EHS 385 CHAPTER 2
A change in the structure and function of a cell or organ system that results in the improved ability to maintain homeostasis is called:
a. Accommodation b. Initiation c. Adaptation (CORRECT) d. Decompensation Response Feedback: Regular bouts of exercise will result in adaptation. Exposure to heat will result in environmental adaptation called acclimatization or acclimation.
If a signal is produced by a cell, exits the cell and binds to a receptor on the cell that produced the signal, what kind of signal would that be?
a. Autocrine (CORRECT) b. Intracrine c. Juxtacrine d. Paracrine Response Feedback: Autocrine signaling is when a cell produces and releases a chemical signal into the extracellular fluid that acts upon the cell that produced the signal.
Which part of the control system brings about the appropriate response to correct the disturbance?
a. Effector (CORRECT) b. Control center c. Stimulus d. Sensor Response Feedback: The effector is responsible for creating the desired effect or for correcting the disturbance.
Examples of stresses that will cause the production of stress proteins include the following except:
a. Enzymatic activity (CORRECT) b. Low pH c. Heat d. Free radicals Response Feedback: Exercise will induce stresses such as heat, low pH, and free radicals which all stimulate the production of stress proteins. Stress proteins repair damaged proteins and restore homeostasis.
Is the following statement true or false: Stress proteins cause damage to cells.
a. False (CORRECT) b. True Response Feedback: Stress proteins are protective proteins that are manufactured in response to cellular stress.
Exercise disrupts homeostasis by posing a challenge to many systems. Check all that are true during exercise.
a. Heat production increases. (CORRECT) b. Carbon dioxide production increases. (CORRECT) c. Oxygen requirement increases. (CORRECT) d. Pulmonary ventilation increases. (CORRECT) Response Feedback: See the text section "Exercise: A Test of Homeostatic Control"
If a chemical signal is produced inside a cell and it leaves the cell, travels through the bloodstream and binds to a receptor on a remote target cell, what kind of signaling would that be?
a. Intracrine b. Endocrine (CORRECT) c. Juxtacrine d. Autocrine Response Feedback: Endocrine signaling is when a cell releases a messenger that travels through the bloodstream to target cells.
If a signal from one cell travels to another cell through small junctions that connect two cell membranes, what kind of signaling would that be?
a. Intracrine b. Juxtacrine (CORRECT) c. Autocrine d. Paracrine Response Feedback: Juxtacrine signaling occurs when the cytoplasm of one cell is in contact with the cytoplasm of another cell through small junctions.
If a signal is produced by a cell that then acts on nearby cells, what kind of signal would that be?
a. Juxtacrine b. Paracrine (CORRECT) c. Endocrine d. Autocrine Response Feedback: A signal produces by a cell that has an effect on nearby cells is a paracrine effect.
If a signal that is produced inside a cell and that signal produces a response within the same cell (without ever leaving the cell), what kind of signal would that be?
a. Paracrine b. Juxtacrine c. Intracrine (CORRECT) d. Autocrine Response Feedback: Intracrine signaling is a signal where the signal is both produced and received within the same cell and never exits the cell.
The feedback system where the response of the control system is opposite to that of the stimulus is called:
a. Positive feedback b. Negative feedback (CORRECT) Response Feedback: Negative feedback is where the response is in the opposite direction of the stimulus and positive feedback is where the response is where the response is in the same direction as the stimulus.
Most of the control systems in the body operate through which kind of feedback system?
a. Positive feedback b. Negative feedback (CORRECT) Response Feedback: The majority of feedback systems in the body are negative feedback systems.
The maintenance of a constant and normal internal environment during resting conditions is called:
a. Steady state b. Plateau c. Homeostasis (CORRECT) d. Oscillation Response Feedback: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant and normal internal environment during resting conditions while steady state is a constant internal environment under other conditions including during exercise.
Which part of the control system detects a change in a variable that is being monitored (such as temperature)?
a. Stimulus b. Effector c. Control center d. Sensor (CORRECT) Response Feedback: The sensor is typically a receptor that is capable of detecting a change ina variable that is being monitored.
What do stress proteins do to cells?
a. They damage the cell membrane. b. They repair damaged proteins and restore homeostasis. (CORRECT) c. They cause cells to produce free radicals. d. They damage cellular proteins. Response Feedback: Stress proteins are protective proteins produced in response to cellular stress and function to repair damage and restore homeostasis.
