EHS Ch 5

Vector

An insect or any living carrier that transports an infectious agent from an infected individual or its wastes to a susceptible individual or its food or immediate surroundings.

14. The causative agent for malaria is a type of A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Rickettsial agent D. Protozoa E. Prion

D. Protozoa

8. Leishmaniasis is endemic to A. The mid-west U.S. B. Perth, Australia C. The Rocky Mountains D. The Middle East E. None of the above

D. The Middle East

10. Methods for transmission of zoonotic pathogens include A. Contact with the skin B. Bite or scratch of an animal C. Direct inhalation D. Ingestion of contaminated foods E. All of the above

E. All of the above

2. Arborviral diseases A. Refer to arthropod-borne viral diseases B. Can produce central nervous system illness C. Are most often spread by mosquitoes D. May produce acute self-limited fevers E. All of the above

E. All of the above

3. Examples of disease vectors are A. Rats and mice B. Mosquitoes C. Ticks D. Sand flies E. All of the above

E. All of the above

4. Factors contributing to increases in the occurrence of emerging zoonoses include: A. Changes in agriculture B. Environmental changes C. Mass food processing technology D. Urbanization E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Arboviral diseases

A group of viral diseases that are acquired most frequently when blood-feeding arthropod vectors-including ticks, sand flies, biting midges, and mosquitoes-infect a human host.

Vector-borne infection

A type of infection transmitted by a vector; the several classes of this are determined by the interaction among the infectious agent, the human host, and the vector.

17. The most deadly form of malaria is caused by A. P. falciparum B. P. vivax C. P. ovale D. P. malariae E. None of the above

A. P. falciparum

16. The infectious agent for plague is a A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Rickettsial agent D. Parasite E. Prion

A. Bacterium

7. In what sense is influenza a zoonotic disease? A. It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine. B. It is transmitted by "stealth" arthropods. C. It is transmitted frequently by contact with wool. D. The main reservoir is wild carnivores. E. None of the above.

A. It has animal reservoirs, especially birds and swine.

Zoonosis

An infection or infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animals to humans.

The vector for dengue fever is A. Phlebotomus flies B. Aedes Aegypti mosquito C. Anopheles mosquito D. Ixodes scapularis E. Peromyscus maniculatus

B. Aedes Aegypti mosquito

11. One of the differences between Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is that A. Lyme disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and RSMF by ticks. B. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent. C. Lyme disease is caused by a rickettsial agent and RSMF by a bacterium. D. Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks and RSMF by fleas. E. None of the above.

B. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium and RSMF by a rickettsial agent.

5. Identify the correct fact about rabies: A. Human cases of rabies occur frequently in the United States. B. Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully. C. Outside the United States, the most common vector is Gambian rats. D. The disease has a low to medium fatality rate. E. All of the above.

B. Post-exposure prophylaxis has prevented human rabies successfully.

23. Which of the following is not classified as an arboviral disease? A. St. Louis encephalitis B. Rabies C. Tick-borne viral encephalitis D. West Nile virus E. Japanese encephalitis

B. Rabies

18. The term "abortive" hydrophobia refers to a case that A. Required an abortion in order to survive B. Recovered without receiving intensive care C. Was caused by Francisella tularensis D. Also experienced co-morbidity with monkeypox E. None of the above

B. Recovered without receiving intensive care

21. The vector for the hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States is A. Wild birds B. Rodents C. Snakes D. Coyotes E. None of the above

B. Rodents

22. Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease? A. Trichinellosis B. The "black death" C. Q-fever D. Measles E. None of the above

B. The "black death"

12. Resurgence of malaria has been attributed to A. Discontinuance of DDT spraying B. Mosquitoes' development of resistance C. A and B D. Evidence of increased person-to-person transmission E. A, B, D

C. A and B

25. Which of the following statements about zoonotic diseases is most likely to be true? A. Immunocompromised persons may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases. B. Children younger than 5 may be at reduced risk for morbidity from zoonotic diseases. C. An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms. D. A zoonotic disease is always associated with transmission by a vector. E. None of the above

C. An animal infected with a zoonotic agent may be free from symptoms.

6. In the western United States, the natural reservoir for plague A. House cats B. Dogs C. Ground squirrels D. Migratory birds E. All of the above

C. Ground squirrels

19. The term "hydrophobia" is also known as A. Rift Valley fever B. Tularemia C. Rabies D. Psittacosis E. None of the above

C. Rabies

13. The causative agent for leishmaniasis is a type of A. Bacterium B. Virus C. Rickettsial agent D. Protozoa E. Prion

C. Rickettsial agent

24. Which of the following statements about anthrax is untrue? A. The agent has potential for use as a terrorist weapon. B. The agent is a spore-forming bacterium. C. The inhalational form is untreatable. D. The general population is unlikely to become infected. E. None of the above.

C. The inhalational form is untreatable.

15. The definition of emerging zoonoses covers A. Only new and unknown agents B. Both new and previously known agents C. Appearance of agents in regions not usually affected D. B and C E. None of the above

D. B and C

9. Methods for the control of mosquito-borne diseases include A. Monitoring the presence of viruses in sentinel chickens and birds B. Removing standing water around the home C. Use of mosquito-eating fish D. Wearing long clothing E. All of the above

E. All of the above

1. An example of a zoonotic disease is A. Whooping cough B. Hand, foot, and mouth disease C. Schistosomiasis D. Measles E. Anthrax

E. Anthrax

Emerging zoonoses

Zoonotic diseases that are caused by either apparently new agents or by known agents that occur in locales or species that previously did not appear to be affected by these known agents.