic instructional techniques) that extends beyond that offered by the employer while ensuring that the work gets done is an example of

Paid internship

What are examples of five main approaches or options for special education curriculum?

Parallel curriculum that also uses the general education curriculum but reduces the complexity and lower-grade level curriculum

The extent to which students learn, use, and generalize critical social and communication skills can impact

Participation and success in a wide range of school, work, and community settings

What type of programs can look quite different from one school to another as program elements are tailored to match a school's vision, culture, and goals for all students?

Peer support program

What does mounting evidence suggest about the long-term impact of social competence?

Relationships can enhance access to rigorous, relevant education experiences; shared learning experience can set the stage for the development of key relationships

What function of PDAs has been well-researched among populations ranging from those with brain injury and autism to multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia?

Reminder function

Job development is an individualized process that is intended for job seekers who

Require guidance and counseling or perhaps instruction in order to locate work opportunities

Because it takes time, starting early in the planning process is essential for which of the following?

Researching financial aid resources from both public and private entities

If multiple peers express interest in becoming involved in a peer support program, it may be helpful to implement

Screening strategies

Students with all types of disabilities are served under IDEA (2004). What type of plans are now being held to high standards in high school, including exit exams to earn a diploma, participation in state accountability systems, and attention to a more rigorous academic curriculum focus?

Section 504 plans

What are the most critical skills for students attending postsecondary programs?

Self-management

Which of the following are examples of student-focused educational practices evaluated for secondary students with disabilities to improve social skills and competence?

Self-management strategies

The office responsible for determining accommodations for students with disabilities on college campuses is often called the

Services for Students with Disabilities

What do products such as Ablelink's Web Trek and endeavor email provide?

Simplified, icon-based computer interface that can be customized for individual needs

Decades of research addressing the social lives of adolescents converge upon what simple but important theme?

Social relationships really do matter

In addition to the connections available through formal peer support programs, educators and other school staff can take active steps to promote their students' social development and participation across the range of settings in which transition-age students typically spend their days. Describe some ways to promote social skills and relationships across other settings.

Social skills can be promoted in many different settings including extracurricular activities, college campuses, community and workplace settings, and inclusive classrooms. By including students with disabilities in extracurricular activities allows them to get more social skills outside of the classroom and in a less formal setting to where it can be more fun and relaxed. by hanging out outside of school with peers students are able to make friends with others who have similar interests as them. On college campuses, it is important for students to understand social skills because they are going to come in contact with lots of different experiences and pressures that they may not have had to deal with before college. In community and workplace settings students with disabilities may need to be paired with a peer mentor in order to learn the appropriate behavior for that workplace as well as the tasks involved with the job. By having peer supports the students may feel more comfortable and be less anxious when learning new tasks and being in a new environment.

Discuss the challenges involved in gaining access to postsecondary education for people with disabilities, including specific transition issues.

Some challenges in gaining access to postsecondary education for people with disabilities include classes in high school this can be resolved by increasing the rigor of that students high school classes to better prepare them for college classes especially in foreign language, math, science, history, and English, possibly even pushing for them to take dual-credit classes. Another difficulty might be knowing their rights and responsibilities in secondary education. They may not be aware of their services needed, they may need to be informed of the accommodations that they receive and how they will go about getting their accommodations when in college.

Discuss the expanding postsecondary education options for students with intellectual disabilities.

Some of the post secondary education options for students with intellectual disabilites include the mixed/hybrid model, the substantially seperate model, and the individual support model. In the mixed/hybrid model the students are taking the class for credit on campus with students who do not have disabilities. In the substantially seperate model students with ID are taking classes on campus mostly with other students who have significant disabilites. In the individual support model the student gets highly individualized servies and supports and how classes are accessed on campus.

Describe some typical employer concerns and how to address them

Some typical employer concerns are "will this work", "what will others think", and "will I lose or spend too much money'. one way to address the question of "will this work" the employment specialist should let the employer know that they have many individuals that they are trying to get jobs wor with a wide rang of skills, it should also be mentioned that they are trying to work with the business in order to provide an employee with the skills needed to achieve at their job with the necessicary supports in place.It is also importnat to let the employer know that they will make good recommendations for the job if they have someone who they deem fit for the job, it may even be helpful to provide the employer with references of businesses that have used employment specialists. The second question of "what will others think" can be addressed by the job specialist letting the employer know that many companies incuding Walgreens, Lowe's and other use job specialists to help individuals with disabilities find jobs in their companies. The last question "will I lose or spend too much money" can be addressed by the job specialist letting the employer know that most on the job training and job coaching is normally funded by the school or VR. Also letting them know that sometimes accommodations are little or no money at all like raising a desk, making a list of duties etc. It is important to be open with the employer and help them to feel more comfortable about hiring an individual with a disability.

Describe an individualized approach to supported employment.

Someone must be responsible for ensuring that the student actually goes to work

Discuss three categories of approaches to social-related intervention. How are these approaches similar and different in their focus and approach?

Student-Focused:Social skills training, Conventional turn-taking, Augmentative and alternative communication use, Collateral Skills instruction, and self-management strategies. Peer-Focused:Peer awareness training, peer interaction training, peer tutoring, peer networks, and peer support arrangements. Support-Focused: educational placement, interactive activities, instructional groupings, environmental modifications, and adult facilitation.

Which of the following are examples of promising and evidence-based intervention approaches

Student-focused strategies and peer-focused strategies

Why is setting career goals an important component of transition planning for students with disabilities entering postsecondary education?

Students must be aware of the career-related programs and activities on campus to assist them in preparing for a profession

For whom might peer support programs be appropriate?

Students with disabilities who have educational goals focused on improving the quantity or quality of interactions with peers and those with substantial social and or communication skills challenges

What document is provided by secondary education to students with disabilities on their exit from school?

Summary of Performance (SOP)

Describe supported employment and customized employment, and explain how they differ from sheltered work

Supported Employment (SE) benefits of having real, integrated work as a primary option. Provides the individual with a disability a real job, benefits, and the dignity that arises from gainful employment. Both VR and SE were found to have a strong impact on employment quality. Customized Employment: the process for individualizing the employment relationship between a job seeker or an employee and an employer in ways that meet the needs of both. Based on a match between the unique strengths, needs, and interests of the job candidate with a disability and the identified business needs of the employer or the self-employment business chosen by the candidate. It is real employment. It is a customized set of tasks that differ from the employer's standard job descriptions but are based on tasks that are found within that workplace. Could include job tasks from different jobs within the company.

What offers an array of information on inexpensive work supports like low- or no-tech assistive technology?

The Job Accommodation Network

What should an employment specialist promote when creating a job?

The employer's needs

What is an example of an academic- or standards-based curriculum?

The general education curriculum with no accommodations (i.e., consisting of the same curriculum for students without disabilities)

Differentiate between a functional and an academic approach to secondary curriculum and the benefits and limitations of each approach.

The goal of the functional curriculum approach is to teach students the necessary skills to function in their adult lives, including daily living skills, financial skills, vocational skills, etc. Some benefits of functional curriculum would be that it teaches student the skills necessary to live on their own and how to take care of themselves, it also teaches them to be self advocates and self determination. Some of the limitation would include An academic curriculum approach is the academic content teaching of students with disabilities. Some benefits would be that an academic based curriculum prepares students for post secondary outcomes. There are some hybrid opportunities that also incorporate life skills.Some limitations would be that students don't always get the accommodations they need in the general ed class, they are also required to take state-wide yearly assessments from 3rd-8th grade and then again in high school.

What are some common issues that may be beneficial to address with participating students during peer support orientation?

The rationale for involving peers in providing to their classmates with disabilities and basic information regarding their partner's interests, hobbies, talents, and school involvement

Describe the role of the consumer (User) in choosing assistive technology (AT) devices and services

The user needs to be aware of the supports that they need for their AT. Some of the questions the user should as themselves are; Did I assist in the selection of team member, do I have decision-making responsibilities, am I willing and ready to take on this role, do I have input into the direction of my AT needs and preferences, and lastly, do I have or want a mentor who can assist me in developing advocacy skills or advocating on my behalf? The user is the most important person when it comes to determining the AT that needs to be used, they know what they need and they will be able to tell if they are capable of using the AT or not. The team is there to assist but it should be up to the user to determine the appropriate AT for themselves

When considering postsecondary education opportunities for students with intellectual disabilities (ID), it is important to understand

The variety of options that are available

Describe the various social challenges encountered by youth with disabilities

These challenges may include Social Skills Limitations that include learning skills that would enhance collaborative work with others in a classroom or workplace, allay anxiety or uncertainty in social situations, or facilitate the development of new friendships. The social communication and behavioral challenges they encounter may be more substantial, hindering their involvement in the range of interactions that occur in school and community settings. It could also include limited inclusion and access to General Education and Elusiveness of Friendships and supportive peer relationships.

Why do some students elect not to disclose their disabilities?

They want to avoid being labeled as needing specialized services

One Pager and My Good Day Plan, which can be found at http://www.imdetermined.org, are examples of what?

Tools that can assist students in acquiring self-determination skills

What is an example of a practical suggestion on how providers and human resources departments could work together?

Willingness to provide job coaching

When an employment specialist has a chance to learn more about the employer's needs and the types of work being performed, this is referred to as an analysis of

Workplace and job analysis

general knowledge of the business community

good understanding of job seekers abilities desires and support needs PCP and functional activities conducted to help identify student interests, abilities, and support needs. Consider existing jobs because they are able to perform the essential job functions A specially developed or created job may be able to be made. On the job supports for the student Performance data need to be collected to evaluate the worker's performance The specialist will begin to "fade" as the student is learning the job until they are no longer needed, but are there to offer periodic follow-up services