EDUC 150 Final Study Guide

What does PBL stand for?

"Problem-based learning (or inquirt-guided learning) is a common term for such assignments (create activities that arise from real-life problems as they are what interest and inspire students). Students investigate issues and questions for which there is no one right or predetermined answer using a procss of asking questions, assembling evidence, drawing conclusions, and evaluating the results."

What does SOLEs stand for?

"Self-organized learning enviornments (SOLEs) are informal, largely teacher-less settings where learning is built collaboratively and democratically around students' own interests, questions, and explorations.

Explain the relationship between games and failure, and relate that to learning.

"When you're playing a videogame, you're actually failing 80% of the time." "Failure can help us become better people. It can help us develop empathy, lose shame, raise our self-confidence and give us a growth mindset." Students learn that failure is a necessary part of the learning process.

What are the 3 reasons video is a popular teaching tool at all grade levels?

- Student interest - Abundance of resources - Unique learning experiences

List 3 advantages to using student response systems in the classroom.

1) Immediate feedback (you get the student's responses right away, and the students recieve immediate feedback about wheher or not they correctly understand the content being taught to them). 2) Students are more likely to participate because their responses are anonymous. 3) Active learning instead of passive learning. 4) Fosters discussions by having students discuss how they got to their answer and why they think their answer is correct. You can pair up students that got the correct answer with students who got the incorrect answer and have them discuss their reasoning/ help one another. 5) Prepare for high-stakes testing. 6) Revels misconceptions and preconceptions.

What are the 2 items needed in crowdsourcing?

1) Large sample size. 2) Sample size needs to be diverse.

What are 3 types/categories of assessment focused in class?

1. Diagnostic (pre-assessment) before learning. 2. Formative- occurs during instruction. You can grade formative assessment; generally low-stakes. The purpose of formative assessment is informing instruction (what do I need to do now?) for teachers AND students. 3. Summative- after learning; no time to review, go back and reteach. Compare the achievement with the learning objective.**

What should a lesson plan include?

1. Grade 2. Subject 3. Key goal 4. Essential question 5. Learning standards 6. Learning objectives 7. Technology uses 8. Evaluation 9. Lesson plan description 10. Analysis and extensions

Know the first three types of challenges for technology integration.

1. Teaching style and administraive support 2. Unwillingness to change favorite lesson plans 3. Reluctant to use technology in new lessons

What are 2 characteristics of low quality software?

1. The computer dictates the activity, 2. Competition, stereotyping, or violence is present, and 3. Quick reactions are favored over sustained thinking and problem solving

Know the following Multimedia Principles: Coherence, Redundancy, Spatial and Temporal Contiguity, Multimedia

12 Principles of Multimedia Learning(only repsonsible for 5) 1. Coherence-Get rid of distracting features that do not enhance learning experience 2. Redundancy- Graphics, narration & text is too much. Visual channel is being overloaded 3/4. Spatial/Temporal Contiguity- using words/pictures at the same time or near each other to show an example 5. Multi-media- Using words combines with images and/or audio

What are the three types of cognitive load, and does each add or reduce the amount of load?

3 Types of Cognitive Load • Intrinsic - inherent complexity of the material • Extraneous- non-relevant info, decorative pictures, distractions • Germane- the things that actually aid or help learning

What is a hybrid learning model for schooling?

A combination of "clicks and bricks" where students face to face interactions with teachers are paired with online coursework and testing

Know what the term 'sketchnotes' means

A form of note taking that includes sketches and doodles to make connections to help students remember concepts. It is a great form of visual learning and can be very helpful to all students to first understand and then remember information. Anyone can learn this technique with some effort!

What is multicultural education?

A term used to describe how teachers go about affirming the expansive diversity of student interests, needs, and talents present in every school classroom. It is based on the idea "that all students-regardless of their gender, social class, and ethnic, racial, or cultural characteristics-should have an equal opportunity to learn in school", and it includes "programs and practices related to educational equity, women, ethnic groups, language minorities, low-income groups, and people with disabilities.

Know what a Digital Teaching portolio is, why it might also be called a Multimedia Portoflio, and its purpose.

Also called a multimedia portfolio or e-portfolio, is a collection of educational and professional materials stored in a digital format. This can be a way to organize a teacher's resource, show tech literacy skills, share with administrators or other teachers in a PLN.

What is the difference between accomodations and modifications in education?

An educator can create accommodations that will help students with different educational needs have more than one way to access the regular education curriculum. Accommodation avoids modification, where students may receive less instruction or experiences than their peers.

What is differentiated instruction?

An instructional approach where instructional accommodations are made to meet learning needs of individual students

What is the definition of AT?

Any device, system, or process that helps a person live more independently or have access to something that they could not access without it. AT makes a person with a disability more independent, self-confident, and productive in everyday life.

Why are "essential questions" important?

Asking students an Essential Question before showing a video will help students create an opinion on what they are watching. These get the students thinking about deeper concepts instead of just factual information, and should involve critical thinking and analysis.

What does AT stand for?

Assistive Technology

List 3 necessary components of PBL.

Authentic/real-life problems, students must share the information found with people other than the teacher, collaboration is key, teacher is facilatator, must be some kind of reflection. Requirements for PBL: choice is student driven, action research/resources - inquiry model (uncover, discover),

What are three 21st century skills that serious games encourage?

Engaging/motivating, problem solving skills, perseverance and creativity, critical thinking, relate to games, leveled- can level up (win!), collaboration, different learners, challenges students, feedback

Know the difference between education, entertainment, and edutainment.

Games for education can be evaluated by plotting them on a graph that has the skills of Bloom's taxonomy on the Y axis and the learning goals of entertainment, edutainment, and education on the X axis. -Entertainment: no educational or problem solving purpose -Edutainment: has the engaging capabilities of entertainment and problem solving elements of education -Education: prioritize academic content and higher order thinking skills in gameplay

What is the difference between using educational games for learning and 'gamification'?

Gamification- adding game elements to a non-game situation; turning your classroom into a game; This could be difficult because of barriers (set up/preperation, stigma, standards).

Know the four types of portfolios we discussed, and the purpose for each.

Growth-random samples of work that show progress. Assessment-helps to decide what level classes students will be placed in, in the future. Celebration-all of a student's best work. Working Portfolio- a portfolio that is "in the works," containing works that are in progress as well as completed work.

What are some best practices for communicating with students over email?

If a teacher receives an angry or upset email from a parent, wait twenty-four hours to respond to avoid sending a rude response. It is important to proofread and edit emails before sending them or ask for a face-to-face meeting to better discuss the issue. Keep emails short to avoid revealing too much information. Teachers should have both a professional and personal email to avoid inappropriate communication and legal issues, as schools have a copy of all emails sent and received. Set parameters-days and times- for when you will be available to respond to emails.

What does validity in assessment mean?

Is this test really measuring what it should be measuring?

Why should teachers think about ways to empower students?

It is important to let students know that they have a voice within the classroom. By allowing them to express their own views and opinions, creativity, indivdual thought, and innovation. It is important to listen to what students have to say and to let them know that it is ok if they disagree with you.If they feel comfortable in the classroom they will be more likely to be engaged and involved in the classroom. Allow them to consult with their peers to collaborate and develop their own ideas.

What two factors need to be balanced in order to achieve a flow state, and at what level would students be working at in that state?

Level of challenge and level of ability (Moderate challenge is where students are working at just the right level for all students).

What does transmedia mean, and what do transmedia materials connect?

Making a link between paper and visual resources. Moving from one source of media to another. Ex: video, audio, or visual image to a paper source.

What does MOOC stand for?

Massive Open Online Courses

Why might a student choose to take a course that is a MOOC rather than in traditional face-to-face format?

Most are free or at a very low cost. You don't need to take a series of courses and you can take what interests you which is also a benefit of MOOCs. You can complete them on your own schedule and from anywhere.

What are the three states of disability in relation to time that a person might need an AT?

Progressive (oder age, CP, MS), temporary (injury), permanent (car accident with effects, born with it); AT can be helpful for all of this

What does QR stand for, and what kinds of resources can QR codes link to?

Quick Response. Can link to websites, can use an app or on snapchat - can be audio, video, photo, PDF, etc.

What is the difference between higher and lower order thinking according to Bloom's Taxonomy?

Reasoning, problem-solving, synthesis, analyzing, application, creativity, critical thinking, innovation, and evaluating. These can all be incorporated into PBL, which is better than activities that only allow lower order thinking skills like understanding and remembering.

What might be some reasons that standardized tests are harmful to students?

Some students do not perform well on these tests

What is standards-referenced testing?

Standards-based assessments- assessing the performance of students in terms of national, statewide, or local district standards. Performance assessments (alternative/authentic assessments; performance evaluations)- determine what someone actually does in a certain activity within the context of that activity. Classroom teachers often use performance assessments to evaluate student work, in part because planning what or how to teach can begin with a performance assessment first, before a lesson or unit is begun.

Name the benefits from portfolios from a student's perspective.

Students can revisit them(reflection), self-assessment, peer asessment, organization, evaluation, cater to their learning preferences. Teachers can use it for feedback and grading, looking at the student as a whole, provides evidence of progress (both before and while you have students in your classroom)and data to show strengths and weaknesses, can be a great way to communicate with parents and administrators. Drawbacks- For teachers, it can be a lot of work, takes time, requires management, analysis of data, subjective grading. For students, it could give the wrong impression, fail to represent their learning preferences.

What are the two channels through which students take in most of their new information?

Students take in almost all new information through the visual channel (eyes) and the audio channel (ears). It is very important not to overload one of the channels, or information cannot be processed (for example, text on a IWB slide surrounded by moving animations)

List 3 reasons why teachers do not want to try PBL.

Takes time, is costly, requires materials, tricky fitting with standardized testing, chaotic, and grading can be subjective

What does it mean to be a mandated reporter?

Teachers are mandated reporters. It is important to take the online mandated reporter training. Being a mandated reporter involves reporting any kind of danger, whether it is physical or emotional danger. This responsibility exists both inside and outside the classroom.

What does the 'brick wall' represent, and how can technology help break it down?

Teachers can use carefully chosen technology tools to give more access to the curriculum: a student with dyslexia can listen to audio recordings, a student who prefers to learn visually can look at images and video, a person who is socially very shy can write a blog and get feedback comments instead of speaking in class, etc...

What does reliability in assessment mean?

The stability of a test score; if a student takes the test multiple times, will the results be consistent?

What do you need to tell your students to be careful about with QR codes?

The user does not know what will happen before scanning. It could bring a student to a resource that it not appropriate. It could potentially lead to a virus being downloaded. Always have students ask an adult before scanning. Make sure the source (who created the QR code) is known and trusted.

How can teachers use blogs as communication tools?

These have become important to both teachers and the classroom rather than to just administrators. Blogs offer "a current updated site with resources on the home page..." These blogs focus on student growth, as well as connecting families with important information such as test dates. There are four areas in which blogs are useful: 1) student learning: allow the expression of different points of view and to promote learning in various subjects. 2) student-family communication: lets families respond and share ideas with teachers and administrators. 3) professional networking: share ideas and communcate professionally with other teachers. 4) instructional opportunities: "new ways for students to communicate ideas and information during class and outside of school." These blogs can be costly or cheap. The blogs free of charge are known as "open-source," having no added features or password protection. The blogs with these features that cost more are known as "commercially available."

What might be some reasons that standardized tests are useful?

To get students to perform equally (district-,state-,nation-wide) -gives educators a picture of how well the school is doing (data), shows public a snapshot of performance

What are the three primary components of Universal Design for Learning?

UDL has three parts 1. Representation - students learn in different ways so... teachers should present information in different way 2. Engagement - Students are interested in different things so... allow students to bring their interests in - choice, find out what they like!; bring in authentic things that hold value and may possess meaning 3. Expression - Students show their understanding in different ways so.. Teachers should assess them in different ways

What does UGC stand for, and why might it be useful for learning?

UGC (User Generated Content) is helpful in the classroom becuase you can use Web 2.0 to get the students interested in the content they are learning and become active learners. They can post information online and get a wider audience than just the classroom. It allows them to be creative. They can receive feedback from others. In some cases they can participate in authentic experiences online.

What does UDL stand for, and what is it?

Universal Design is a set of principles that teachers can follow when designing their lessons that will help make the learning more accessibel to the greatest number of students.

Know how doodling to create sketchnotes might actually help with learning.

Visual representation helps students process information easier than just reading a paragraph

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and who came up with this concept?

Vygotsky : Moderate challenge- The difference between what a learner can do with help and cannot do independently.

What are the two kinds of memory, and how do they work in terms of learning?

We have two types of memory 1. Working memory 2. Long-term memory Try to get ideas in working memory to long term memeory so material doesn't fade away--> That's where ""schema"" comes in. You can add to your existing schema and that helps with memory. Schema is like a wedding cake-- build upon the layers. "

What is the difference between web 1.0 and web 2.0?

Web 1.0- the "read only" web. Most users just went on the Iternet for researching purposes. Only people with coding skills could add content. Web 2.0- the "read-write" web. Users can add information to web sites. That means they can use the Internet to collaborate, post user generated content (UGC), and to interact with others.

What are the best practices for using videos as part of teaching?

When showing a video in class, you should be sure to...... use an interesting video, allow for multiple views of the video, discuss what the video was about afterwards, pause the video for any questions, make sure the students understand the video, and connect the content of the video back to what is being learned in class.

What are some reasons why teachers may not want to use social media in the classroom?

When teachers are friends with their students on social media, they cross the border called "social distance," often leading students to believe that they are friends with their teachers. It is legal to be on social media with students when they have graduated and are eighteen or older. Most schools have a policy in regards to what can occur between between students and teachers on social media. Students could post inappropriate content. Students could accuse teachers of creating an inappropriate relationship. Teachers may feel that they are always on duty.

What is storyboarding?

When you arrange a sequence of words and pictures in a digital presentation/video.

Recognize technologies that can be assistive for students with audio and visual deficits.

braille reader/typer, text to speech software, adjusting font size/color, microphones for teacher, subtitles on videos, speech to text for telephone

What is the backchannel in a classroom, and why might it be helpful to use a backchanneling tool?

everything that's going on in the classroom that's not the main focus; what goes on in the background that is then brought into the conversation. Backchanneling is useful to help students take notes and react to a video. This enourages students to share their thoughts with the rest of the class - bring these thoughts into the conversation.

What is cognitive load, and why do we want to reduce it for students when learning?

how much work the brain has to do when encountering new information. The higher the cognitive load, the less likely information can pass from the working memory to the long-term memory. More cognitive load means the brain has to use more of its resources to understand and assimilate the new information.

What is Augmented Reality?

the ability to inset and overlay digital and virtual information into the real world.

What is "digital storytelling"?

ways that written text, audio, and video imagery can be combined to make unique presentations connecting to the history/social studies and English/language arts curricula