EDU 241-I01 Midterm Study Set
Identify a negative consequence of importing products due to globalization? a) it restricts the ability to procure production throughout the year b) it increases the possibility of large-scale outbreaks of diseases such as salmonella c) it raises the cost of imported products d) it leads to a loss of jobs in developing countries
b
The founders of the United States were firm in their belief that ______. a) politics and religion should be integrated b) religious ideas should be carried into the public sphere c) religion and politics should be separate d) politics should be backed by religion
c
Thomas Friedman asserts that Globalization 2.0, lasting from the beginning of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century, was an era characterized by ______. a) national competition b) technological convergence c) the formation of multinational entities d) the empowerment of global individuals
c
When either an individual in authority or an organization that harbors negative race prejudice puts practices or procedures in place that actively discriminate toward a particular group, it is called ______. a) reverse racism b) affirmative action c) institutional racism d) internalized racism
c
True or False: Sex or gender is biologically defined on the basis of a particular set of socially valued behaviors.
False
True or False: The content of models that explain cultural differences to students and improve intercultural interaction applies only to situations confronted by teachers in classrooms and schools.
False
_________ __________ can be defined as a process of educational reform that assures that students from all groups (racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, ability, gender, etc.) experience educational equality, success, and social mobility.
Multicultural Education
_________________results from the transformation of race prejudice and/or ethnocentrism through the exercise of power against a racial group defined as inferior by individuals or by institutions, with the intentional or unintentional support of an entire culture.
Racism
True or False: International trade agreements between nations along with the political events occurring in other countries have a much more profound effect on the political agenda of the United States than they used to?
True
A problem caused by the culture-specific approaches to education is that they ______. a) cannot attend to the wide array of differences that collectively control the teaching-learning process b) have a broad focus c) do not address differences between two different groups d) are ethnocentric
a
According to Banks, 1988, in opposition to the assimilationist ideology came the call for cultural pluralism by a group of philosophers and writers who argued that ______. a) a political democracy must also be a cultural democracy b) an individual's identification with an ethnic group should be short-lived and temporary c) an individual's ethnic identity presents an obstacle to his or her long-term interests and needs d) individuals should be required to give up their ethnic identities
a
Identify a negative effect of globalization on the citizens of developing countries that export products to the United States. a) They are unable to afford food grains like quinoa which was once their staple food. b) They are required to relocate to developed nations for manufacturing jobs. c) They face a weak competition in the labor market. d) They lose their jobs to U.S. citizens.
a
Identify a socializing agent that operates face-to-face. a) peer groups b) television c) social media d) print media
a
Identify a true statement about the impact of shifts in the economy on lower-income families in the United States. a) Benefits including individual, family, and retiree healthcare coverage, paid vacations, and pensions are unavailable to low-paid service workers. b) Low value, commodity-based manufacturing is expanding in the United States. c) Routine manufacturing jobs that can be performed at low cost are moving from developing nations to the United States. d) The idea of unionism is popular in jobs where workers are discouraged to put their patients and customers first.
a
Identify a way in which culture is constructed. a) It is socially constructed by human beings in interaction with one another. b) It is constructed by nature as a response to human interference. c) It is constructed by nature as part of the environment. d) It is an inborn trait in individuals.
a
Identify an example of primary socialization. a) an individual knowing that he or she has to exhale while pronouncing the letter "H" b) a child joining school at the age of five c) an individual realizing that it is time for him or her to get married d) a child learning how to play the piano
a
In the context of religion and politics, the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution focused mainly on ______. a) protecting religious groups from interference by the state b) ensuring that political forces were backed by religion c) carrying religious ideas into the political sphere d) eliminating the involvement of religion in private affairs
a
In-context learning involves ______. a) direct participation in real-world events b) the use of books and abstract learning tools c) a captive learning environment d) more formal schooling
a
No racial educational problem existed in southern schools prior to the Civil War because ______. a) pre-Civil War South was against the law to educate Black slave children b) Black slave children were educated in common schools c) Black slave children obtained education from African American church communities d) Catholic schools were responsible for education of Black slave children
a
Second-, third-, and fourth-generation native-born Protestants opposed the emergence of Catholic schools in the United States because they believed that these schools were intended to ______. a) instill undemocratic values in Catholic children b) create competition among people for newly created industrial jobs c) act as a weak medium for maintaining Catholic communities d) shift children's religious faith from Christianity
a
The ______ involved immigrant children being placed in vestibules and being instructed in proper use of English by speech teachers who were then at their parents' requests also assigned to work with children who had medically impaired articulation. a) assimilationist model of education b) Montessori approach to education c) project-based learning approach d) technical education approach
a
The first battles within the pluralistic common schools in the United States were waged around the issue of ______. a) religion b) ethnicity c) race d) gender
a
Which of the following helps individuals acquire specific knowledge, attitudes, skills, and values that form their cultural identity? a) socializing agents b) stereotypes c) prototype images d) prejudices
a
Which of the following is a true statement about political participation in recent elections? a) Participation features a multicultural array that reflects a changing nation. b) There has been a decrease in the number and percentage of youth voters. c) The participation of older voters has increased in recent elections. d) The current trend of voters reflects a monolithic, older, white electorate.
a
Which of the following statements is true of the income inequality in the United States? a) It makes upward mobility increasingly difficult for many low-income Americans. b) In the last decade, the wages of the median U.S. worker declined significantly. c) It results in a decline in the wages of the wealthiest 1 percent of Americans. d) In the last decade, the richest Americans earned only 1.2 times more than the poorest Americans.
a
______ is culturally defined according to the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior patterns shared by a group of people with the same history and perhaps the same language. a) Ethnicity b) Social class c) Social status d) Gender
a
Select all that apply Identify the features of global education. a) It is interdisciplinary. b) It tries to solve problems through stressing inclusiveness, tolerance, justice, cooperation, and non-violence. c) It is meant to direct change in societies without learning much about other people and places and their histories. d) It is a subject rather than an approach.
a, b
Select all that apply Two sociological studies of young Catholics note that this generation is more ______. a) tolerant of religious diversity b) individualistic c) intolerant of ethnic diversity d) committed to the practice of their faith
a, b
Which of the following statements are true of fundamentalist denominations in the United States? a) they are the fastest growing religious organizations in the nation b) they are politically aware and active c) they are admirers of the concept of evolution d) they are limited only to Christianity and Hinduism
a, b
Select all that apply Identify the models that can be used by teachers to transmit intercultural understanding and skills to students. a) the model for improving intercultural interaction b) the model for segregating individuals into cultural groups c) the model for explaining cultural differences d) the model for focusing on intercultural conflict
a, c
Select all that apply Which of the following challenges are faced by individuals who undertake change toward a more global education? a) Educators and policymakers concerned with education have not themselves had the opportunity to think much about education for a truly global era. b) Innovations such as 21st-century skills and knowledge are never tolerated even when they lead to adequate performance on traditional measures. c) Despite scattered calls for 21st-century skills and knowledge, there is no deep desire for such innovative education on the part of most families. d) Educators' own education strictly prepares them to undertake multicultural education seriously and reject global education.
a, c
Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true of fundamentalists in the 21st century? a) they believe in democratic reforms b) they are least interested in education c) they view the secular state as the primary enemy d) they are interested in preserving the spiritual dimension of life
a, c
Identify the similarities between multicultural education and global education. a) Both are interested in helping students understand other people and other cultures. b) Both are rooted in democratic theory and can be mandated by law. c) Both desire to improve students' sense of civic responsibility and citizenship. d) Both work toward the goal of solving problems. e) Both avoid focusing on equity.
a, c, d
Identify the issues related to the development and improvement of intergroup and intragroup interactions. a) attribution and assessment across groups b) decline of intercultural sensitivity c) gender equality among teaching force d) cross-cultural understanding and interaction
a, d
Select all that apply Identify the factors that are of primary importance in the shifting demographics of the population of the United States. a) the lower number of American youth compared to citizens of age 65 and older b) declining diversity of family forms c) higher number of households headed by married couples than those headed by single adults d) immigration from non-European countries e) considerably higher birthrates among nonwhite populations than they are among whites
a, d, e
Select all that apply Identify some of the key immigrant issues in America. a) asylum and refuge in the United States b) availability of global education c) documented migrants d) family separations e) temporary protected status f) undocumented immigrants
a, d, e, f
According to Bierstedt, 1974, the term ______ has been defined as a formal, recognized, established, and stabilized way of pursuing some activity in society. a) cooptation b) social institution c) creationism d) contest mobility
b
According to Bullivant, 1993, identify a specific characteristic of a subculture. a) It is exactly the same as a microculture. b) It is distinguished by a unifying set of ideas and practices. c) It implies a greater linkage with the parent culture than microculture. d) It is also referred to as macroculture that mediates political institutions in society.
b
According to Thomas Friedman, Globalization 1.0 was characterized by ______. a) the globalization of individuals b) national competition c) the formation of multinational entities d) technological convergence
b
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2019, identify a true statement about the age of men and women at the time of marriage and childbirth in 2010. a) It had reached the lowest ages of nearly 19 for women and nearly 18 for women. b) It had reached the all-time high of nearly 30 for men and nearly 29 for women. c) It remained steady since the 1910s. d) It has been gradually declining over the 2000s.
b
After establishing the need for an education that is multicultural, it is necessary to understand ______ in order to understand culture, learning, and the culture-learning process. a) how people of the same culture interact with one another b) what is meant by the term multicultural c) how people disassociate their behavior with different multicultural groups d) why individuals reject their cultural identities
b
An assumption about culture is that ______. a) it is an inborn trait b) it involves nurturing and growth c) it is a product of nature d) it is a naturally occurring component of the environment
b
Identify a reason why people of the United States find themselves looking more and more often beyond their own borders for goods, services, and sales? a) gradual decline in world population figures b) advances in computer technology and high-speed travel c) reduction in the distribution of goods in the United States d) the rising cost of manufacturing outside of the United States
b
Identify a true statement about the increasing debate between so-called conservative and liberal voters? a) Americans have shown a decreased resistance to change over the past 20 years. b) There is a decline in the power of the two major political parties. c) Voters in America are more blue than red. d) Voters in America are more red than blue.
b
Identify a true statement about the term race. a) it solely refers to characteristics of people that are physical b) its use is socially defined on the basis of physical criteria c) it is precise and specific d) its use is based on biology
b
Identify a true statement about the testing and accountability movement that has resulted from the rethinking of schools and teaching. a) it accepts that some children will not measure up to standards b) it emphasizes learning outcomes for all children c) it rejects the belief that all children can succeed d) it eliminates certain children from the ranks of the educable
b
Identify an accurate statement about the factors that influence the institution of politics in the United States. a) The American voters are more "red" than purple. b) Interaction of American citizens with people from other nations in matters of trade has increased. c) Younger generations of Americans are least likely to be engaged in civic affairs. d) The number and percentage of so-called youth voters in the presidential elections are declining.
b
Improving students' understanding of the concept of pluralism in American society requires teachers to first ______. a) develop models of the sources of cultural learning and of the culture-learning process b) understand the social changes that have historically and are currently taking place in society c) expand their knowledge base of culture and the different groups found in the United States as well as abroad d) broaden their instructional repertoire so that it reflects an understanding of the various groups with whom they will interact
b
In order to show how culturally different people interact with one another and how these interactions can be improved, it is necessary to learn ______. a) why monolingual interactions are a necessity within school systems b) how individuals develop intercultural competence and improve their interactions with other cultures c) why individuals reject their cultural identity d) how perceptions of behavior are disassociated from cultural groups in the same school system
b
In the context of biology, ______ refers to the clustering of inherited physical characteristics that favor adaptation to a particular ecological area. a) ethnicity b) race c) gender d) sexuality
b
In the context of the issue of diversity in public schools, what was the goal of the assimilationist model of education? a) to preserve the religious faith of the Catholics and indoctrinate immigrant children into it b) to make immigrant children as much like white, Anglo-Saxon Protestants as possible in as short a time as possible c) to keep children away from any type of religious faith and promote secularism d) to emphasize a secular government that would maintain the new forms of democracy being developed in the United States
b
Shared cultural identification is transmitted from one generation to the next except in the case of the culture of the ______. a) Indians b) deaf person c) native population of a country d) immigrant population of a country
b
The category of ______ is culturally defined on the basis of shared citizenship. a) social class b) nationality c) gender d) health
b
The first step in providing an education that is truly multicultural is to improve students' understanding of the ______. a) process of acquiring a cultural identity b) concept of pluralism in American society c) communication among culturally diverse people d) linguistic differences as a cultural imperative
b
The knowledge that humans construct, the manner in which it is presented, and the meaning it has for people is called ______. a) social class b) culture c) society d) gender bias
b
There is considerable evidence that the Native American populations that lived in the Americas before European settlement ______. a) were economically similar to the arriving Europeans b) exhibited greater tolerance toward diversity of thought and lifestyle than did the arriving Europeans c) were culturally similar to the arriving Europeans d) exhibited lower tolerance toward diversity of thought and lifestyle than did the arriving Europeans
b
Unlike multicultural education, global education ______. a) can be mandated by law c) must depend on ethical arguments and organizations like the World Trade Organization for its justification c) is rooted in democratic theory d) has a basis in a series of laws and court decisions, and therefore it is likely to enjoy a high profile
b
Why does the shift from manufacturing jobs to service jobs disproportionately affect lower-income families? a) It is because the United States is moving toward low value, commodity-based manufacturing. b) It is because service jobs do not pay as well as manufacturing jobs have in the past. c) It is because routine manufacturing can be performed at low cost in the United States. d) It is because service jobs pay more than manufacturing jobs have in the past.
b
Identify the views of fundamentalists in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. a) they supported the distinction between the state and the church b) they deplored the teaching of evolution in public schools c) they resented the elitism of professional educators who seemed often to scorn the values of traditional Christian families d) they believed in publicly institutionalizing aspects of the past that modern life could not change
b, c
Select all that apply Identify the problems associated with the culture-specific approaches to education. a) they have an intentionally broad focus b) they attend to differences between, not within, groups c) they may promote stereotypes d) they deal directly with the complex nature of cultural phenomena
b, c
Select all that apply Identify the true statements about global education. a) It involves realizing that individuals and groups have different needs and wants since they always view life in different manners. b) It involves learning about those problems and issues that cut across national boundaries as well as the interconnectedness of systems. c) It involves perspective taking—seeing things through the eyes and minds of others. d) It involves directing a group's attention to issues of equity, especially among domestic populations.
b, c
Select all that apply According to the American Council on Education (ACE), identify the areas of interest for those wishing to internationalize their campus in a comprehensive way. a) establishing schools and colleges in economically backward nations b) student mobility c) providing opportunities for faculty to develop international competence d) articulating institutional commitment e) facilitating only single-degree programs
b, c, d
According to Willard Daggett, which of the following are the areas in which specific changes contribute to the reshaping of today's basic institutions? select all that apply a) shifting trends in international politics b) globalization c) changing values and attitudes among the generations d) the media e) technology
b, c, e
How does income inequality affect several aspects of people's lives in the United States? Select all that apply. a) Children from low-income families are ahead of the children of college graduates in their grasp of both reading and math. b) The increasing cost of American higher education has resulted in it being out of reach for the poor. c) To attain an upper-class status of life, two blue-collar incomes have become necessary. d) Despite huge advances in medicine, technology, and education, rich people are living longer than the poor.
b, d
How does income inequality affect several aspects of people's lives in the United States? a) Children from low-income families are ahead of the children of college graduates in their grasp of both reading and math. b) Despite huge advances in medicine, technology, and education, rich people are living longer than the poor. c) To attain an upper-class status of life, two blue-collar incomes have become necessary. d) The increasing cost of American higher education has resulted in it being out of reach for the poor.
b, d
Identify the consequences of the shrinking number of American youth compared to citizens of age 65 and older. a) The aging baby boom population will not drain the American Social Security System. b) There will not be enough workers to support the aging baby boom population. c) Public resources for school-age populations will not be in competition with the needs of older Americans. d) The health care needs of an aging population are projected to strain the government's Medicare program to its limits.
b, d
In the context of the change in voting technologies in the United States, identify a true statement about an electronic voting machine. a) it is protected against tampering before a vote b) it lacks a paper trail of votes cast c) it always conducts an independent recount d) it faces interference with the transmission of results
b, d
Select all that apply Identify the true statements about the objective elements of culture. a) they are relatively difficult to pick up or observe b) they are most commonly thought of when cultural differences are considered c) they pertain to the hierarchy of social roles d) they consist of the visible, tangible elements of a group
b, d
A way to define a social institution is to think of it as a(n)? a) means of securing a livelihood b) way of managing religious information c) set of rules or norms d) way to reduce social cohesion
c
According to Raines (2002), the members of the Millennial Generation ______. a) were taught to be laid-back about academic achievement b) learned to be independent of family, friends, and teachers c) were taught to be inclusive and tolerant of other races, religions, and sexual orientations d) learned to refrain from volunteering activities that required community service hours for graduation
c
After the Civil War, the education of Black children was still not perceived to be a national problem by most whites because ______. a) Catholic schools were responsible for the education of black slave children b) African Americans were educated along with whites in common schools c) African Americans were educated in separate schools d) Black slave children obtained education from European American church communities
c
All the definitions of culture seem to have in common is the idea that culture ______. a) reflects the aspects that occur in nature b) reflects religious beliefs and ideologies c) refers to a human-made part of the environment d) refers to a complex personality trait of people
c
Coon (2000) defines ______ as the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of a community or a population. a) social class b) race c) culture d) ethnicity
c
Identify a true statement about culture. a) it is inborn in individuals from a particular area b) it is a naturally occurring component of the environment c) it is constructed by humans d) its beliefs and attitudes never change
c
Identify a true statement about the changes in the field of multicultural education over time. a) it focuses solely on students from minority groups b) it ignores the importance of national issues c) it is turning toward a more global sensibility d) it is witnessing a continued narrowing of its scope
c
Identify one of the areas suggested by Willard Daggett in which specific changes contribute to the reshaping of today's basic institutions? a) education b) medicine c) demographics d) politics
c
In order to understand culture, learning, and the culture-learning process, teachers must ______. a) list the various culture around the globe b) limit bilingual interactions within the school system c) adapt pedagogy to include the experiences of all students d) label children according to their backgrounds
c
In the context of a culture-specific concept of learning, unlike in-context learning, out-of-context learning ______. a) requires direct participation in real-world events b) seldom requires a captive learning environment c) uses specially trained teachers who are usually total strangers d) uses members of a family or an ethnic group as teachers
c
In the context of generational differences and the role of electronic culture, a study of college students who identify as Jewish, sponsored by Hillel, the Foundation for Jewish Campus Life shows that these students are ______. a) increasingly likely to be committed to the practices of their faith b) less likely to be in a relationship with people from other faiths c) increasingly likely to shun denominational labels d) less likely to have interfaith marriages
c
In the context of increasing language diversity among school children, ______ is the most common second language spoken in America's classrooms. a) French b) Chinese c) Spanish d) Hindi
c
More than 50 percent of Limited English Proficient (LEP) students are in grades K-4, with 77 percent coming from poor backgrounds. Which of the following is a characteristic of this group of children? a) strong intercultural communication skills b) lower rates of ethnocentrism c) a relatively high dropout rate d) a relatively high graduation rate
c
Some scholars, including McClelland & Bernier, have argued that the changes in the norms governed by social institutions require ______. a) the adoption of democratic principles that are defined by individualism b) the rejection of democratic principles that are defined by cultural pluralism c) a shift to the ideals of a cultural democracy d) a shift to the ideals of a Jeffersonian political democracy
c
The ______ greeted Columbus with food, shelter, and open festivity when the Spaniards first arrived on their small Caribbean island in 1492. a) British b) Irish c) Taino people d) Tudor people
c
Which of the following statements is true of the subjective components of culture? a) they are relatively easy to pick up or observe b) they consist of the endless array of physical artifacts that people produce c) they are the invisible, less tangible aspects of culture d) they include the stream of decorative and ritual objects people create
c
Students reflect the cultural identities of their families and define themselves by ______. a) reflecting less potent cultural identities b) opposing the ideologies of their religion c) creating their own particular in-school groups d) creating their own outgroups
c) creating their own particular in-school groups
Select all that apply Which of the following changes are likely to occur if colleges and universities in the United States internationalize their campuses? a) Universities will discontinue taking advantage of partnerships such as dual research programs. b) The number of undergraduate students leaving the country for higher studies will decrease. c) Increasing numbers of jobs and professions will include international work. d) International education will become a part of a large number of college majors.
c, d
Identify a true statement about socialization. a) Most people remember their own socialization very clearly. b) The stages of the socialization process are entirely discrete. c) Socializing agents are mostly similar across cultures. d) The process of internalization of knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors is a secret.
d
Identify an attitude about work that prevailed as recently as 30 years ago. a) People who changed jobs too many times were considered quite dependable by the industry. b) Workers changed their jobs to enhance their own prospects. c) It was not possible for workers to work for the same company for 30 years. d) People were supposed to go to work for a particular company and stay there throughout their working lives.
d
In the 21st century, fundamentalism refers to a(n) ______. a) international political response that aims at forming a government that is politically independent b) movement started by the White Anglo-Saxon Protestants who felt displaced by the influx of immigrants from Europe that populated American cities c) ideology that seeks to minimize the distinction between the roles of men and women in society d) global religious response that aims to recover and publicly institutionalize aspects of the past that modern life has changed and obscured
d
In the context of ability and disability, ______ is culturally defined according to a particular group's view of a person's physical, mental, and emotional states. a) sex b) gender c) intelligence d) health
d
Marrying later in one's 20s often means that ______. a) the risk of infertility is low b) the risk of divorce is high c) partners have good health conditions d) partners have higher educational levels
d
One of the purposes of education is to lead forth or liberate individuals from the narrow confines of their ______. a) workplace socialization b) secondary socialization c) adult socialization d) primary socialization
d
People who supported cultural pluralism believed that schools should ______. a) socialize individuals to support the goals of the nation as expressed through its leaders b) avoid providing an individual with identity when faced with discrimination by the larger society c) make culturally different children into American children d) promote an individual's identity group and actively promote their interests
d
The United States economy has been historically based on ______ within the borders of the country. a) the promotion of tourism b) agricultural production c) service delivery d) manufacturing done by companies
d
The cultural meaning of ability or disability is related to the ______ of the ability or disability itself. a) individualistic view b) biological definition c) health impact d) public perception
d
Which of the following factors may contradict the debates that center around electronic voting machines? a) Hand-counting of ballots is trusted more than recounting with the help of technological innovations. b) Studies show that the majority of Americans prefer voting with pencil or stylus. c) Younger generations of Americans are least likely to be engaged in civic affairs. d) Younger generations of Americans are growing up accustomed to and trusting technological innovations.
d
______ initiatives were established by the federal government as an attempt to counteract historic discrimination faced by ethnic minorities, women, and other underrepresented groups to compensate for the ways such groups have historically been excluded in the employment, education, and government sectors of society. a) Institutional discrimination b) Reverse discrimination c) Inclusive action d) Affirmative action
d
____________is the process of helping a child become a member of her or his social groups.
enculturate
_________ is the source of cultural identity that refers to what it means to be male or female in a society.
gender
The term __________ refers to a social group with shared characteristics that distinguish it in some way from the larger group in which it is embedded, such as the corporate culture or the drug culture.
subculture