EIWS Book 1 Section 101

describe the effects and treatment of hypothermia

(def) - a general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice (effects) mild to severe shivering, mental confusion, slow/labored movements, lips/ears/fingers/toes become blue, difficulty speaking, amnesia, skin becomes blue and puffy, organ failure and death (treatment) should be immediate; wear clothing designed to maintain body heat; limit amount of time exposed to extreme cold conditions; minimize heat loss from the head, neck, sides, and groin; if in water, wear a hat and assume a fetal position or huddle in close

describe what an SDS is and the information it provides

(def) Safety data sheets, technical bulletins that contain information about hazardous material to include the following: identity, hazardous ingredients, physical and chemical characteristics, reactivity, health hazards, precautions for safe handling and use, control measures, routes of entry into body, emergency and first aid procedures for exposure, date of preparation of the SDS or last change, name, address and phone number for additional information on the HAZMAT and appropriate emergency procedures

describe the effects and treatment of heat stress

(def) a combo of air temperature, thermal radiation, humidity, airflow, and workload that places stress on the body (effects) - increased body temperature causing fatigue, severe headache, nausea, reduced physical and mental performance (treatment) should be immediate and includes following recommended work practices and procedures to prevent it

describe the symptoms and treatment for shock

(def) disruption of the circulatory system, individuals usually faint due to poor supply of oxygen to the brain (symptoms) vacant or lackluster eyes, shallow or irregular breathing, cold pale skin, nausea, a weak or absent pulse (treatment) lay the victim down with the feet elevated 6-12 inches, cover them to maintain body heat, reassure and calm the victim, if conscious

describe the effects and treatment of heat stroke

(def) more serious than heat exhaustion, where the body temperature reaches 105 degrees or more and can no longer eliminate excessive body heat (effects) dry hot skin and body temperature, pupils will be constricted (pinpoint), victim has a fast and strong pulse (treatment) reduce body heat immediately by dousing with cold water or applying wet cold towels to the entire body, move to the coolest place possible and remove as much clothing as possible. maintain an open airway, place the victim on their back, with their head and shoulders slightly raised, a cold water bath is also effective

describe the effects and treatment of heat exhaustion

(def) produces a serious disruption of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs usually due to prolonged working or exercising in hot spaces (effects) victims appear ashen gray with cold, moist, clammy skin, pupils may be dilated, weak pulse and rapid, shallow breathing (treatment) loosen clothing and apply cool, wet cloth. move the victim to a cool or air-conditioned area and fan the victim, but do not allow the person to become chilled, provide a solution of one tablespoon of salt in a quart of water but do not continue to give fluids if the victim vomits

Name the four required mishap reportable items

1) class A, B, and C government property damage mishaps 2) Class A, B, and C on duty DoD Civilian mishaps and military on/off duty mishaps 3) any other work-related illness or injury that involves medical treatment beyond first aid, loss of consciousness and/or days away from work 4) other incidents of interest to the navy and marine corps for mishap prevention (Class A: >$2M, DoD aircraft is destroyed, fatality or permanent disability; Class B: $500K-$2M, permanent/partial disability, hospitalization of 3+ personnel; Class C: $50K-$500k, 1+ personnel miss one or more days of work)

list the five RAC's

1) critical risk 2) serious risk 3) moderate risk 4) minor risk 5) negligible risk

state the 3 methods of controlling bleeding

1) direct pressure 2) indirect pressure 3) constricting band

Name the steps of ORM

1) identifying hazards 2) assessing hazards 3) making risk decisions 4) implementing controls 5) supervising

identify the 11 pressure points

1) wound of temple or scalp 2) wound of neck 3) wound of lower part of upper arm and elbow 4) wound of hand 5) wound of thigh 6) wound of foot 7) wound of lower leg 8) wound of thigh 9) wound of lower arm 10) wound of shoulder or upper part of upper arm 11) wound of lower face (below eyes)

describe the effects and treatment of frostbite

2 types: superficial and deep; (effects) include affected body parts turning stiff, pale, and numb (treatment) includes keeping exposed body parts as warm as possible and maintaining circulation, place affected body parts against the warm part of your body and/or inside clothing. DO NOT RUB

state the instruction that governs safety and mishap reporting

OPNAVINST 5102.1D Navy and Marine corps mishap and safety investigation reporting and record keeping manual download

sub-category B

Probably will occur in time; expected to occur several times to an individual item or person or frequently to a fleet, inventory, or group

Discuss the concept of ORM

a decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase operational effectiveness by identifying, assessing, and managing risks. By producing the potential for loss, the probability of a successful mission is increased; increases our ability to make informed decisions by providing a formal operational risk management process; minimizes risks to acceptable levels, commensurate with mission accomplishment; the amount of risk we will accept in war is much greater than what we should accept in peace, but the process is the same; correct application of this process will reduce mishaps and associated costs resulting in more efficient use of resources

define HAZMAT

a hazardous material; any item or agent (biological, chemical, physical) which has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, even by itself or through interaction with other factors

describe the procedures for treatment as applied to electrical shock

administer artificial ventilation immediately after freeing the person from the electrical current if the shock caused breathing to stop; check for a pulse and if you do not feel one, administer CPR; get the victim to a medical treatment facility as soon as possible

Define RAC

an expression of risk that combines the elements of hazard severity and mishap probability; expressed as a single Arabic number that can be used to help determine hazard abatement priorities

direct pressure

apply pressure directly to wound

indirect pressure

apply pressure to pressure point nearest the wound and between the wound and main part of body or heart

constricting band

apply pressure via a tight constricting band (tourniquet); this is a last resort

identifying hazards

begin with an outline or chart of the major steps in the operation; next, conduct a preliminary hazard analysis by listing all of the hazards associated with each step in the operational analysis along with possible causes for those hazards

supervise

conduct follow-up evaluations of the controls to ensure they remain in place and have the desired effect; monitor for changes, which may require further ORM, take corrective action when necessary

describe potential risks of improperly labeled and stored HAZMAT

could result in using wrong chemical for the job, fire, explosion, gas; improper first aid and medical treatment

risk assessment matrix category lll

degraded mission capability or unit readiness; minor damage to equipment, systems, property, or the environment; minor injury or illness

describe the procedures for personnel rescue as applied to electrical shock

don't touch the victim's body, the wire, or any other object that may be conducting electricity; if there is a switch, turn off the electrical current immediately, don't waste too much time looking for the switch though - every second is important; remove the wire or conducting object from the victim's body with a non-conducting object such as a broom handle, branch, non-metallic pole, oar, board, dry rope, clothing, etc. or carefully sever the connection with a wooden handled axe or similar tool

hearing protection

earplugs

face protection

face shields

describe the methods for clearing an obstructed airway

first clear the mouth of any food particles, foreign objects, or loose dentures. (standing abdominal thrust, reclining abdominal thrust, standing chest thrust, reclining chest thrust)

make risk decisions

first, develop risk control options; start with the most serious risk first and select controls that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission accomplishment; with selected controls in place, decide if the benefit of the operation outweighs the risk; if risk outweighs benefit or if assistance Is required, communicate with higher authority in the chain of command

assessing hazards

for each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability and severity; although not required, the use of a matrix may be helpful

hand protection

gloves

eye protection

goggles

define HERO

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance

define HERP

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to personnel

HERF

hazards of electromagnetic radiation to volatile substances (Fuel)

deep frostbite

ice crystals forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower, treatment is to get the victim indoors, warming the area by placing them in warm water or with hot water bottles. other methods include placing them under the armpits, against the abdomen, or between the legs of a buddy, never rub the frostbite area, seek medical attention immediately

superficial frostbite

ice crystals forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower

state the purpose of a HAZREP message

intended to be submitted when the elimination and control of a given hazard has community-wide implication in reducing mishaps, providing information on problems with widespread relevance will help reduce mishaps

discuss how to store HAZMAT

keep different types of HAZMAT separate from each other, keep containers closed tightly, flammables belong in the locker, preventative maintenance system (PMS) on your personal protective equipment (PPE), PMS on fire suppression, PMS on ventilation

sub-category A

likely to occur immediately or within a short period of time, expected to occur frequently to an individual item or person or continuously to a fleet, inventory or group

risk assessment matrix category lV

little or no adverse impact on mission capability or unit readiness; minimal threat to personnel, safety, or health; slight equipment or systems damage, but fully functional and serviceable; little or no property or environmental damage

skin/body protection

long sleeves, inflammable uniforms

Risk assessment matrix category l

loss of the ability to accomplish the mission; death or permanent total disability; loss of a mission-critical system or equipment; major facility damage; severe environmental damage; mission-critical security failure; unacceptable collateral damage

sub-category C

may occur in time; can reasonably be expected to occur some time to an individual item or person or several times to a fleet, inventory, or group

first degree burn

mildest type of burn that causes slight pain, redness, tenderness, raised temperatures

second degree burns

more serious type of burn; inner skin may be damaged which may result in blistering, severe pain, dehydration, and possible shock

what is the treatment for burns

most important aspect is extent of burned area, a first degree burn covering large area could be worse than a third degree burn over small area, burn victims require lots of water which should be slightly salted, never apply ointments. If burn covers less than 20% of body: immense in cold water or apply cold compresses. gently pat dry. If burn covers more than 20% of body, apply sterile dry bandages, aspirin is effective for relief of pain

discuss the timeliness and means for filing mishap investigations reports

notification of all on duty military and civilian fatalities and all off-duty fatalities must go out within eight hours of the incident; when a safety investigation board (SIB) is questionable mishap to be reported within 24 hours; safety investigation reports on all reportable mishaps must be submitted within 30 days; notification may be via phone or electronically through the Web enabled safety systems (WESS) or naval message

state the difference between an open and closed fracture

open - bone protrudes from skin, closed - skin remains intact

describe the importance of integrity and ethical decision making

operational risk assessment has shown that fleet costs in terms of man hours, personal hearing protector purchases, and noise abatement operations are readily offset by the preservation of effective communication, maintained quality of life, and reduction in disability expense which accompany an effective HCP process. As such, it is incumbent upon leadership to set the right example in their personal protective practices, to enforce compliance, and to ensure HCP receives their full support

HERO, HERP, HERF

programs which govern the precautions and procedures for personnel safety and safe handling, transportation, and storing of electrically initiated ordnance and fuel; specifically how personnel or other items (ordinance and fuel) react when exposed to certain radio frequency (RF) environments

state the 3 objectives of first aid

save life, prevent further injury, and limit infection

respirators

should be assigned to you for your exclusive use

risk assessment matrix category ll

significantly degraded mission capability or unit readiness; permanent partial disability or severe injury or illness; extensive damage to equipment or systems; significant damage to property or the environment; security failure; significant collateral damage

foot protection

steel toed boots

implement controls

the following measures can be used to eliminate hazards or reduce the degree of risk; engineering controls, administrative controls, personal protective equipment

define mishap probability and list the subcategories of mishap probability

the probability that a hazard will result in a mishap or loss, based on an assessment of such factors as location exposure (cycle of hours of operation), affected populations, experience or previously established statistical information; probability is assigned a subcategory letter (A,B,C,D)

third degree burns

the worst burn in which skin is destroyed, skin may be charred, after initial injury pain may be less severe due to destroyed nerve endings, some shock

Describe the components of the risk assessment matrix

this is a severity assessment of the potential consequence that can occur as a result of a hazard and is defined by the degree of injury, illness, property damage, loss of assets (time, money, personnel), or effect on the mission or task; assigned as category l-lV

state the goal of the U.S. Navy's hearing conservation program

to prevent occupational hearing loss and assure auditory fitness for duty for all navy personnel

sub-category D

unlikely to occur