EDUC 115 - Embracing Diversity tRat Questions Modules 1-5
According to Lott (2012), the rags to riches story is much more common in Hollywood than on Main Street for which of the following reasons?
Because only 6% of children born to families at the very bottom more to the very top
According to the lecture on Class and Classism which of the following is NOT a component of classism?
Bias against those in dominant social class
According to the lecture, when advertisements feature only a portion of a women's body (lips, breasts, legs, etc. in its campaign ads this is called ____________?
Dismemberment
When we see categories used by the US Census survey, it is important to keep in mind that each labeled group contains significant variability or ___________.
Diversity within diversity
According to Durante and Fiske (2017), there are two common stereotypes about social class acheivement gap in the US. One common stereotype is that low-income parents stereotypically do not value education. What is the other common stereotype?
Educators' doubts about poor students linguistic competency
Cultural Bias ____________.
Encompasses elements of both Individual and Institutional Bias but is more far-reaching
According to Cheng, hegemonic masculinity is the defining gender performance of _____________.
Euro-American males
The male as the normative principle is also reflected in the female as the ______________.
Exception/Other phenomenon
Which is NOT true of stereotypes?
Stereotypes can be accurately applied to all members of a social identity group
Marilyn Frye argued the root of the word oppression is the element of press. Which word does NOT represent a way in which she represents the concept of "press"?
Straighten
According to Russell (1996), it is critical that any discussion of internalized oppression be rooted in the appreciation aspects of internalized oppression are not intrinsic properties of the individual. Rather, much of internalized oppression results more or less directly from an individual's exposure to _________________.
Systematically negative social conditions
According to Deaux (2001), to share a social identity with others means ________.
We believe that we share numerous features with other members of the category
The psychology of diversity examines the psychological processes that are triggered when ___________.
We encounter people who are different from us
According to Frye, how can someone tell if a situation is oppressive?
If the incident is part of a systemic effort to create a barrier for the person/group of people
A particular implication of implicit bias is that __________.
Implicit biases may affect behavior in ways that can directly contribute to everyday, often unintentional, forms of discrimination
According to the lecture on Class and Classism, wealth is composed of __________.
Income and Assets
According to Lott (2012), the African American middle class is considerably removed in circumstances from those at the bottom of the income range, as a result __________.
It is not uncommon to find privileged blacks who believe they have nothing in common with poor blacks
According to Hyde, there are more euphemistic terms for women than for men in the English language because __________.
The word woman causes some discomfort to use
Cheng (1999) argues that "Nerds" are marginalized because _______________.
Their gender performance differs from hegemonic masculinity
When Marilyn Frye stated oppressed people are in a double bind siutation she means _______________?
Their options are reduced to few and all of them expose one to penalty, censure, and deprivation
According to the Stereotype Content Model, a stereotype is a function of how a group is precevied on which to dimensions?
Warmth and competence
Prejudice is ___________?
A negative attitude that is unfair and unjust
Internalized classism refers to the process by which ____________.
A person's understanding of class dictates their thoughts and actions
Implicit bias can be best described as _____________.
A preference for or against a social group that a person is unaware of so he/she cannot control
One of the most frequent manifestations of internalized classism is ___________.
A sense of being different or "the other"
Discrimination is primarily a _____________.
Action
The preparation of words used to describe females intentionally happens ____________.
Because of prejudice against women
According to Barber and Bridges (2017), the theory of hybrid masculinities suggest that inequalities persist and adapt. The adaptation takes place via three interrelated processes. Which is NOT one of the processes?
Hybrid masculinities challenge the structural inequalities between straight and queer men and playfulness accomplishes the goal of identity reshaping
According to Barber and Bridges (2017), commercial representations of masculinity are so distant from most men's everyday lives that they are laughable. But scholars who study humor have found jokes that allow for the _________.
Perpetuation of sexism, as well as racism, homophobia, and classism
According to Barber and Bridges, ideas about manly, macho or masculine varies by society, subculture, and time. But the shifts in masculinity do follow a curious pattern: they are __________ rather than ____________. When women enter into the historically masculine arenas they shift the boundires of feminity and those are the moments when people get anxious about masculinity, claim that it is "in crisis" and find groups rallying around "solutions" to this suddenly pressing social issue.
Reactive rather than anticipatory
The culturally dominated undergo a paradoxical oppression, in that they are bother marked out by stereotypes and at the same time __________?
Rendered invisible
According to Barber and Bridges, _______________ is used to sell men on products they presumable avoid for fear of what it might say about their gender and sexual identities.
Satirical masculinities
The question, "How do I treat them?," best frames questions about _________.
Discrimination
According to the lecture, there are consequences of sexual objectification of women. Which of the following is NOT one of these consequences?
Self love
Goodman (2015), argued that oppression and privilege are two sides of the same coin because ___________?
Some groups are advantaged because other groups are advantaged
According to Lott (2012), it is expensive to be poor because the poor often time have to pay for cashing checks, are charged more for car loans and insurance, and pay more for food products in small neighborhood grocery stores. These types of extra charges are called _______.
"Ghetto Tax"
According to the lecture on Class and Classism, what are the offs of a poor, low acheiving student attending a highly selective institution?
.02%
According to the lecture on Class and Classism, White households today make up 65% of the US population but own nearly _____ of all the wealth in the US. On the other hand, Black households make up 15% of the population, and Latino households make up 10% of the population, but they own less than ____ of the nations wealth, respectively.
90% and 3%, respectively
According to Goodman (2015), the dominant narrative in the US is there is equal opportunity for everyone. This worldview is called?
A Meritocracy - People get what they deserve
Young (1990) called the "way of life" that is extended to professionals but are not extended to nonprofessionals, outside the workplace _________.
Accumulated privileges
According to Durante and Fisk (2017), which of the following is NOT a way in which Social Class Stereotypes support inequality?
Achievement redundancy
Prejudice from a psychological perspective encompasses what three components?
Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hegemonic masculinity?
Allowing oneself to embrace their sensitive side
Essentially, Goodman (2015) argued that the difference between prejudices and oppression is _______________?
Any group (advantaged or disadvantaged) can hold prejudice or prejudments but only advantaged groups have the social power to act on their prejudice
According to Deaux (2001), in thinking about patterns of identity development and change, it is important to recognize that changes are more than intrapsychic. In other words, shifts in identity require __________.
Changes in the relationship to one's social and physical environments as well
According to the lecture, biological sex consists of ___________.
Chromosomes, Hormones, and Genitals
Social representations refer to ____________.
Commonly shared beliefs about social reality consensually held by members of a culture of subculture
The multidimensional nature of class ____________.
Contributes to its elusiveness
Which of the following is NOT one of the harmful effects of hegemonic masculinities
Gender equality
Which of the following would Deaux (2001) consider not to be a social category _________.
Greek affiliation
According to Lott (2012), social psychology examines the signifcance of ____________ for individual experience and behavior.
Group membership
According to Lott (2012), the rich are supported by a general ideology that equates sucess with _________ in the US.
Hard work and individual merit
In the english language, parallel words for males and females, the female form of the word more often then not __________.
Has a negative connotation
The most dominant form of manhood is called ___________.
Hegemonic masculinity
According to the lecture on Class and Classism the racial wealth gap is most influenced by _____________.
Homeownership
According to the lecture on Class and Classism, which of the following is NOT a common feeling experienced by students from lower social classes?
Independence - feeling free to develop as an individual with no obligation to family
The ideology of individualism claims that there are no intrinsic barriers to individual success and that failure is not a consequence of social structures but to which of the following?
Individual character
Which ideology does DiAngelo (2016) say is one of the barriers to well-meaning (and other) white people understanding racism?
Individualism
When women are called a term that seems to make them less mature than they are they are being _________.
Infantilized in language
According to Lott (2012), ___________ refers to the maintenance and reinforcement of low status by social institutions that present barriers to increase the difficulty of accessing resources.
Institutional Classism
According to the lecture there are Four I's of Oppression. Which of the following is not one of the Four I's?
Interdependence
According to the lecture, why is the Birdcage metaphor important?
It encourages us to see multiple barriers the oppressed face instead of just seeing the one visible barrier
Violence is included under oppression because _________?
It is directed at members of a group simply because they are a member of a group
According to Lott (2012) the elite African American children's network is called __________.
Jack and Jill of America
According to the lecture, gender has three dimensions. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of gender?
Language
According to the lecture inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth and material goods. Which of these is NOT an inequality of conditions?
Liberty
According to Lott, some scholars make important distinctions between the "working class" and the "poor" in that many working-class families have health care, take vacations, and own modest homes. The difference between the working-class and the poor can be atributed to which of the following?
Many working-class people are skilled or unionized workers while the poor work in low wage jobs in the secondary labor market
According to Young (1990), which Face of Oppression could be considered the most dangerous?
Marginalization
According to the lecture, men in our culture are so terrified of being "accidentally" feminine, which of the following has happened?
New words have been created to replace ones that have become feminized
Marilyn Frye argued that every person who is oppressed is somewhat harmed, but _______________?
Not every person who is harmed is oppressed
It has been argued that gendered identities, as opposed to a gender identity, might be more accurate because ________.
Of the multiple social identities that may be influenced by one's gender
According to Goodman (2015), while prejudices are harmful to everyone, when a group has social power - access to societal resources and decision making - they can enforce their prejudices on a societal level, which becomes ____________?
Oppression
According to the lecture which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oppression?
Oppression is demanding
Which of the following is NOT a reason given by Russel (1999) for why it is difficult to talk about class in the US?
Other forms of oppression are seen as more important
A fundamental challenge to diversity occurs when we rely on social categorizations because social categorization creates in-groups and out-groups. When this happens _______.
People tend to view the world in socially biased ways
According to Cheng (1999), the function of emphasized femaninity is to ________________.
Please hegemoically masculine men and make them appear more hegemonically masculine
Which of the following does Young (1990) NOT name as an injustice associated with powerlessness?
Poor annual reviews
According to Young (1990), a social group is a collective of persons differentiated from at least one other group by ________?
Practices, Ways of life, Cultural forms
According to the lecture, ____________ exists when one group has something of value that is denied to others simply because of the group they belong to.
Privilege
One of the problems with seeing racism as a binary (Racist = Bad/Not racist = Good) is if a White person sees him/herself as a being not racist then they will believe which of the following?
Racism is not their problems so no action is required
According to Jones, Dovidio, and Vietz (2014), race as biologically determined was rejected over 40 years ago. However, they acknowledge that difference between groups do exist but argue those differences are _________.
Rooted in social and cultural adaptations to different environments and circumstances
The question, "What are they like?," best frame questions about what?
Stereotype
According to Young (1990) violence is ___________ because it is directed at members of a group simply because they are members of that group. The oppression of violence consists not only of direct victimization, but in the daily knowledge shared by all members of oppressed groups that they are liable to violation, solely on account of their group identity.
Systemic
According to the lecture, Oppression is the experience of repeated, widespread, _________________ injustice.
Systemic
One of the differences between temporary inequality and permanent inequality is ___________.
Temporary inequality is short term and permanent inequality can last a lifetime
According to the lecture, Beyonce's song "If I were a Boy" suggests which of the following?
That some behaviors belong to women and some behaviors belong to men
Intersectionality refers to ___________.
The condition in which a person belongs to two or more social categories
In the article, how women are treated in language, Hyde states, "sexism in language may be the symptom, not the disease." What she means is ____________.
The generic use of man may reflect our belief that male is the norm for the species
Which social class did Lott (2012) say were halfway between "dreams of plenty and nightmares of want"
The middle class
Which social class did Lott (2012) say use a smaller percentage of their incomes for buying things and donate a relatively small percentage of their incomes to charities?
The rich
According to Cheng (1999), the bi-polarization between hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femaninity is reproduced in _____________.
The sex-gender segregated division of labor
According to "How Women are Treated in Language," why is it important to pay attention to the use of language?
The specific language we learn influences how we think about things
According to the stereotype content model theory, persons who deviate from their group's traditional role arouse negative reactions. When people behave accoring to expectations that others have of their group _________.
The status quo is reinforced and they get positive reactions
Which of the following is an example of pejoration?
The term mistress going from meaning equal to master to meaning being the "other" woman when a husband cheats on his wife
According to the lecture, what does the inequality of opportunities refer to?
The unequal distribution of life chances
According to Durante and Fiske, Low SES students encounter many barriers when they enter college, especially if they are first-generation college students. They contribute this to which of the following?
The unfamiliar middle-class norms and the norms' misfit with experiences of working-class students
The dominant paradigm of racism as discreet, individual, intentional, ad malicious act contribute to which of the following?
The unlikeliness that Whites will see or understand racism
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate how women have been subjugated in the English language?
The use of gender neutral terms
To say there is a "Dominant Paradigm" of racism is to say _______.
There is a central belief about racism that is widely held and accepted within society
According to Russell (1999), what happens when class is reduced exclusively to a personal issue?
There is no possibility of addressing class as a political issue and, therefore, no consideration of issues of justice
According to the lecture, which is NOT a characteristic of people from a privileged group?
They are generally well aware of the oppression others face
In the article by Deaux (2001), the term Social Identity refers to ___________.
Those aspects of a person that are defined in terms of his or her group membership
According to Jones, Dovidio, and Vietz (2014) culture haps social reality by ____________.
Transmitting beliefs, knowledge, and standards between people over time
According to Miller, subordinated are described in terms of, and encouraged to develop, personal psychological characteristics that are pleasing to the dominant group. These characteristics form a certain familiar cluster: submissiveness, passivity, docility, dependency etc. If subordinates adopt these characteristics, then they are considered _____________.
Well-adjusted
