Effects of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
neurotransmitter of the somatic nervous system
ACh
neurotransmitters of the ANS
acetylcholine and norepinephrine
postganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division
always cholinergic
preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic division
always cholinergic
preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division
always cholingeric
effect on target organs of the somatic nervous system
always excitatory
respiratory system bronchi and bronchioles parasympathetic effect
bronchoconstriction
respiratory system bronchi and bronchioles sympathetic effect
bronchodilation
effectors of the autonomic nervous system
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
urinary system bladder wall parasympathetic effect
contraction
eye (ciliary muscles and lens) parasympathetic effect
contraction for near vision
urinary system internal urinary sphincter sympathetic effect
contraction, urine retention
circulatory system heart rate and force parasympathetic effect
decreased
digestive system gastrointestinal motility sympathetic effect
decreased
digestive system gastrointestinal secretion sympathetic effect
decreased
digestive system pancreatic enzyme secretion sympathetic effect
decreased
digestive system pancreatic insulin secretion sympathetic effect
decreased and increased
Adipose tissue sympathetic affect
decreased and increased fat breakdown
respiratory system mucous glands sympathetic effect
decreased secretion and increased secretion
effect on target organs of the ANS
excitatory or inhibitory
digestive system liver sympathetic effect
glycogen breakdown
digestive system liver parasympathetic effect
glycogen synthesis
integumentary system (arrector pili muscles) sympathetic effect
hair erection
endocrine system adrenal medulla sympathetic effect
hormone secretion (nicotinic)
circulatory system heart rate and force sympathetic effect
increased
digestive system gastrointestinal motility parasympathetic effect
increased
digestive system gastrointestinal secretion parasympathetic effect
increased
digestive system pancreatic enzyme secretion parasympathetic effect
increased
circulatory system platelets (blood clotting) sympathetic effect
increased clotting
control of autonomic nervous system
involuntary
postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division
mostly adrenergic, a few cholinergic
distal nerve endings of somatic nervous system
neuromuscular junctions
adipose tissue parasympathetic effect
no effect
circulatory system platelets (blood clotting) parasympathetic effect
no effect
digestive system pancreatic insulin secretion parasympathetic effect
no effect
endocrine system adrenal medulla parasympathetic effect
no effect
integumentary system (apocrine sweat glands- scent) parasympathetic effect
no effect
integumentary system (arrector pili muscles) parasympathetic effect
no effect
integumentary system (merocrine sweat glands-cooling) parasympathetic effect
no effect
reproductive system glandular secretion sympathetic effect
no effect
reproductive system orgasm, smooth muscles roles parasympathetic effect
no effect
reproductive system penile or clitoral erection sympathetic effect
no effect
reproductive system uterus parasympathetic effect
no effect
respiratory system mucous glands parasympathetic effect
no effect
urinary system bladder wall sympathetic effect
no effect
urinary system kidneys parasympathetic effect
no effect
eye (lacrimal tear gland) sympathetic effect
none
efferent pathways of somatic nervous system
one nerve fiber from CNS to effector; no ganglia
eye (iris) parasympathetic effect
pupillary constriction
eye (iris) sympathetic effect
pupillary dilation
urinary system kidneys sympathetic effect
reduced urine output
reproductive system uterus sympathetic effect
relaxation and labor contractions
eye (ciliary muscles and lens) sympathetic effect
relaxation for far vision
urinary system internal urinary sphincter parasympathetic effect
relaxation, urine release
eye (lacrimal tear gland) parasympathetic effect
secretion
integumentary system (apocrine sweat glands- scent) sympathetic effect
secretion
integumentary system (merocrine sweat glands-cooling) sympathetic effect
secretion
effectors of the somatic nervous system
skeletal muscles
circulatory system deep coronary arteries parasympathetic effect
slight vasodilation
reproductive system glandular secretion parasympathetic effect
stimulation
reproductive system orgasm, smooth muscles roles sympathetic effect
stimulation
reproductive system penile or clitoral erection parasympathetic effect
stimulation
digestive system salivary glands sympathetic effect
thick mucous secretion
digestive system salivary glands parasympathetic effect
thin serous secretion
efferent pathways of the ANS
two nerve fibers from CNS to effector; synapse at a ganglion
Distal nerve endings of ANS
varicosities
circulatory system blood vessels of most viscera sympathetic effect
vasoconstriction
circulatory system blood vessels of the skin sympathetic effect
vasoconstriction
circulatory system blood vessels of most viscera parasympathetic effect
vasodilation
circulatory system deep coronary arteries sympathetic effect
vasodilation and vasoconstriction
circulatory system blood vessels of the skin parasympathetic effect
vasodilation, blushing
control of somatic nervous system
voluntary
