ELA EC - 391

When creating lesson plans for a reading unit centered on a specific learning goal , the teacher should ensure that :

each lesson contains instructional strategies that build on one another and meet the learning needs of each student .

Which of the following is a qualitative feature of text complexity ?

levels of meaning

What is the primary goal of summative assessments ?

measuring student achievement

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of having a student retell a story they read ?

measuring the student's level of comprehension

In the publishing step of the writing process , it is important that students ' writing is :

neatly written or printed from a word processor and that it is clearly understood .

Once the class has chosen an initial research topic , they are asked to refine the topic to make their research more . narrowly focused . If a student has chosen the topic of whales , which of the following does not narrow the focus ?

ocean mammals

The smallest individual sounds in a word are called :

phonemes

Which of the following syllables types is the last syllable in " star " ?

the r - controlled syllable

Pragmatics is :

the study of language in its use .

Which strategy would best help students to self - monitor and reflect upon a text during reading ?

think - aloud

A teacher provides her students with a list of word pairs where one word is spelled correctly and the other option is spelled phonetically . For example , " tough " and " touff . " Students are asked to select which word is correct . In order for students to successfully choose the correct spelling , they would most likely need to be in which stage of spelling development ?

transitional

While evaluating a student's reading performance , Mr. Daniels identifies two problem areas . • The student struggles to correctly read unfamiliar three - syllable words . • The miscues from these words are causing comprehension issues after the fact . In order to help the student improve his comprehension , which activities should Mr. Daniels provide ?

using context clues to decode for meaning

Strategies that can be used to best build growth in word analysis and identification include all of the following except :

" popcorn " reading in which one student starts reading a passage in front of the class and another says " popcorn " and continues the reading .

Mr. Rick's classroom just received a new student from China . She speaks some English but her main language is . Chinese . Her parents speak both Chinese and English in the home . Which accommodation would help her build her English oral language skills and ease the transition into an English - only classroom ?

Bring material into the classroom that relates to her Chinese heritage .

Which of the following activities will best help students identify various features of texts ?

Create a scavenger hunt for students to find various features using different kinds of texts .

Which of the following are the best ways for a teacher to help students develop independent reading skills ? Select all answers that apply .

Facilitate peer conversations about their reading . Provide in - class time for students to choose independent reading books and some time for quiet reading .

The words trying , writing , happening , heating demonstrate which of the following principles ?

Depending on the ending letter of the root word , the addition of a suffix may impact the spelling of the root .

A first - grade teacher wants to help her students develop word - recognition skills as well as increase their ability to create simple sentences . Which activity would help achieve this goal ?

Have students create and read sentences using a set of sight - word flash cards .

A teacher's goal in a vocabulary lesson is to have the students learn some particularly challenging words that will be key to their understanding of a challenging whole class reading assignment . Which of the following activities best addresses the goal ?

Provide a graphic organizer , such as a concept map , and ask students to complete one for each word .

In what ways do small - group conversational activities help improve oral language development ? Select all answers that apply .

Students can respond to each other and learn to formulate arguments and express different views . Students are able to respond to each other in a low - stakes setting , which contributes to higher student involvement .

A third - grade ELL student who normally performs well on assessments unexpectedly struggled with a recent reading assessment of a passage titled " Fourth of July Memories . " Which of the following is most likely to have caused this unexpected challenge ?

The student may lack the schema that supports other students ' understanding of the text .

A fifth - grade teacher is currently using literature circles in her class . Each group is reading a different book and the groups have been homogeneously formed based on reading levels . She has asked them to select five vocabulary words from their text to serve as their vocabulary words for the week . What benefits does this form of selection offer Select all answers that apply .

The words are likely to be differentiated for specific student needs . Selecting the words from the text provides context .

Which of the following is the greatest educational benefit of using collaborative learning groups and active learning activities in the classroom ?

These methods address a variety of learning styles and allow students to take ownership of their learning .

Why is it important to expose students to new vocabulary words in multiple contexts ?

Using varied contexts with instruction will best support student memory of new words .

A teacher is administering a reading assessment to determine what level of books students should be reading independently . Which of the following types of assessments would be best for this purpose ?

a criterion - referenced test

Various forms of informational media include :

documentaries , newspaper articles , and magazines .

The following sentence is missing several words . It can be ( 1 ) to find a moment to ( 2 ) your thoughts into the ( 3 ) when there are many people participating in a ( 4 ) A word with the prefix inter- would best fit in which of the following blanks ?

( 2 )

Ms. Smith is trying to help her student's distinguish between fact and opinion . She assigns an article and asks them to underline facts and circle opinions . What instruction could she give to help her students distinguish between the two ?

A fact is something that could be proven true or false , even if the supporting evidence isn't included in the text .

Which of the following statements describes the main differences between a literary and a non - literary text ?

A literary text relies on figurative language and imagery to tell a story , while a non - literary text uses facts and details to inform the reader on a particular topic .

The following sets of words could be used to demonstrate which of the following principles ? -ful -ment bountiful merriment grateful judgment pitiful enlightenment careful embodiment boastful management

A root word that ends in y is usually changed to i when a suffix is added onto the end

Which of the following scenarios describes incidental vocabulary learning ?

A student visits his grandparents and listens as his grandfather reads interesting articles from the newspaper aloud .

How does a student's level of oral vocabulary impact their decoding and reading abilities ?

A student with a large vocabulary s more likely to recognize whether or not they have decoded a word correctly .

Which of the following best describes the impact of decoding skills on reading comprehension ?

A student's ability to accurately and quickly decode words improves fluency and student comprehension .

What is the difference between academic vocabulary words and high - frequency vocabulary words ?

Academic vocabulary words are specific to particular content areas or necessary for comprehension - related tasks . High - frequency vocabulary words are selected based on how often students will encounter them in texts .

While reading an unfamiliar passage for a diagnostic test , a teacher records the following errors made by a student reading at a normal pace . Actual Word in the Text Word Read by Student swam swarm siding sliding ride rider weak wreak dip drimp .

Adding consonants that are not there .

Ms. Smith is planning to incorporate active listening instructions and expectations into her daily routine . Which of the following would best reinforce actively listening in class ?

After giving instructions for an activity or assignment , have each student summarize or paraphrase the instructions for their neighbor .

A teacher notices that her students are struggling with visualizing a story as she reads it aloud . Which of the following strategies could she implement to help students improve in this area ?

After reading a section of the story out loud , the teacher asks the students to draw what they " saw " in their minds on a blank piece of paper .

Which activity would fit in a unit focusing on enhancing student abilities in word recognition ?

After studying some common prefixes , suffixes , and root words , play a game where students generate as many words as possible that use a specific root , prefix , or suffix .

A new student has arrived in Mrs. Turner's class . She is an English language learner and is showing some shyness and trouble communicating with both her classmates and Mrs. Turner The student is doing well with written communication , so Mrs. Turner would like to focus some instruction on oral communication . Which strategy would be most beneficial for Mrs. Turner to use to encourage more oral communication skills ?

Build in multiple partnering activities so the new student can meet and interact with her peers .

A 6th - grade teacher is asking students to compare a pair of persuasive articles about global warming . She would like to incorporate at least one question from each level of reading comprehension . Which of the following questions would fall under the category of evaluative comprehension ?

Choose one article and explain the author's point of view . Then compare it with the point of view of the other article . Which do you agree with and why ?

Which of the following would NOT be appropriate instructions in an editing activity for a third - grade class ?

Designate that a writing template should be used .

Which would be the most important question for a teacher to consider while examining the recent results of a student's reading assessment ?

Does this data provide evidence of continued student progress on the standards assessed ?

Mr. Sanchez's sixth - grade class is currently working on a research project about world cultures . Each student has been assigned a different culture to research and present their findings to the class . Mr. Sanchez notices many of his students , who are classified as English language learners , are nervous about their upcoming presentations because they are uncomfortable speaking in front of the class Which of the following recommendations would be most appropriate for Mr. Sanchez to the students ?

Each student practices in a small group and uses the feedback from the small group to improve their presentation .

Maria , an English language learner , tells the teacher she is concerned the class will not understand her presentation because of her inability to pronounce words perfectly . Which of the following would be the most appropriate recommendation for the teacher to make ?

Have Maria write out notes that indicate the correct pronunciation of the words .

Which of the following would be the best activity for students struggling with phonemic awareness ?

Have struggling students practice phonemic activities specific to the area in which they are behind .

Ms. Ader reads a book aloud to her students . She introduces unfamiliar words during the reading and wants to promote the students ' vocabulary development after the reading . Which of the following activities would best support Ms. Ader's goal ?

Have students draw a picture that illustrates the definition of unfamiliar words

Students in a sixth - grade science class are studying biomes across continents . What would be the most appropriate instructional strategy to help students recognize types of biomes , plants and animals in each biome , and vocabulary words associated with each ?

Have students take virtual field trips using video clips of biomes and complete a cloze activity using a graphic organizer .

Mr. Hendrix , a third - grade English Language Arts teacher , wants to support his students in becoming self - directed critical readers . Which of the following activities would best help Mr. Hendrix accomplish this goal ?

Have students use a Venn diagram to identify and compare the character traits of the protagonist and the antagonist of three different narratives .

Paula is an ELL student from Mexico . Her mother , Natalia , is a fluent English speaker and is concerned with Paula's reading fluency . She asks Mrs. Dilbert , her ESL teacher , about the different ways that she can help Paula to practice at home . Mrs. Dilbert recommends all of the following except :

Having Paula read " frustration level " texts , or texts that she can read at less than 90 % accuracy , at home to challenge her .

Each week , Mr. Rivera has his students read books assigned to them in their book boxes . After reading , they rate the books on a scale of 1-5 and write down one topic that they liked and one topic that they did not like . What can Mr. Rivera do with the information he is collecting ?

He can use this information to select future independent reading books for his students .

Mrs. Thorpe is an English teacher who is working with her students to promote their vocabulary One of the activities she assigns her students is to create a self - made dictionary from the weekly vocabulary list . What is the greatest advantage of a student self - made dictionary over a standard dictionary ?

It is composed of definitions that the individual is more likely to recognize and remember .

While reviewing her notes , Mrs. Welsh notices that Fred has never volunteered to read aloud to his peers . She suspects he may be avoiding reading because he struggles to pronounce unfamiliar words . What strategy is best for Mrs. Welsh use to help Fred become more confident and improve his oral language and reading relationship ?

Model using phonemes to sound out new words while she reads to the group .

Mr. Brand is wanting to promote the vocabulary development of his students . Which of the following strategies would best align with current research on promoting vocabulary development among students ?

Mr. Brand should introduce new vocabulary words by incorporating them into multiple aspects of instruction and in various contexts

Which of the following activities would most help Mr. Hanson's students work on inferential comprehension skills ?

Mr. Hanson asks various students to explain possible effects of different events in the narrative .

A kindergarten teacher is preparing to teach a unit about trees . Which of the following strategies will help students to gain background knowledge before beginning the unit about trees ?

Prepare a sensory table with leaves , bark , branches , and pinecones to teach new words and parts of trees .

Which of the following is the best approach for demonstrating the importance of independent reading to your students ?

Set aside specific in class reading time , where they will also see you reading , while also establishing expectations for independent reading at home .

A teacher wants to model for students how to pull the main idea ( s ) from a nonfiction text . Which activity below would be the most effective way to demonstrate this for the students ?

Read a text that's projected for the class and take notes in the margins while reading .

Ms. Landers had planned to begin instruction on a new syllable pattern in class this week , but on the previous Friday , only half of the class showed proficiency with the previous skill . How should this information affect her plan for the upcoming week ?

She should plan to continue instruction focused on the previous week's skill with the struggling students before teaching them the new syllable pattern .

A third - grade teacher would like to provide practice with structural analysis for her students . In which of the following sentences is structural analysis most helpful to determine the meaning of the italicized word ?

She was distrustful of the dog ever since it bit her foot .

Which of the following best describes decoding ?

Students sound out the phonemes of the word and associate the sound of the word to the correct definition .

An English teacher is assessing the effectiveness of a class discussion on a recent reading topic . Of the following features , which should be cause for the most concern ?

Students were not responding to other students ' comments but rather repeating their own .

A first - grade teacher is setting up her classroom library to support student engagement and choice in students ' reading habits . She has established the following rules and expectations : • Students will only check out one book at a time returning it before being allowed to check out a new book . • Students will not be limited to books at their independent reading level . • There will be opportunities to read these individually chosen books in class and to take them home overnight . • Students will have flexible and frequent opportunities throughout the week to explore the books in the classroom library . With a focus on fostering a love of reading and promoting the value of literacy , which of these guidelines should the teacher reconsider ?

Students will only check out one book at a time , returning it before being allowed to check out a new book .

Which of the following is the best rationale for using formative assessment ?

Students will show what skills they have mastered and what skills still need to be practiced .

Ms. Sanders is frustrated by students consistently using " u " instead of " you " and other shorthand in their writing . Which of the following would be the most effective way to encourage change in her classroom ?

Teach a lesson about formal and informal writing comparing academic writing to text message writing .

A fifth - grade student is struggling to read a scientific article out loud to the class . This is unexpected because the student reads grade - level fictional texts with good fluency and comprehension . As the student reads in front of the class , he stops and starts frequently , rereading several phrases and seems disoriented . After reading , the student does not have a clear understanding of the main points of the article . Which of the following explanations best describes why this student was unable to fluently read this piece of text ?

The student lacks specialized vocabulary knowledge .

A teacher notices that a student has misspelled the words " pain " and " boat " as " pane " and " bote . " Based on this . observation of the student's spelling , which of the following would be a reasonable assumption for the teacher to make about the student's decoding skills ?

The student may struggle to decode vowel digraphs .

When administering an oral reading fluency assessment , which of the following behaviors would indicate that a student has difficulties in the area of rate ?

The student reads slowly and deliberately .

A second - grade teacher is starting a new science unit on living organisms and their environments . She seats students in pairs and assigns them an article and multiple - choice questions on the topic . That afternoon , she checks their work and notices most students missed a majority of the comprehension questions . Which of the following statements best describes why students were unsuccessful on the assignment ?

The students were likely unfamiliar with the tier - three vocabulary words and concepts discussed in the article .

In a general education classroom that includes some ELL students , which of the following should be considered when choosing a passage for a summative assessment ?

The subject of the passage should aim to be accessible to all students despite different backgrounds and schemas

A sixth - grade teacher had decided to use literature circles with her class to work through a new fiction text they're reading . She will provide the groups with guided questions and discussion ideas to complete during and after their reading sections . Which question stem would encourage students to use context clues to increase their vocabulary ?

The word " ______ " means _________ . I know because in the text it says , " _________. "

Which of the following is the greatest educational benefit of using collaborative learning groups and active learning activities in the classroom ?

These methods address a variety of learning styles and allow students to take ownership of their learning . These are the greatest educational benefits of those listed .

The teacher creates mixed - level groups to read and discuss a short story . Who is NOT benefitting from this grouping ?

They all benefit from mixed grouping .

Why is it important for students to develop a vocabulary that includes words such as analyze , describe , justify , determine , etc. ?

They are critical across content areas in order to demonstrate understanding of content .

Which of the following is a similarity between a norm - referenced assessment and a criterion - referenced assessment ?

They both formally assess a test - taker's knowledge in a specific area .

Which of the following is the primary benefit of requiring students to give oral book reports ?

They encourage students to share reading experiences and model how the book was . enjoyable .

What impact should the results of ongoing assessments have on instructional plans ?

They should change upcoming plans if goals are not met

What impact should the results of ongoing assessments have on instructional plans ?

They should change upcoming plans if goals are not met .

A sixth - grade teacher had decided to use literature circles with her class to work through a new fiction text they're reading . She will provide the groups with guided questions and discussion ideas to complete during and after their reading sections . Which question stem would encourage students to relate their own lives to the reading ?

When said said . , it reminded me of when I.

A teacher wants to model for students how to determine the meaning of words within a nonfiction text . Which activity below would be the most effective way to demonstrate this for the students ?

While reading aloud to the class , the teacher pauses to define vocabulary terms using context clues .

How is teaching word consciousness different from typical vocabulary instruction ?

Word consciousness should be driven by curiosity and interest , while typical vocabulary instruction is based on defining words , comprehension , and clarity of language .

A second - grade teacher has both native English speakers and English Language Learners in the class . The teacher informally assesses each student for language skills . Which of the following should be selected for further evaluation by the teacher ?

a native English speaker who cannot clearly verbalize ideas in conversations with peers

All of the following assessments would be beneficial for a teacher to use when helping students choose independent reading books except :

a nonsense word ( pseudoword ) assessment .

Students in Mr. Tulip's class have just finished a unit , learning about the persuasive techniques used in commercials . What activity below would help solidify his students ' understanding of how commercials use persuasive techniques to convince consumers ?

a project where students write and film a commercial for a made - up product of their own

A third - grade teacher notices that two students are both automatic readers and share the same reading rate and comprehension level . She would like to assign them an activity that will help improve their individual reading rates without compromising comprehension . Which of the described activities would be best suited for this purpose ?

a shared reading activity in which both students silently read the same text independently , pausing along the way to discuss the main points of the text

Students are reading a nonfiction article about the events leading up to WWII . Which of the following graphic organizers would most likely help them comprehend the article ?

a timeline .

Which of the following syllable types is the last syllable in the word " rename " ?

a vowel - consonant - e syllable

Which of the following syllable types is the first syllable in " eating " ?

a vowel team syllable

A fifth - grade teacher is planning a vocabulary lesson for her class . Which of the following describes the best source for these vocabulary words ?

academic or topical vocabulary from their upcoming unit

Fluency is measured by which three criteria ?

accuracy , prosody , and speed

Which of the following is least important for reading comprehension ?

accuracy when required to read aloud to class

re un mis del She asks the students to consider the list with a partner to see which examples from the list could be added to the beginning of the word " use " to create a new word . What concept is the focus of this teacher's lesson ?

affixes

A first - grade student is reading aloud and mispronounces the following words : after , old , ask , and what . The student could benefit from additional instruction in which of the following areas ?

automatic recognition of high - frequency words

How are daily learning objectives related to reading developed ?

by analyzing the steps necessary to reach long - term goals that are based on state learning standards

Which of the following are good examples of formative assessment ? Select all answers that apply .

listening to a student read aloud , one - on - one , then discussing what was read self and peer assessments observations in the form of close monitoring and feedback while students are working

A teacher is providing instruction on root words . Which of the following is not a good example of root words to use with the class ?

boyhood , childhood , neighborhood

Ms. Jennings incorporates time into her class's weekly schedule to provide opportunities for students to choose a book that they have already read and read it aloud to either her or a classmate . Which of the following is most likely Ms. Jenning's goal for this activity ?

build student fluency

A third - grade class visits the library weekly . Approximately once a month , one student checks out her favorite book , along with other new books . She has now taken this book home for independent reading many times . How can the teacher best support this student's fluency development ?

by allowing the student to continue periodically checking out and rereading the book she loves

How can teachers ensure that ELL students and their families receive clear and appropriate information about assessment results ?

by offering a translated copy of results

A kindergarten student is falling behind as the class progresses through phonetic instruction . She has memorized most of the sound - to - letter pairings , but as the class prepares to move on to more complex letter combinations , the teacher is concerned that she will not be able to catch up without additional help . How should the teacher support this student's phonetic skills development ?

by providing additional instruction and practice , either small - group or individualized , to ensure mastery of these skills

A fourth - grade teacher is planning a lesson that involves a text that will be challenging for most of the class . How can the teacher best use vocabulary instruction to support reading comprehension ?

by selecting challenging and key terms to pre - teach

Mrs. Carter wants to assess her first - grade class's ability to identify individual phonemes . Which type of assessment would allow her to compare her students ' skills to the grade level expectations ?

criterion - referenced

A second - grade teacher passes out single syllable nouns ( e.g. door , knob ) to each student in the class . She asks the students to walk around the room until they find another student with a word that can combine with their own to form a new word ( e.g. doorknob ) . This activity is most likely to help the students understand which of the following ?

compound words

Mr. Clark teaches a diverse population of students , including English Language Learners . Despite their necessity in many situations , Mr. Clark isn't a proponent of summative assessments . Mr. Clark would most likely support which of the following ?

daily submission of homework assignments and weekly student - teacher feedback sessions

For their morning work , a teacher has students dissect the word " disconnected . " The students are required to break the word into a prefix , root word , and suffix . Which of the following skills will this help develop ?

decoding

While reading , a student comes across the unknown word " extracellular . " He notices the prefix " extra- " and determines that the word means something like " having more cells . " While he did not correctly define the word , which strategy did he use in his attempt to define the unknown word ?

defining meaning from structural clues and morphology

Which of the following is not a goal teaching word consciousness ?

developing dictionary skills

A second - grade teacher conducting a phonics lesson reads the words " kite , " " bike , " and " recite " aloud and has students write and discuss the use of these words . The greatest benefit to this strategy is it :

discusses vowel rules in a realistic context familiar to students

A language arts teacher has students use a data notebook to monitor their reading fluency and progress . Each month the students set a new reading goal and monitor their progress towards that goal during the month , utilizing their data notebooks . Which of the following is the greatest benefit of this process ?

encouraging students to self - monitor their reading progress

Ongoing assessment is extremely important in writing and the writing process . Which of the following is the least important reason for ongoing assessment ?

ensuring that there are many scores so no one low grade will too significantly impact their average

To enhance sixth - grade students ' abilities in the area of oral communication and literacy development , a teacher might do all of the following EXCEPT :

have students engage in a computer game that reads aloud and assesses comprehension .

Which of the following would be an appropriate summative assessment for fourth grade students who are learning about parts of speech ?

having students independently label each part of speech for words in a given sentence

An ESL teacher finds that many of her students , despite showing improvement in the classroom , don't do very well on formal assessments . She thinks it's because they get nervous when they know they are being tested . She wants to find another way to assess them . Her colleague should recommend :

having the students keep journals or learning logs .

Which of the following is an important component of choral reading ? Select all answers that apply .

hearing the teacher model oral reading reading aloud

Based on current research , what is the best way for ELL students to be grouped in a content area class for a discussion activity ?

heterogenous English - language levels and content - area knowledge .

After her students take an important exam , Ms. Lesley always sends them home with a document explaining their assessment results for their parents . Which of the following can be done to ensure that non - native parents understand the results ? Select all that apply :

including charts and graphs on the document providing a translated version of the document

A new science unit is being introduced and has many unfamiliar words . During introductory activities , the teacher reads a passage and pauses to have students repeat vocabulary words . They practice pronunciation and discuss the meaning before moving on . This method is referred to as :

interactive reading .

Mrs. Peterson , the principal at Northside High School , is a proponent of summative assessments . She has told Mr. Stephens that he needs to include more summative assessments in his ESL curriculum . Which of the following would Mrs. Peterson recommend ?

more end of unit or chapter tests

A teacher might ask students to compare the words go , goes , and undergo in order to support an understanding of :

morphemes

Which of these is NOT a key component in oral language development ?

phonemic awareness vocabulary accuracy reading comprehension All of these are components .

While working one - on - one with a student , the teacher administers a nonsense word test . Which of the following skills is the teacher most likely trying to assess ?

phonics

A third - grade teacher asks students to document their learning throughout the school year by choosing exemplary samples of their work . At the end of the year , they are compiled , along with teacher feedback , self - evaluations , and other assessment information . This is an example of a ( an ) :

portfolio .

Students who read below grade level and are working to improve their fluency should : Select all answers that apply .

practice reading aloud . reread books that they have already enjoyed . read books at their current independent reading level .

In the word unreliableness , the underlined part is the :

prefix

Which of the following best describes the segment " pre " in " prescribe . "

prefix

Which of the following best describes the segment " un " in " unbelievable . "

prefix

A student has shown proficiency in the ability to read a text with appropriate inflection . Which of the following skills has the student demonstrated ?

prosody

Henrique is an ELL student from Mexico . He really wants to improve his reading fluency . His parents ask his teacher for advice , and she informs them that while Henrique has strong reading accuracy and a fast reading rate , he is struggling a bit with his use of intonation and phrasing in reading . He thinks that Henrique would benefit from some additional practice with his :

prosody

In order to best assess students ' understanding of multimedia and communication skills , teachers should : Select all answers that apply .

provide students with opportunities to interact and demonstrate command of various types of visual media . utilize multiple formative and summative assessments .

Which of these strategies is the LEAST effective for developing student vocabulary ?

providing weekly word lists for students to study and memorize

A second - grade teacher expects students to consistently read at home and also asks that they spend time reading aloud to an adult or older sibling . Which of the following is a skill the teacher hopes the students will further develop due directly to reading out loud ?

reading fluency

A third - grade teacher reads a fictional story to the class and bases activities on one character of the story . The teacher assigns the same story to be read that night with parents / guardians and provides questions based on another character . Which of the following would this lesson best promote ?

reading for a purpose and fluency

A teacher wants to promote students ' vocabulary development . Which of the following would be the best approach for the teacher to utilize when selecting texts to read aloud to students ?

reading from a wide variety of genres and texts

A fourth - grade teacher has begun using phrase - cued reading in some of her small - group instruction . This activity requires the teacher to pre - read a text and mark natural pauses or the ends of phrases with a slash before giving the text to students to read . What is the purpose of this activity ?

to aid in student prosody and to support reading fluency

On a rotating basis , a 5th - grade teacher will pull small groups of students for a discussion about a current class reading instead of completing a written assignment . Which of the following is the main purpose of these small group discussions ?

to assess and develop student oral language skills

Which of the following statements describes the purpose of having a student repeatedly read aloud ?

to increase the student's fluency and reading rate

Which of the following describes the best use of a running record ?

to track student reading progress over a year

Which of the following is the best definition of a compound word ?

two complete words that have joined together as one word with a new meaning

Mrs. Crow provides her students a self - assessment rubric to complete after a semester - long group research project . Which of the following does a self - assessment rubric best promote among students ?

understanding and taking responsibility for their learning

Multiple times a year a third - grade teacher administers a formal assessment of her students ' oral reading fluency . While assessing a student's reading , she notices that the child performs well on the portion of the test that asks the student to read a paragraph , but struggles when reading many of the same words in list form . Which of the following would best describe a strength of this student ?

using context clues to determine a word

Which of the following will best enhance reading comprehension in a sixth - grade classroom ?

using graphic organizers to compare two reading selections .

Which of the following strategies should be incorporated into the classroom to help students determine the meaning of unknown words while reading ? Select all answers that apply .

using root words and morphology using context clues

When communicating student exam results to stakeholders , it's important to ensure that they have a clear understanding of the context , methods , and results of the assessment data . This includes which of the following ? Select all that apply Select all answers that apply .

what the performance indicates why it was assessed what was assessed how it was assessed

A fifth - grade teacher has asked her class to collect interesting and unfamiliar words from their independent reading . At least once a week , the students are given the opportunity to share the words with their classmates . What does the teacher intend to develop with this activity ?

word consciousness

Which of the following is a morpheme ?

write

A second - grade teacher wants to improve his student's reading fluency . Which activity would be an effective way . to achieve this goal ?

supervised oral reading

Students need to understand and be able to use the key elements of persuasive essays . Which one of the following elements is not typically in a persuasive essay ?

the development of characters

Differentiation is important for children during alphabetic instruction . Which of the following is a way that formal assessment could support differentiation ? Select all answers that apply .

determine a need for intervention . determine student strengths

Ms. Rowl teaches a fourth - grade class that contains several students who are English Language Learners . After assessment of these students , Ms. Rowl has been told that she needs to provide extra help for these students with syntax . Her class is one of mixed ability , and she has realized from ongoing assessments that other students also need help in this area . This means that she will provide additional instruction and time on helping students :

develop sentences and phrases from grouping words appropriately , according to conventional English standards . hold class discussions that are realistic and on a variety of topics of interest to all students speak orally , either to a small group or to a partner . all of the above

Mrs. White has planned a field trip to a nearby history museum at the end of the month Her sixth - grade class is made up of about 40 % English Language Learners ELLs ) , and the majority of the class will not have visited a museum before this trip . In order to best prepare her students for the trip and success with navigating the museum , which activity should she incorporate into her classroom activities ?

role - playing activities

A first - grade teacher creates a fun , engaging story and writes the story on flashcards . The teacher writes unfamiliar words larger than the familiar words so they are easy for students to identify . As the teacher reads to the class , the teacher points to each word as he reads it . After reading through the story one time , the teacher reads the flashcards a second time and tells the students when he points to a word written in big letters to say the word along with him . Which of the following reading skills is this activity most promoting ?

word recognition

Mr. Glaser , a kindergarten teacher , is looking for ways to assess his student's ability to summarize or retell reading material . Which activities could he use to help assess this skill ? Select all answers that apply .

Ask students to draw what happened in the text Ask students individually to act out a scene from the text

A language arts teacher is providing instruction on the proper use of capitalization . Each student will write a three paragraph essay and then exchange their papers with other students for peer editing . What is the best tool for the teacher to provide to students for peer edits ?

Conduct a mini - lesson on capitalization rules and how to use proofreading symbols for capitalizations ; then , post the proofreading symbols on the board while students make peer edits .

course Mr. Slater has assigned his class a research project on South America . Each student will research a specific region or people of South America , write a paper , and then present their findings to the class . Mr. Slater wants the parents to be aware of the project and the assessment criteria for the project . Which of the following would be the best strategy to ensure parents are aware of the assessment criteria for the project ?

Create a detailed checklist of assessment criteria for each phase of the project and share it with parents .

Which of the following are appropriate ways for a teacher to help students develop literacy ? Select all answers that apply .

Expect students to provide text evidence for their answers . Provide flexible classroom seating to facilitate an easy transition between independent work and the opportunity to discuss their reading and writing with peers .

Mrs. Pfeiffer is looking for a way to get her fifth - grade student's writing visible to the community . Which option would be the best way to give students an authentic writing experience and benefit the community ?

Have students create informational nature signs for the local city and county parks .

Follow - up activities are crucial to enhancing young students ' listening skills . After listening to a story , which of the following activities would be most appropriate for a class with many English Language Learners ?

Have the students perform a skit about the events in the story .

Of the following , which is the most likely group structure for promoting English proficiency among English Language Learners ?

Heterogeneous in English proficiency

A fourth - grade teacher wants to improve the students ' ability to revise , edit , and publish their written work Which of the following activities would best address this in preparation for future writing modes ?

Instruct and allow practice in word - processing technology using a track - changes feature .

A teacher assigns a writing project in which students focus on their own unique characteristics . She encourages her students to focus on something that makes them different or that might be seen as a negative thing by peers and describe the positive aspects of it . What is the greatest benefit of this project ?

It allows students to practice their writing skills while focused on a personal issue .

Mrs. Sanchez , an English teacher , has her students write a few sentences outlining the purpose of each writing assignment and how they will try to achieve their writing goals . Which of the following is the greatest benefit of this practice ?

It allows students to think about and develop a framework to guide their writing .

Mrs. Ling , a sixth - grade English teacher , is introducing an instructional assignment to promote her students ' writing skills . Before she provides the writing assignment , she asks each student to think of a person they view as a role model and then list five characteristics they like about their role model . Once each student has completed the activity , she instructs her students to construct a three - paragraph essay about what makes a good role model Which of the following is the most beneficial reason for the teacher to ask each student to list five characteristics of their role model ?

It allows the teacher to identify a foundation to help the students begin their writing activity .

How does instruction regarding word families support spelling instruction ?

It demonstrates that in words containing the same sounds made by a group of letters , the sounds will often be represented with the same spelling .

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the impact of learning conventional spelling on writing development ?

It helps students understand grammatical rules .

Mr. Long begins the day by asking students to discuss what happened over the weekend . While Ethan is sharing with the class , Mr. Long hears him say , " I ain't gonna go to the beach no more . " It is common in the area for adults to use " ain't " and " gonna " in their speech patterns . How should Mr. Long correct Ethan's speech and promote the use of Standard English in the future ?

Review the expectations of speaking formally to the class and that they include the use of Standard English .

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a teacher to help students develop an understanding of parts of speech ?

Show example words and example sentences to help analyze / explain how each part of speech functions within a sentence .

A sixth - grade teacher is demonstrating to her students the importance of conventional spelling and its relationship to success in reading and writing . Which of the following is a good strategy for her to use with her students ?

Show examples of how spelling mistakes can confuse the meaning of sentences .

Henrique , a low - intermediate level ELL student from Mexico , is having trouble with his writing skills . His parents . have an advanced level of English and want to help him , but they aren't sure what to do . Which of the following should his teacher recommend ? Select all answers that apply .

Spend time each evening reading together with Henrique . Encourage Henrique to tell them simple stories as they write them down . Encourage Henrique to keep a journal and write about topics of his choice .

How does speaking vocabulary differ from reading vocabulary ?

Students are exposed to more varied and higher - level vocabulary while reading .

Which of the following describes what happens in the conventional stage of writing ?

Students learn to adjust their writing for specific purposes and audiences .

Which of the following describes what happens in the transitional stage of writing ?

Students learn to explain different purposes for writing .

Which of the following statements about the stages of writing development is most accurate ?

Students learn to write in foreseeable phases , but the pace and mastery of learning will be different for each student .

In explaining a group problem - solving task , the teacher should always be sure to motivate and encourage students to be risk takers and use their creative thinking abilities . Which of the following lesson elements would be the most effective in achieving this goal ?

The teacher states that in this scenario , there may be many good answers . There would not be one specific correct answer , but each group's creative response to the scenario must be grounded in facts as well as evaluated with the rubric by the whole team .

Mr. Harris wants to create a writing assignment that allows students to write with an authentic and meaningful purpose . Which one of the following assignments would best accomplish Mr. Harris ' goal ?

Use Word to type a letter to an elected official about a student - chosen need in the community . Print and send the letters .

Precise language usage is generally more important for written communication than verbal communication . Which of the following is NOT a reason why ?

Visual cues are available to help the reader determine tone and meaning with written text .

Which question must be an area of focus when students are engaged in the prewriting stage of writing ?

Who is the intended audience ?

Which of the following is the best example of expository writing ?

a research report

The English teachers at Anytown District want to promote pragmatic language use among elementary students . Which of the following is the best activity for them to use ?

acting out everyday situations and role - playing different conversations .

Which of the following would be a reasonable way a student writing a persuasive essay could benefit from peer discussion during prewriting ?

by identifying counter - arguments

A third - grade teacher has identified a word identification issue with a student . The teacher listens to the student read aloud , marking the miscues or words that he is unable to decode in order to better plan intervention . The teacher marked the following words while listening to the student read aloud : south awful spoil toy painter real How can the teacher best provide intervention support for this student ?

by providing direct instruction and practice for vowel teams .

Following students ' reading of a news article , the teacher has requested that they reread the text , this time annotating as they read . Which of the following would be included in this task ?

circling words that are unfamiliar or confusing paraphrasing individual sentences or paragraphs underlining important points all of the above

Which of the following is the most appropriate technique to promote students ' development of oral language skills ?

creating classroom time for students to talk with their classmates

Mr. Franklin believes that ongoing assessments are particularly important for English language learners , but that standardized tests in English don't always reflect ELLs ' true content knowledge or abilities . Instead , he is a strong proponent of performance based assessments . Which of the following would be an appropriate performance based activity for Mr. Franklin to use to assess ELLs ' speaking or reading skills ? Select all answers that apply .

debating , either one - on - one or taking turns in small groups giving descriptions or instructions using visual or written prompts

Mrs. Tockert assigns a four - paragraph essay asking the students to write about a favorite memory associated with a favorite season . The rubric requests that at least 5 sensory details be included in each paragraph . Which type of writing will the students be doing ?

descriptive

A third - grade teacher plans a lesson that consists of the following activities : 1. Students will feel a sample of polar bear fur , ice , and down feathers . 2. After reading the book Animals in the Tundra , the students will be asked to create an outline for an essay about polar bears or snow buntings . 3. The students will exchange papers and read for any extraneous information followed by the writer making appropriate changes . 4. The teacher will then take a daily grade for the revised essay with the corrections of any grammatical errors . The unit omits which one important step in the writing process ?

drafting

During the writing process , fifth - grade students need to be able to organize information and build on ideas by choosing an appropriate organizational strategy which might include sequence of events , cause and effect , or compare and contrast . Which of the following best describes this practice ?

drafting

A kindergarten student is in the semiphonetic stage of spelling development and is hesitant to write longer pieces because she is concerned about misspelling words . The teacher should take which of the following steps to encourage further development of the student's reading and writing skills ?

encouraging her to keep sounding out words and spelling to the best of her abilities

After the flowering time come the vivid green crowns of leaves that at least please the eye . Lizards make their home beneath them , and many a yellowthroat , taking advantage of the plant's foul odor , gladly puts up with it herself and builds her nest in the hollow of the cabbage as a protection for her eggs and young from four - footed enemies . Cattle let the plant alone because of the stinging acrid juices secreted by it , although such tender , fresh , bright foliage must be especially tempting , like the hellebores , after a dry winter diet . Sometimes tiny insects are found drowned in the wells of rain water that accumulate at the base of the grooved leafstalks . Which of the following best describes the excerpt ?

expository

Before beginning a unit on writing compound sentences with his second - grade class , Mr. Stevenson needs to assess whether his students can do which of the following ? Select all answers that apply .

identify conjunctions identify simple sentences

A third - grade teacher plans a lesson that consists of the following activities : 1. Students will feel a sample of polar bear fur , ice , and down feathers 2. After reading the book Animals in the Tundra , the students will be asked to create an outline for an essay about polar bears or snow buntings . 3. The students will exchange papers and read for any extraneous information followed by the writer making appropriate changes . 4. The teacher will then take a daily grade for the rough draft with the corrections of any grammatical errors . Which type of writing is being introduced in this lesson ?

informational

As a rule , the larger and coarser ferns grow in moist , shady situations , as swamps , ravines , and damp woods ; while the smaller ones are more apt to be found along mountain ranges in some dry and even exposed locality . A tiny crevice in some high cliff is not infrequently chosen by these fascinating little plants , which protect themselves from drought by assuming a mantle of light wool , or of hair and chaff , with , perhaps , a covering of white powder as in some cloak ferns -- thus keeping a layer of moist air next to the surface of the leaf , and checking transpiration . Which of the following best describes this type of writing ?

informative

Transitional words and phrases are helpful in both spoken and written communication because they : Select all answers that apply .

link ideas to each other . indicate the flow of time and events ..

A student is able to distinguish the structure and form of words . This level of language development is called

morphology

A student is writing a letter to his school principal about why each grade should have at least one field trip per year . Which of the following types of writing would be best suited to this goal ?

persuasive

Which of the following stages of spelling development is primarily characterized by letter - sound correspondence ?

phonetic

A first - grade student writes the following sentence on the board : " Mi mom maks soop for us wen it is kold outsid . " Which of the following does the student's sentence best demonstrate ?

phonetic spelling

The following sentence was written by a kindergarten student . I am betr at soker than mi frend . Which of the following best describes this student's stage of spelling development ?

phonetic spelling

Which list below includes the steps in the writing process , in the correct order ?

planning , drafting , revising , editing , and publishing

A four - year - old likes to mimic her mother writing a shopping list , but the child is actually only making scribbled shapes on a paper , occasionally making a mark that looks like a letter . Which of the following does this child's writing best demonstrate ?

precommunicative spelling

Writing development has predictable stages . Which of the following answer options best describes the stages of writing development ?

preconventional , emergent , transitional , conventional , and proficient

A teacher has provided her class with a descriptive writing assignment . The students have chosen a topic and are now filling out a sensory - focused graphic organizer in which they list descriptions that align with each of the five senses . What step in the writing process are the students most likely to be in ?

prewriting

A teacher has the students do the following : • Determine a writing audience . Identify a purpose . Provide a list of writing topics . Based on the list of activities , which stage of writing are the students most likely working on ?

prewriting

Which of the following would not be in the conventional process of spelling stages ?

revising

Students in a 5th - grade class have been working on writing biographies about important people from history . Today's writer's workshop activity required them to reread their writing and identify ideas that need elaboration.or clarification . They have also been asked to consider the organization of their essay to ensure that information is presented in a logical order . Which stage of the writing process are these students working in ?

revision

A fifth - grade classroom teacher would like to help her English learners learn to read with more natural intonation and phrasing . Which of the following strategies would help them develop these necessary fluency skills ?

sharing a read - aloud with the class , emphasizing the rise and fall of the phrases , and having the students echo - read the same text

Which of the following is best promoted by allowing students to write to each other or family members during class time ?

the understanding that there are real - world purposes for writing

When helping students improve their essay writing skills , corrective feedback should be given :

throughout the writing process .

Below is a sample of a student written narrative . Last week my dad was out of town and my mom dragged me all over the place to run errands instead of letting me stay home alone . She should let me stay home alone because I am smart and responsible I know how to call 911 if there is an emergency . I even knew how to make my own eggs if I get hungry and I won't get hungry because she isn't even gone that long and I can wait a really long time to eat if I need to . She could even just leave snacks for me like granola bars or chips . It is not like she buys me food when I go with her anyway . I would lock all the doors and be safe and follow all the normal rules The student writing sample be fits the characteristics of which writing purpose ?

to persuade

In which of the following stages of spelling development does the child start to leave behind their phonetic dependence and rely on visual and morphemic strategies ?

transitional

A second - grade student writes the following sentence on the board : " My dog nose triks and is my best freind , but my sister prefers our pet cat . " Which of the following does the student's sentence best demonstrate ?

transitional spelling

Which type of technology would be most beneficial to use while students practice drafting a new piece of writing ?

word - processing programs

Mrs. Kulasa is working with a small group of students who are in the second stage of writing development . These emergent stage students should be given an activity that develops their ability to :

write strings of letters in a row

Mrs. Meyers is teaching a lesson to students who are in the second stage of writing development The writing . activity she has planned for her students should focus on developing their ability to :

write strings of letters in a row .

Why is incorporating multiple types , genres , lengths , and styles of writing into the classroom important for student writing success ? Select all answers that apply .

writing with different styles , genres , and types allows students to practice writing skills in authentic and meaningful ways to show students that school is not the only place where writing occurs

A second - grade teacher uses the following handout to introduce a new topic . Choose ONE of the following words to correctly complete BOTH of the following sentences . bus train teach show car I rode in a to visit my grandmother . I hope to my dog to roll over . Now work with a partner to write two sentences . Each sentence must show a different meaning of the word right . Which of the following concepts is the teacher introducing to her class ?

homographs

Cindy continues to write the word " hole " when she means " whole . " Cindy needs further instruction in :

homophones .

The semester exam administered to students at the end of the term is considered to be a :

summative assessment .

Ms. Winski , a second - grade teacher notices that her newest English language learner is struggling to communicate with his peers . Which option below would best encourage her new student to practice speaking to and interacting with his classmates ?

Allow time before and after activities for students to chat with their deskmates .

A fifth - grade teacher has decided to repeat a novel she taught the year before but is hoping to improve the way she structures instruction with the first portion of the book . The first chapter contains long paragraphs that describe the setting and introduce many characters , and this seemed to frustrate and confuse her class . It wasn't until the characters and conflict were well established that they enjoyed the book . The teacher would like to minimize the negative initial responses this year . Which of the following activities may help her students get off to a better start ?

Ask the students to draw visual representations of the setting and / or characters described in the first chapter .

Which of the following best describes a value specific to assessing with an authentic task ?

Authentic tasks assess a skill being used in a context that has meaning and value outside of the classroom context

When students are given two texts on the same subject , one persuasive and one informative , what approach would be most helpful to determining purpose ?

Determine whether each topic sentence is a claim or factual statement .

An English teacher has her ELL students write a persuasive paper on a school policy they feel should be changed . The students choose to offer more juice options in the school vending machine . In writing the essay , which of the following strategies would be the most effective for supporting their argument ?

Explain how other schools have implemented similar changes and highlight the positive effects in those specific campuses .

Which of the following statements best describes a formative assessment ?

Formative assessments measure what students know along the way .

Which of the following should a teacher do before giving the first science textbook reading assignment to a class ?

Go through the text with the class pointing out headings , pictures , key words , definitions , and other assistance available on the page .

A fourth - grade student loves to read , but typically only picks graphic novels that are written below grade level . Which of the following best explains one reason the teacher might suggest more variation in his independent reading ?

Greater variety in reading level and genre will support greater vocabulary development .

Which of the following is the best approach to creating collaborative groups ?

Group students heterogeneously .

To best develop sentence - building and syntax skills , a second - grade teacher would implement which of the following ?

Have word banks categorized by parts of speech to create sentences .

A teacher is creating a reading fluency handout for parents so that parents can support the students ' reading development at home Which of the following suggestions would be the most valuable to include in the handout ?

Have your child read aloud the same book multiple times while listening to them .

Why is oral reading often used instead of silent reading when assessing a student's reading skills and determining their reading level ?

Hearing the frequency and types of errors can help the teacher determine why the student struggled with the passage .

Students in upper - elementary grades need to be able to ask appropriate questions about their own writing , such as " Did I capitalize all proper nouns and the beginning of sentences ? " , " Did I use proper punctuation ? " , and " Did I use parts of speech correctly ? " Which of the following best explains the importance of this questioning ?

Help students learn the process of editing their own and each other's writing .

With direct teaching and guidelines on the group process , the fourth - grade students are divided into groups to write a story about an experience of a frightening storm . Each student is assigned a part of the narrative to write within their group , after the group agrees on the type of storm they will write about . They later share the group stories with their classmates . The teacher encountered one stubborn student and several challenges with the group progress , but all of the groups completed the task successfully with teacher facilitation . In order to improve future small group activities , what teacher strategy should be used ?

Help the students evaluate their group's performance and generate guidelines for future group work .

What question ( s ) could be asked during literature circles to encourage students to evaluate the author's word choices ?

How did the descriptive language used in this chapter help you visualize the setting ?

A sixth - grade teacher had decided to use literature circles with her class to work through a new fiction text they're reading . She will provide the groups with guided questions and discussion ideas to complete during and after their reading sections . What question could the literature circles ask to encourage students to make connections to the text ?

In what ways is the main character relatable to yourself or someone you know ? How does this likeness help you understand his motivations and actions ?

A fourth - grade teacher is administering a student's mid - year fluency assessment . Her data shows that the student's miscues are within the range of normal for the grade level , but the student did not self - correct any errors while reading aloud . Of the following questions which should be the first to consider when evaluating instructional strategies for this student ?

Is the student able to correctly answer reading comprehension questions despite the miscues ?

Mrs. Ling , a sixth - grade English teacher , is introducing an instructional assignment to promote her students ' writing skills . Before she provides the writing assignment , she asks each student to think of a person they view as a role model and then list five characteristics they like about their role model . Once each student has completed the activity , she instructs her students to construct a three - paragraph essay about what makes a good role model . Which of the following is the most beneficial reason for the teacher to ask each student to list five characteristics of their role model ?

It allows the teacher to identify a foundation to help the students begin their writing activity

Why might discussing the etymology of a word encourage word consciousness ?

It encourages thinking about the meaning of a word in new ways .

A mentor advised a beginning teacher to plan an entire unit before the beginning of instruction . The unit plan includes objectives , activities , modifications , and assessments . What is the best instructional reason for this advice ?

It ensures that the content and learning activities are sequenced in a logical and coherent manner .

Which of the following best describes why a teacher would prioritize teaching word consciousness in addition to direct vocabulary instruction ?

It facilitates vocabulary development outside of direct instruction .

A sixth - grade teacher uses the following excerpt as part of an activity to expose her students to various forms of informational text . If you look at a map of the World , you will see , in the left - hand upper corner of the Eastern Hemisphere , two islands lying in the sea . They are England and Scotland , and Ireland . England and Scotland form the greater part of these islands . Ireland is the next in size . The little neighbouring islands , which are so small upon the map as to be mere dots , are chiefly little bits of Scotland , -broken off , I dare say , in the course of a great length of time , by the power of the restless water . After reading the excerpt together once , the teacher asks her students to read the paragraph again on their own and create a rough sketch of the described map . In what way will sketching the map support student comprehension of the text ?

It requires the student to reread and visualize the image being described by the text .

How should fluency practice for a struggling reader differ from fluency practice for a student who is on or above grade level ?

It should use a text at the student's reading level regardless of how far below grade level that is .

Ms. Ciernia decides to do a project - based assessment with her fifth - grade class in which they design their own society . Her class consists of ELLs of varied levels . She sets clear parameters using a rubric with targeted standards and skills . In which way will this assessment benefit the ELLS in her class ?

It will provide opportunities for ELLs to apply what they have learned in a student - centered project .

A first - grade teacher is assessing a student's reading . After listening to the student read a passage aloud , which of the following describes the best way for the teacher to assess the student's reading comprehension in this setting ?

Listen to the student give an oral summary of the passage .

Mr. Chalmers wants to evaluate the learning progress of his English language learners over the past few weeks . Since there are no major formal assessments scheduled in the upcoming week , which of the following would be the most appropriate informal assessment of the students ' learning progress ?

Listening in on the ELL students ' group activities

A first - grade teacher plans her reading lessons so that they always include time for the teacher to read at least part of the text aloud to students . What is one way in which teacher - modeled reading can benefit students ' fluency skills ?

Listening to the teacher read will help students learn to develop prosody in their own reading .

A sixth - grade teacher had decided to use literature circles with her class to work through a new fiction text they're reading . She will provide the groups with guided questions and discussion ideas to complete during and after their reading sections . In what way can literature circles build reading proficiency in students ?

Literature circles allow students to discuss what they've read , providing students with both verbal and reading opportunities to comprehend literature .

Which of the following are acceptable ways to assess vocabulary ? Select all answers that apply .

Make lists of a few words that contain common prefixes . Then have students divide the words into parts and write the meanings of the entire words . Provide quizzes with two columns , one for newly - studied vocabulary words and the other for synonyms of each word , for students to match up . An assessment of academic vocabulary that is multiple - choice or fill in the blank at the end of a unit .

Mr. Duke wants to break up his class into small groups for a discussion after a multimedia presentation . Mr. Duke has multiple English language learners in his class . Which of the following is the most important criteria for placing English language learners into groups ?

Make sure the English language learners are placed into various groups to promote vocabulary development .

Which of the following describes a way that spelling instruction can support the decoding skills of early readers ?

Memorizing common letter patterns through spelling can then be applied to unfamiliar words with similar structures when reading .

An author who has strong skills in clarity of writing will be able to do which of the following ? Select all answers that apply .

Organize information and use transitional words . Use precise language specific to his audience .

A fourth - grade teacher is planning a lesson to help facilitate student use of metacognitive skills to require students to self - monitor while they are reading a text . Which of the following activities would she use in this lesson ?

Pair students and require them to stop at multiple preselected locations in the reading of a text to perform " think alouds . "

In what ways can parents help solidify to their young child the importance of writing ? Select all answers that apply .

Point out to their child different forms of writing while out of the house . Ask their child to write for them or read to them . Read and write in front of their child .

Mr. Otwinowski is working with his sixth - grade students on why dialogue needs to be punctuated in written text . Which activity would best illustrate the need for dialogue punctuation in written text ?

Present students with multiple sentences that could be misunderstood without dialogue punctuation .

Mrs. Gomez wants to promote writing skills among her pre - K students . She communicates with parents about various at - home activities they can do with their children to promote writing skills . Which of the following activities would best promote writing skills among students ?

Provide opportunities for activities such as coloring , painting , writing , drawing , etc.

Which of the following activities would best support a student's ability to decode multisyllabic words ?

Provide practice matching prefixes , roots , and suffixes to create new words .

A teacher is planning instruction on the five stages of the writing process Which of the following instructional strategies would be most appropriate to facilitate progress through all stages of the process ?

Provide students with a checklist that includes each stage in the writing process and steps to take during each stage . Stop after each stage to discuss the next stage and prompt students to take steps to engage in the next stage of writing .

A third - grade teacher is facilitating literature circles for her class with books that tie into their current social studies unit . The class will be allowed to choose a title from a set of books that she has pre - selected The teacher introduces each option by showing the front cover , reading the title , and reading the back of the book . Once students choose their book and begin reading it , they will be given opportunities to meet with other students who are reading the same book . All group members are encouraged to use direct quotes from the text to support the ideas they share with their group . Which of the following describes a reason the teacher encourages her students to read aloud from the text instead of allowing them to paraphrase the relevant information ?

Reading aloud is shown to positively impact reading fluency .

How does oral language development affect reading comprehension ?

Reading comprehension is enhanced by promoting oral language .

Which is an accurate statement about effective reading instruction ?

Reading comprehension is increased when reading fluency is increased .

Mr. Martin provides all of his students with a wide variety of listening and speaking activities and provides purposes for each of these activities Which of the following would be an appropriate speaking activity for the entire class , including ELL students ?

Reading to a small group or a partner

A third - grade teacher has been reading one chapter aloud to her class each day from a book that occasionally includes challenging vocabulary . One morning , as she reads the day's chapter , the teacher realizes that many of her students do not understand the use of the word " hysterics " in the book . Which of the following would best support the student's future vocabulary development while also clarifying their understanding of the day's reading ?

Revisit the sentence in the text and facilitate the use of context clues to infer the word's meaning . Provide an opportunity to compare their inferred meaning with a denotative definition .

Which of the following would be the most effective way to teach young children about task , purpose , and intended audience ?

Share and model writing samples that demonstrate appropriate style .

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a teacher to help students develop an understanding of parts of speech ?

Show example words and example sentences to help analyze explain how each part of speech functions within a sentence .

In what ways do small - group conversational activities help improve oral language development ? Select all answers that apply .

Students are able to respond to each other in a low - stakes setting , which contributes to higher student involvement . Students can respond to each other and learn to formulate arguments and express different views .

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of incorporating self - assessment and peer - assessment into the students ' writing process ?

Students can help in grading writing assignments for the teacher .

Which of the following could be evidence of bias in a formal , standards based assessment ?

Students of differing cultural backgrounds who have been performing similarly when informally assessed , unexpectedly score very differently from each other .

A fifth - grade science teacher wants to determine if the reading from the textbook and some assigned outside readings are on the correct reading level for her students . She asks the campus reading specialist what she can do to find out if the materials are on the instructional reading level , in particular with several students who are English . Language Learners . Which of the following is the most likely response by the reading specialist about how to decide the appropriate reading level ?

Students read aloud a passage of 80 words while the teacher counts to see if they make more than 8 errors in their reading .

Mrs. Thompson is working with her kindergarten students on listening for meaning while stories are read aloud . What activity could she ask them to do to best enhance this skill ?

Take breaks to have students act out what was read .

A third grade teacher is facilitating literature circles for her class with books that tie into their current social studies unit . The class will be allowed to choose a title from a set of books that she has pre - selected The teacher introduces each option by showing the front cover , reading the title , and reading the back of the book . Once students choose their book and begin reading it , they will be given opportunities to meet with other students who are reading the same book . All group members are encouraged to use direct quotes from the text to support the ideas they share with their group . Which of the following best describes the teacher's motivation for choosing books based on the current focus of their social studies curriculum ?

The cross - curricular focus will both provide students with applicable background information for the text and extend their understanding of the topics being discussed in social studies .

Mrs. Lewis is a bilingual teacher and frequently encourages her students ' parents to talk a lot with their children at home whether during chores , daily tasks , or shopping to help build their children's vocabulary . A parent contacts Mrs. Lewis wondering how increased conversation will help their child read . Which of the following would be the most appropriate response by Mrs. Lewis ?

The development of a student's language skills are intertwined , and increasing the student's vocabulary will allow students to recognize more words while reading

A reading teacher has designed a lesson focused on skimming and scanning texts for significant features . What is the purpose of developing this skill ?

This skill will help students locate information more quickly .

For a student just beginning to learn English , what would be the advantages of using visuals and having the student point to pictures or act out vocabulary words ?

This strategy allows a student who cannot yet speak English to learn vocabulary and gain confidence .

How does identifying transition words help readers construct meaning ?

Transition words clarify how ideas relate to one another .

The campus administrator wants the ELL students to take a standardized test that covers basic reading skills . The test will be translated from English into each student's native language . Which of the following would best explain why such a test is unlikely to yield accurate results ?

Translations from English to a native language cannot account for cultural differences which can lead to confusion among students .

One of Ms. Landers ' 4th - grade students is high achieving and enthusiastic about school . She becomes frustrated when not called on to answer questions and is known to take over when working collaboratively in groups . How can Ms. Landers best support this student along with the rest of the class ?

Use role - playing games to model positive small and whole group interactions while also finding opportunities for this student to take an active leadership role in the class .

Which of the following is the most appropriate way for an elementary teacher to use technology in the process of a student choosing an independent reading book ?

With teacher and / or library training and oversight , students can use search functions on computers to find books in their school library that relate to their interests .

Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for a student who continues to struggle to learn . how to read grade - level texts fluently ?

Working with a reading specialist daily to practice decoding skills and reading strategies .

In order to practice the drafting stage of the writing process , a teacher might ask her students to do which of the following activities ?

Write for five minutes about a teacher - designated topic without worrying about structure or grammar .

Which of the following syllable types is the first syllable of the word " excellent " ?

a closed syllable

A dialect is different from a standard language in all of these ways except :

a dialect blends words and structures of multiple standard languages .

Mr. Kirkpatrick is beginning a unit on morphology with his third - grade class . In order for his students to be most successful in using and manipulating morphemes , he should begin his unit with which activity ?

a review of basic morphemes like / ing / , / s / , or / ed /

As the first semester ends , a third - grade teacher is adjusting her lesson plans for spring by working on an outline of skills to cover in whole - group instruction . Which of the following should the teacher use to guide these revised lesson plans ?

all of the above Informal assessments , formal assessments , and state curriculum standards should all be considered when planning future instruction .

Which of the following texts would be the most likely to contain a bar graph ?

an article discussing graduation rates in local school districts

In order to support his student's development of word recognition skills , the teacher should strive to develop their abilities in which of the following areas ?

application of phonics generalizations

Which of the following methods could be used to test a student's decoding abilities ?

asking a student to read a grade level paragraph aloud

A second - grade teacher is reassessing her classroom routines and practices to ensure that she is dedicating enough time to activities that will help build reading fluency in her students . Which of the following activities is not supporting her goal of improving student reading fluency ?

asking students to summarize the stories they read in class either verbally or in writing

A third - grade class is working on an Earth Science unit . The teacher has students read a series of articles on topics that will be covered throughout the unit . Within the articles are bolded vocabulary words the students will be tested over at the end of the semester . In order to help students familiarize themselves with these words , the teacher tells them to make a Frayer model in their notebooks for each word they are expected to know . The teacher creates the following model with the students while introducing the activity : Frayer models such as the one above help students learn vocabulary words by :

asking them to define words in multiple ways .

A 5th - grade teacher has set aside time to listen one - on - one to a student read a text aloud . She documents both how long it took for the student to read the piece and how many errors the student made . What was the most likely purpose of this activity ?

assess the student's reading fluency

Which TWO strategies can be used to assess a student's reading comprehension skills ? Select all answers that apply .

assigning a short essay question which requires students to include three details from the text asking a student to identify the main idea of a story that the teacher read aloud

Which TWO strategies can be used to assess a student's reading comprehension skills ? Select all answers that apply .

assigning a short essay question which requires students to include three details from the text asking a student to identify the main idea of a story that the teacher read aloud

A third - grade student has mastered decoding individual words , but his oral reading is slow , which keeps him from grasping the meaning of the text . When the teacher encourages him to read to the class , he says he is " ashamed " and wants to complete the assignment by himself . Which of the following approaches would best differentiate the reading lesson and help the student improve his overall reading fluency ?

assigning the student a text at his independent reading level and allowing him to read it quietly to himself before discussing it with others

A kindergarten teacher assesses a student by asking questions based on scenarios . The teacher says , " Listen to me as I say some words very slowly . If I say / c // at / , you know the word is ' cat ' . What would the word be if I said / d // og / ? " What skill is this teacher assessing ?

blending phonemes

Which of the following skills is NOT assessed using a reading assessment focused solely on oral fluency ?

comprehension

In order to help students learn to use metacognitive strategies during reading , a teacher should :

conduct a think - aloud while reading , focusing on asking questions and making predictions .

A first - grade teacher would like to model metacognitive reading strategies with her students . Which of the following activities would be best for the teacher to implement to accomplish this goal ?

conducting a think aloud in which the teacher reads the text orally stopping along the way to ask questions and model making predictions

Which instructional strategy would be most appropriate when teaching students to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words when reading a short story ?

contextual analysis

A student is attempting to determine the pronunciation and meaning of a word while reading a sentence . Which of the following could help with this unfamiliar word ? Select all answers that apply .

contextual analysis structural analysis

A student who is typically a strong reader and specifically loves to read fiction narratives struggles more with content specific informative texts . The teacher regularly implements pre - reading and during - reading activities for the class as a whole , but which of the following strategies would be the most helpful for this specific student when reading the more challenging informative texts ?

decrease reading rate

While reading , a student comes across the unknown word " sanitize . " He notices in the sentence the words " dirty , " " but , " and " now clean . " He determines that sanitize must be the opposite of dirty . Which strategy did he use to define the unknown word ?

defining meaning from context clues

A student comes across the unknown word " resurface " while reading a story taking place on a lake . She thinks about how " surface " means top of the lake and determines that " resurface " must mean coming up to the top again . Which strategy did she use to define the unknown word ?

defining meaning from structural clues and morphology

When choosing vocabulary words for his fifth - grade students , a teacher has been purposefully selecting academic and high - frequency words . He already has various strategies and routine activities in place to facilitate the use of and interaction with high - frequency words He is now focused on expanding his students ' experiences with the academic vocabulary specifically Which of the following would best support this goal ?

deliberately using the new academic vocabulary terms in questions and activities outside of reading instruction

When choosing vocabulary words for his fifth - grade students , a teacher has been purposefully selecting academic and high - frequency words . He already has various strategies and routine activities in place to facilitate the use of and interaction with high - frequency words . He is now focused on expanding his students ' experiences with the academic vocabulary specifically . Which of the following would best support this goal ?

deliberately using the new academic vocabulary terms in questions and activities outside of reading instruction .

Ms. Rowl teaches a fourth - grade class that contains several students who are English Language Learners . After assessment of these students , Ms. Rowl has been told that she needs to provide extra help for these students with syntax . Her class is one of mixed ability , and she has realized from ongoing assessments that other students also need help in this area . This means that she will provide additional instruction and time on helping students :

develop sentences and phrases from grouping words appropriately , according to conventional English standards . hold class discussions that are realistic and on a variety of topics of interest to all students . speak orally , either to a small group or to a partner . all of the above

An ELL student who is new to the United States might be surprised to learn that people use different words to describe the same thing , such as yard sale vs. garage sale , tennis shoes vs. sneakers , and garbage can vs. trash can , across the country . These differences in word choice can be attributed to variations in :

dialect

Samar is a student who recently moved from India to the Gulf Coast of Alabama in the United States . His native language is Hindi , but he also learned English in school and considers himself proficient in both languages . He is surprised to find that he does not always fully understand what his teachers and classmates are saying . Samar's gaps in understanding are likely due to variation in :

dialect

Mrs. Smithers has just completed a beginning - of - the - year assessment of her student's reading fluency skills . The results revealed that she has students with reading skills ranging from significantly below grade - level to above grade - level . To accommodate these different skill levels , Mrs. Smithers should :

differentiate instruction , offering both remediation and enrichment .

A second - grade student has shown strength in memorizing sight words and reading common , familiar words in books , but she consistently struggles with unfamiliar words even if they are decodable . Based on her specific challenge , in which of the following skills does she require further instruction ?

direct phonics instruction

A teacher provides students with a set of word cards . The teacher models how she can put two cards together to make one new word . She holds up the card blue and berry to create blueberry . The class is instructed to use their cards to individually come up with 10 new , real words . Once everyone has 10 words , they can choose a partner to use four of their new words in a sentence . The teacher then asks for volunteers to share one of their sentences with the class . This word - generating activity will benefit students in which area ?

easily decoding compound words while reading

A young child is writing strings of letters that do not spell any actual words . This child is in which stage of writing development ?

emergent stage

A 5th - grade class is provided a list of 10 vocabulary words selected from the new class novel that they will soon begin and read over the next several weeks . Not only will the students discover these words as they read , but they will also participate in various activities where they are expected to use the words in writing and use the words conversation Additionally , the teacher has planned several creative activities and games embedded into the unit to provide for further exploration of the words . How could the teacher improve this plan for vocabulary instruction ?

facilitate student selection of vocabulary words

A second - grade teacher works to foster a love of reading in her students . She helps to ensure that students always have access to books in class and at home for independent reading . She also reads books aloud to her class daily , provides time for students to share books they love , and takes her class to check out books at the library each week . Which of the following should the teacher do to further encourage lifelong readers in her class ?

find opportunities to model herself independently reading , such as sharing thoughts about books that she loves

A first - grade teacher tells her students to pick out a book from the library specifically to be taken home with instructions to ask a parent or older sibling to read it aloud to them . After reading , the student and their parent or sibling will discuss a few questions asking them to identify the main problem and determine if and how it was resolved . Which of the following would this homework assignment promote ? Select all answers that apply .

fluency development plot analysis

After observing that a student is not a fluent reader , the teacher should first :

formally assess the student's reading fluency to identify possible causes .

After giving a lesson on simple sentences , Mr. Hummel posts a single review question and he asks the students to answer this question on an exit slip before heading off to lunch . What form of assessment is Mr. Hummel using ?

formative

An English teacher ends each class with an exit ticket of 1-4 short questions related to the topics discussed in class that day . Students write their responses on sticky notes and place them on the teacher's door before leaving the classroom . The teacher reviews all notes and uses students responses to determine warm - up activities for the next day of class . Which of the following methods of assessing student understanding is being used ?

formative assessment

A kindergarten teacher has implemented reading instruction to help students master the basics of phonological awareness , phonics , and print awareness . Instruction is systematic and explicit , and the teacher presents skills in an order consistent with the developmental reading continuum . To best meet the instructional needs of each student throughout the year , the teacher should :

frequently assess each student's reading development and adjust instruction accordingly .

As part of systematic and explicit reading instruction , teachers should be sure to do which of the following to ensure that students do not fall behind or develop severe reading difficulties ?

frequently assess reading development and provide remediation when needed

A classroom teacher divides the class into pairs and gives each student a folder containing a picture of a recognizable person like a fireman or a doctor . They do not show the picture to their partner and describe the image in detail until their partner is able to correctly identify the person . Which of the following describes one of the goals of this lesson ?

further developing oral language and listening skills

A third - grade teacher is introducing a unit on plants . Part of the unit plan calls for students to read complex texts on the topic , many of which contain unfamiliar vocabulary words . The teacher takes the students on a nature walk to sketch several types of plants and talk about their favorite ones . The teacher also takes the class out to the school vegetable garden to discuss the differences and similarities between the different plants . These pre - reading activities will help the students :

gain additional background knowledge before reading the texts .

A third - grade teacher provides ongoing assessment for various listening activities that are going on in her classroom , since she clearly understands the importance of effective listening . What are some of the key purposes of effective listening ?

gain new information , solve problems , and / or increase the students ' own enjoyment

A third grade teacher provides ongoing assessment for various listening activities that are going on in her classroom , since she clearly understands the importance of effective listening . What are some of the key purposes of effective listening ? O

gain new information , solve problems , and / or increase the students ' own enjoyment

A third - grade teacher has just taught a lesson on identifying and describing the setting when reading a story . Which of the following activities could be used as a formative assessment to assess this new skill at the end of class ?

giving students a one - page story and asking them to describe the setting in one sentence

A second - grade class is halfway through a class novel . The teacher is designing a formative assessment to determine each student's ability to make a prediction . Which of the following approaches should the teacher take when designing the assessment ?

have students guess what happens next in the text and provide support with text evidence

Mrs. Radcliffe , a first - grade teacher , wants to support her students ' vocabulary development . Which of the following activities would best support her students vocabulary development ?

have students listen to a fictional story and an informational text that use the same vocabulary

A third - grade teacher administers a fluency benchmark halfway through the year and notices several students in the class are reading in the 80th percentile or above when it comes to Words Correct Per Minute ( WCPM ) . However , when reading out loud , this same group of students reads without proper inflection or phrasing . Which of the following strategies should the teacher implement in order to help these students ?

have students participate in reader's theatre several times per week

A teacher notices that a number of her students are able to either correctly identify the number of phonemes in a spoken word or correctly identify a written word . Few students are able to both decode and encode seamlessly . Which activity below could the teacher use to help students practice decoding and encoding ?

having students complete phoneme - grapheme maps for high - frequency words

Mr. Harper wants to assess his students ' reading fluency by listening to each student orally read a section from a selected text . Which of the following would NOT be a good indicator for Mr. Harper to use in assessing the students ' reading fluency ?

how clearly students are able to pronounce words according to the norms of standard English

A fourth - grade teacher is sending home information regarding the results of her students ' first fluency assessments of the school year . Read the template for the letter being sent to the parents or guardians of students who are reading on grade level with no fluency issues . Dear Parent or Guardian , This week , your student received results for their first fluency assessment of the year . With a score of ____________ your student is reading at an appropriate level for their grade . Fluency is a key component of reading comprehension , and to support continued growth in both comprehension and fluency , please continue encouraging your student to read each night . This reading can alternate between independent reading , being read to , and reading aloud to you or a sibling . Please feel free to contact me with any questions . Sincerely Ms. Smith What important information has this teacher failed to include in this communication ?

how reading fluency was assessed

When considering fine motor skills and writing , students need to be taught which of the following ? Select all answers that apply .

how to hold a pencil where on the paper to begin writing how to properly space letters and words

A 5th - grade teacher writes the morpheme audi on the board , says it correctly , and says that audi comes from the Latin word for " hear . " The teacher asks students to call out words that begin with or have audi as part of their spelling . As they respond , the teacher makes the graphic organizer below . Audible Auditorium Audition {Audi ( hear )} Audiovisual Audience

how to use prefixes and suffixes to assist with spelling and defining words .

Brandon is having a difficult time reading the word " slippery " and soon after asks for help with the word " underneath . " Which of the following strategies would best support Brandon learning to decode these and other multisyllabic words independently ?

identify the different syllables of the word by circling them and then sounding out the word by syllables

A fourth - grade English Language Arts teacher , Mr. Menchaca is being questioned by a few parents about the amount of time he spends on a daily basis reading aloud to his students . They want more independent reading time Mr. Menchaca communicates to parents on a regular basis with an email newsletter . In this week's newsletter , he explains many of the positive effects of reading aloud to children . Which of the following should Mr. Menchaca list Select all answers that apply .

improving their listening skills , including listening for specific purposes and literary forms increasing their vocabulary development gaining new information .

After her students take an important exam , Ms. Lesley always sends them home with a document explaining their assessment results for their parents . Which of the following can be done to ensure that non - native parents understand the results ? Select all that apply : Select all answers that apply .

including charts and graphs on the document providing a translated version of the document

A second - grade teacher has the long - term goal for their students to read grade - level texts with sufficient accuracy . and fluency to support comprehension , a state learning standard . Which of the following is not an example of a short - term goal that would serve as a scaffold for this long - term goal ?

increasing student reading levels by one grade level

The morphemes -ed , -er , -est , -ing , and -s are examples of : Select all answers that apply .

inflectional morphemes . affixes .

A third - grade student reads below grade level , and the teacher is planning how to best support her fluency development within the upcoming week's lesson plans . Which of the following would best support this student ?

instructing the student to " whisper read " a book on her independent reading level during independent reading time

A third - grade class is beginning a new unit on space . The teacher hands a group of above - level readers an article about Mars rovers and asks students to silently read the text and answer a few comprehension questions afterward . Upon reviewing the students ' answers , Ms. Maricel discovers that many students did not understand the main concepts of the text , and many are confused about the ideas presented in the article . What should Ms. Maricel have done prior to assigning the reading in order to aid student comprehension of the text ?

introduce and review any tier - three vocabulary terms in the text

A teacher asks her first - grade class to write a sentence that describes the day's weather . Of the provided examples , which is showing the earliest stage of writing development ?

it is sny tda

Which of the following is a reading difficulty that frequently contributes to fluency issues ?

lacking background knowledge weak decoding skills unfamiliarity with syntax

Which of the following descriptions best describes the linguistic term language acquisition ?

learning a first or second language as a process , either piece by piece , or through a total immersive experience

Which of the following is most important for a teacher to consider when selecting a text for a group of students to read ?

level of readability

The most effective strategy to enhance a first - grade student's ability in following oral directions would be :

listing the order of learning center activities and instructions before the class begins the activities .

A kindergarten teacher is reading a story to the class . While she reads , she pauses to point to details in the illustration . She tells students to look at the picture and asks , " How does the character feel , and how do you know ? " By asking these questions , the teacher is assessing whether or not the students can :

make inferences .

A second - grade teacher seats students in partners according to ability levels . Each pair receives one of three differentiated fictional texts . After they have had an opportunity to read the story , each pair completes the sentence stems below . Then , the teacher holds a whole group discussion in which the students share their findings . This story reminds me of a time when ____________. I felt like that character when __________. If I were that character I would ___________. I am like ________ , ( character name ) because we both __________ • If ______________ happened to me I would ___________. These sentence stems prompt students to :

make textual connections .

Conducting a structural analysis would be the best strategy for students to use to decipher the meaning of which of the following words ?

mislead

Which of the following activities best promotes students understanding of how oral language relates to literacy ?

modeling the writing of words or phrases

Mr. Jameson notices that one of his English learners almost always adds the suffix " ion " when he wants to change a word to a noun , often resulting in made - up words . This student could use some extra practice with :

morphology .

" Sick " by Shel Silverstein ( 1 ) " I cannot go to school today , " ( 2 ) Said little Peggy Ann McKay . ( 2 ) " I have the measles and the mumps , ( 3 ) A gash , a rash and purple bumps . ( 4 ) My mouth is wet , my throat is dry , ( 5 ) I'm going blind in my right eye . ( 6 ) My tonsils are as big as rocks , ( 7 ) I've counted sixteen chicken pox ( 8 ) And there's one more -- that's seventeen , ( 9 ) And don't you think my face looks green ? ( 10 ) My leg is cut -- my eyes are blue- ( 11 ) It might be instamatic flu . ( 12 ) I cough and sneeze and gasp and choke , ( 13 ) I'm sure that my left leg is broke- ( 14 My hip hurts when I move my chin , ( 15 ) My belly button's caving in , ( 16 ) My back is wrenched , my ankle's sprained , ( 17 ) My ' pendix pains each time it rains . ( 18 ) My nose is cold , my toes are numb . ( 19 ) I have a sliver in my thumb . ( 20 ) My neck is stiff , my voice is weak , ( 21 ) I hardly whisper when I speak . ( 22 ) My tongue is filling up my mouth , ( 23 ) I think my hair is falling out . ( 24 ) My elbow's bent , my spine ain't straight , ( 25 ) My temperature is one - o - eight ( 26 ) My brain is shrunk , I cannot hear , 27 ) There is a hole inside my ear . ( 28 ) I have a hangnail , and my heart is -- what ? ( 29 ) What's that ? What's that you say ? ( 30 ) You say today is ... Saturday ? ( 31 ) G'bye , I'm going out to play ! " Which of the following is an example of a simile ?

my tonsils are as big as rocks

Mr. Parks records a short sample of his students reading the same passage . He listens to all student recordings and takes notes . When it is time to assign grades , he assigns a 100 % to the student who read the passage with the least errors , and continues to grade by comparing the rest of the class to the student who received the highest mark . What type of assessment is Mr. Parks using ?

norm - referenced

Which of the following are acceptable resources to verify the meaning of unfamiliar words ? Select all answers that apply .

online dictionary glossary print dictionary

Which of the following is most important in promoting reading comprehension across all content areas ?

oral reading fluency

Amanda is a first - grade student learning to read and is practicing the following words in her reading this week : slide hate pine crime lane nope After learning these words , Amanda is able to read the words " slime , " " fate , " and " rode " simply by visually recognizing the pattern . Which of the following best describes the processing system that Amanda is using to apply her learning to the new words ?

orthographic

A fifth grade teacher has collected three different news articles about a recent space shuttle launch , each at a different reading level in order to support differentiation . Which of the following writing activities would NOT be suited to support student comprehension of this kind of text ?

paraphrasing randomly assigned paragraphs from the article

Assessment data will periodically need to be shared with stakeholders . Specifically for state - mandated assessment , who of the following options would be considered a stakeholder and therefore be provided assessment data ?

parents colleagues community members all of the above

When students take turns reading appropriate - level texts with a fellow student , which of the following strategies is being used ?

partner reading

What types of passages should a teacher assign when choosing texts for students to read aloud and practice reading fluency ?

passages that will likely have 2-5 unfamiliar words out of 100 the student may encounter

A student reads the following sentence aloud . I went to the dentist yesterday . He asked me to open my mouth very wide . It did not hurt Which of the following pronunciation mistakes represents an error decoding vowel digraphs ?

paused to attempt to read yesterday before skipping the word entirely

Return to course Which type of essay is intended to convince the reader of a particular position or point of view ?

persuasive

A kindergarten student is able to correctly identify all 26 letters and their sounds . She recognizes and creates rhymes , and can usually identify the first letter of objects or names when she hears the words spoken aloud . Despite these skills , she is still struggling to decode simple words , while most of the class has transitioned into using their decoding and sight - word skills to read simple books . The teacher is planning strategic reading intervention to support this student . Which of the following skills should the teacher plan to begin working on with this student ?

phoneme blending

The statement , " Ask students to recall a time when they felt disappointed and what they did to feel better " is most appropriate in which of the following sections of a kindergarten language arts lesson plan ?

pre - reading strategy

An English teacher is teaching a group of beginner English Language Learners ( ELLS ) common school vocabulary ( pencil , book , chair ) and useful phrases ( " May I use the restroom ? " ) . She has been pointing to the vocabulary words , saying them , and then having the students repeat them back orally and write them in their notebooks . The students seem to be getting words confused when they try to use them in the classroom environment . Which of the following support strategies would be most appropriate to help students internalize and use the vocabulary they are learning ?

provide pictures of each vocabulary word and sentence stems for writing and speaking

An English teacher is teaching a group of beginner English Language Learners ( ELLS ) common school vocabulary ( pencil , book , chair ) and useful phrases ( " May I use the restroom ? " ) . She has been pointing to the vocabulary words , saying them , and then having the students repeat them back orally and write them in their notebooks The students seem to be getting words confused when they try to use them in the classroom environment . Which of the following support strategies would be most appropriate to help students internalize and use the vocabulary they are learning ?

provide pictures of each vocabulary word and sentence stems for writing and speaking

In order to best assess students ' understanding of multimedia and communication skills , teachers should : Select all answers that apply .

provide students with opportunities to interact and demonstrate command of various types of visual media . utilize multiple formative and summative assessments .

A third - grade classroom includes several students who are English Language Learners ( ELLS ) . The students are reading a novel , and the teacher has introduced a list of vocabulary words on a bulletin board . The ELL students are not currently reading on grade level . Which of the following strategies could help them to learn the vocabulary words ? Select all answers that apply .

provide translated versions of the vocabulary words pair the vocabulary word with a picture and simple definition

A third - grade classroom includes several students who are English Language Learners ( ELLS ) . The students are reading a novel , and the teacher has introduced a list of vocabulary words on a bulletin board . The ELL students are not currently reading on grade level . Which of the following strategies could help them to learn the vocabulary words Select all answers that apply .

provide translated versions of the vocabulary words pair the vocabulary word with a picture and simple definition

After her students take an important exam , Ms. Lesley always sends them home with a document explaining their assessment results for their parents . Which of the following can be done to ensure that non - native parents understand the results ? Select all that apply : Select all answers that apply .

providing a translated version of the document including charts and graphs on the document

A teacher conducts a focused series of phonics lessons . Before the lessons , she has students read a series of words and records their answers . Next , the teacher and students read a decodable text that practices the target phonics skills . The teacher provides direct instruction on decoding the specific phonemes and phonetic analysis skills needed . After these activities , the teacher quizzes students individually with words that utilize the target phonics skill . She shows them a word card and asks them to read the word . The teacher compares the student's pre- and post - performance on a chart . The following is an example of one student's results . Based on the student's posttest performance , what is the most appropriate action for the teacher to take with regard to the student's mastery of the topic ?

providing additional lessons in consonant blends

A fourth - grade teacher is evaluating various policies for checking out books from her classroom library . What should be her primary goal when establishing this policy ?

providing easy access to books without ridgid times limits for how long a student can keep a book and / or limiting the type or level of books a student borrows

While reading a scientific article , a class of fifth - grade students completed a series of Frayer models on unfamiliar vocabulary words they encountered . To complete a Frayer model , students write the vocabulary word in the center , and then fill the surrounding rectangles with the definition , pictures of examples and non - examples , and a sentence using the word . Each student completed a different number of Frayer models depending on how many new vocabulary words they learned from the article . This activity will improve students ' vocabulary knowledge by

providing opportunities for students to work with the new words in a variety of ways .

Which of the following is the biggest benefit of requiring oral presentations for students ?

providing practice in pronouncing clearly , controlling grammar , and clarifying information

How can a fourth - grade teacher indirectly expose her students to content - specific vocabulary that they will need in their upcoming unit as a part of indirect and direct vocabulary instruction over the terms ?

purposefully and frequently use the terms in class

Aspects of a text that can only be measured by a reader ( e.g. meaning , purpose , structure , and knowledge demands ) are what type of complexity measure ?

qualitative

Mrs. Loucks is planning a unit on argumentative writing . In which order should she present the information to students to ensure they are the most successful while composing their assignments ?

read example papers , teach thesis statements , discuss finding and citing sources review outlining , review the writing process , write rough drafts , publish final drafts .

Mr. Blaschke wants to develop his students ' fluency while reading . Which activity would best help him achieve this goal ?

read short excerpts of poetry , demonstrating how to pause and add proper inflection

Mr. Hernandez is concerned about his son's reading fluency . He feels that his son has a solid understanding of English , strong grammar , and a limited accent , and he doesn't understand why reading is so difficult for him . His ESL teacher explains to Mr. Hernandez that reading fluency takes time , and while the factors that he mentioned are important , the three components of fluency that his son needs to work on are :

reading accuracy , automaticity , and prosody .

A student reads the following sentence aloud I went to the dentist yesterday . He asked me to open my mouth very wide . It did not hurt . Which of the following pronunciation mistakes represents an error decoding vowel digraphs ?

reading mouth as moth

Systematic and explicit reading instruction is necessary because :

reading skills are scaffolded , build in complexity , and rely on mastery of earlier skills .

Texas Math A fourth - grade teacher has assigned the independent reading of a section from the social studies textbook in order to evaluate her students ' ability to comprehend informative nonfiction texts Of the various reading comprehension skills , which of the following will be specifically important for comprehending this text ?

recalling key details from the text

A student who truly understands and knows a vocabulary word should be able to : Select all answers that apply .

recognize when a word is used incorrectly . spell and define the word . use the word in multiple contexts and manipulate the word into different form

Over the past few weeks , a fourth - grader who reads on grade level has chosen independent reading books from a young adult series that is not advancing his vocabulary or comprehension skills . Which of the following approaches should the teacher take ?

recommending some more advanced books for the student that are in the same genre the student has picked out

The development of reading comprehension skills is important in elementary students . Which of the following is the LEAST important strategy in promoting reading comprehension among elementary students ?

relate oral language to semantics

Which of the following words contain a closed syllable ? Select all answers that apply .

request and pan

Which of the following best describes a way that a teacher could use student writing to develop new vocabulary ?

requiring students to use the editing process to intentionally vary the vocabulary used in the piece of writing .

A sixth - grade teacher assessed a student's reading level at the beginning of the school year and found that the student was reading on a fifth - grade level . The student was assessed again at the end of first semester and continued to read on a fifth grade level , but with improved fluency and fewer sound errors . When assessing the student during the third quarter , the teacher found that the student was now reading at a 5.5 grade level with improved fluency and zero sound errors . Which of the following techniques is being used to assess the student ?

running record

A fourth - grade teacher incorporates reading fiction and nonfiction passages aloud to her class regularly . When she reads a particularly dense or confusing paragraph , she will comment on it to the class , something like , " Whoa , that was a lot of information . " Then she will try to paraphrase and go back to reread if necessary . What skill is the teacher modeling for her students ?

self - monitoring

When ELL students hear phrases such as , " It's raining cats and dogs outside , " or " This is just a drop in the bucket , " they may be confused , as they probably need to have specific instruction in :

semantics .

A first - grade student writes the following sentence on the board : " Mi dg lks mi hnd " but means " my dog licks my hand . " Which of the following does the student's sentence best demonstrate ?

semiphonetic spelling

Lisa is struggling to comprehend grade - level texts during independent reading and her oral reading is jerky and irregular . Mr. Harris wants to improve Lisa's reading comprehension . Which of the following instructional strategies should Mr. Harris focus on ?

sight - word automaticity

While listening to a student read , teacher records the following errors in pronunciation . Student Pronunciation Based on the errors in all three words , the student is struggling with which phonics pattern ?

silent letters .

A first - grade student is struggling to decode words containing multiple syllables . While investigating what could be causing the problem , the teacher notices that she is able to read and spell single - syllable words accurately most of the time . What skill should the teacher revisit to help improve this student's decoding skills ?

structural analysis

During a decoding exercise , a first - grade teacher noticed a student could not decode new words when particular suffixes were added to the word . This student would most benefit from which of the following instruction ?

structural analysis

A third - grade teacher is making several learning stations in the classroom . The stations will consist of partner reading independent reading , and vocabulary practice . Which of the following groups of students should the teacher be sure to seat at the independent reading station ?

students who can automatically recognize words

Which of the following best describes the segment " able " in " unforgettable . "

suffix

A student in a third - grade class is attempting to determine the meaning of the word " scrawny " in the following sentence . There was Sam , ten years old with long , skinny legs and equally scrawny arms , but he had a smile that lit up any room he walked into . Which of the following would best support the student in an attempt to infer the word's meaning ?

syntactic analysis

A teacher reads a non - fiction passage aloud to her class . She occasionally stops and asks questions that relate the text to concepts taught in the previous week . The students are using the skill known as :

synthesizing .

Which of the following best describes the elements students must have a clear understanding of before beginning a writing assignment ?

task , purpose , and intended audience

A fifth - grade teacher is introducing a new history unit on early American colonization She assigns students an introductory article to read aloud in pairs . While walking around the room , she notices oral fluency levels are low . Which of the following steps should the teacher take immediately to address this issue ?

teach students the specialized vocabulary words included within the article

When students self - select books , the teacher requires them to use the five finger rule . Which of the following goals the teacher most likely trying to achieve ?

teach students to independently assess the readability level of a text

A few times a week , a fifth - grade teacher reads a complex informational text with a small group of students . One day , a student says , " When I read from the top to the bottom of the page , I don't always remember what it said . " The best way for the teacher to help this student would be to :

teach the student self - monitoring text strategies such as rereading and notetaking .

Which of these abilities is the weakest connection between strong oral language skills and strong writing abilities ?

the ability to decode new words in a text

Ms. Hardy demonstrates the five finger rule to her students and explains how to use the rule to select the students ' independent reading material . Which of the following is Ms. Hardy most likely trying to develop in her students ?

the ability to gauge the readability level of texts

A third - grade teacher is facilitating literature circles for her class with books that tie into their current social studies unit . The class will be allowed to choose a title from a set of books that she has pre - selected . The teacher introduces each option by showing the front cover , reading the title , and reading the back of the book . Once students choose their book and begin reading it , they will be given opportunities to meet with other students who are reading the same book . All group members are encouraged to use direct quotes from the text to support the ideas they share with their group . Which of the following would be most important for a student to consider when choosing their book from the provided options ?

the book's readability using the 5 finger test

What s meant by purpose with regards to writing instruction ?

the intention for writing

Mr. Rogers class is studying a unit on law , and they watch a video with the following dialogue : Lawyer 1 : " I object . " Judge : " Your objection is overruled . Please proceed . " Lawyer 2 : " Thank you . Witness , can you please resume the stand ? " The ELLs might have trouble understanding the dialogue due to :

the jargon .

A third - grade teacher assigns students an expository text to read with a set of five questions . More than half the class misses the same question about the article's main idea Which of the following topics should the teacher cover to help students with this concept ?

the purpose of titles , subtitles , and topic sentences

Excerpt from My Father Tried to Kill Me With an Alligator , a memoir by Harrison Scott Key In the summer of 1987 , my father tried to murder me with an alligator . He was always doing fun stuff like that , to see if we would die . Sometimes , he tried to murder us with other things , like gasoline , when we'd say to our Pop , " The leaves won't burn . " In rural Mississippi , my brother and I were always burning things like leaves and garbage and carcasses , and sometimes he told us to put gas on the fire , because he believed a fire could teach boys about life . Sometimes , he tried to murder us with recreational watercraft . This happened on our way to fish in the Pearl River , where he enjoyed piloting our Venture bass boat at speeds typically reserved for cosmonaut training . He'd cut perpendicular across the wake launching skyward , the bow of our glittering boat pitched so high that it's obscure the rising sun , and we'd slam back down on the water so hard it felt like we'd landed on the interstate . To this day , I cannot injure my coccyx without thinking fondly of the man . Which of the following qualitative factors would affect the difficulty of reading this memoir for fourth grade students ?

the use of figurative language and new vocabulary

Students in a fourth - grade classroom are having difficulty with their oral language skills . The teacher provides the students with many opportunities to speak aloud in order to develop these skills . The teacher does this for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

to create situations where students can develop schema .

Following a lesson on how to write clear and concise summaries , a fifth - grade teacher asks her class to write a summary on their own using a short story that they had read together and discussed the previous class day . The students were asked to use resources from the previous day including the text itself and a plot diagram that they had completed together . The teacher will then analyze the student summaries . Which of the following best describes how the teacher can use the results of this summary activity ?

to plan for future summary instruction

Ms. Johnson has implemented small , homogeneous , intervention groups in her class to provide instruction to students who have similar needs . This allows Ms. Johnson to invite individual students to join the group to work on a specific set of skills . Which of the following would be the best use of these intervention groups by Ms. Johnson ?

to provide instruction to a minority of students who have not demonstrated mastery of a specific content objective

Why is it important for students to incorporate text evidence into their writing responses ?

to support their conclusions .

While reading a piece of fiction writing , a teacher asks her class to select a short passage and rewrite the story from a different character's point of view . What is the most likely goal of this writing activity ?

to understand how perspective and point of view impact a text

Mr. Rose has two students who are struggling with writing in his fourth - grade class . He has them write two sentences which he dictates to them . From these papers , he checks their spelling and writing development . Which skill would NOT be assessed by the checking of these writing / spelling papers ?

understanding of expository text

Inferential comprehension is when a reader :

understands information that is not stated explicitly .

Which of the following words should a teacher use to demonstrate structural analysis for word identification ?

unknown

A third - grade teacher writes the following sentence on the board : Despite being the last to use the bathroom pass , the student emphatically denied being the one that lost it . She asks the students to write down the meaning of the word emphatically without looking it up in the dictionary . How does the teacher expect the students to determine the word's meaning ?

use context clues to predict the word's meaning

To support vocabulary development , which of the following activities would be particularly helpful to English Language Learners when assigning a text related to a new instructional unit ?

use visual images when pre - teaching unit vocabulary

Mrs. Jones is teaching her students how to use graphic organizers to assist with understanding different texts . Which of the following would be the least effective activity ?

using a timeline to show the sequence of events in a persuasive text

A first - grade teacher is reading aloud from an instructional text on the life cycle of a butterfly . During the reading , she stops to think - aloud with the goal of teaching the class a specific reading skill . Here is an excerpt of the think aloud with the teacher's dialogue in italics . There are four parts to the life cycle of a butterfly . First , a butterfly lays an ovum , or egg , on a leaf . I wonder what an " ovum " is . I'm going to reread the sentence before and look at the phrases around the word to see if I can figure it out . The word " egg " is right after , and that makes sense . The butterfly chooses a plant that can provide the larvae with food . Once born , the tiny caterpillar starts eating and molts its skin often . I wonder what the word " larvae " means . After reading before and after the word , it seems like the next sentence calls the " larvae " a " tiny caterpillar " You might see pieces of skin coming off the larvae as it grows . Then , the larvae forms a pupa , or chrysalis . Inside the chrysalis , the pupa is growing into a butterfly . Finally , the chrysalis opens and a beautiful butterfly emerges to dry its wings and fly away . I wonder if a pupa and a chrysalis are the same thing ? It seems like the words are used close together and that they both mean the home where the butterfly grows . While conducting this think - aloud , the teacher is modeling which aspect of textual analysis ?

using context clues

Beyond word memorization , students must learn to read new words using which of the following skills ? Select all answers that apply .

using structural cues such as prefixes , suffixes , and roots using decoding skills using context clues

A standard language is the language :

utilized and accepted by formal institutions , like governments .

Teaching students to use contextual analysis when reading unfamiliar words is likely to help their accuracy by helping the student :

verify the accuracy of their reading by considering the word's meaning within the sentence .

Which of the following word sets would best support a lesson on structural analysis ?

visit , revisit , visitor , visiting

For a warm - up activity each morning , a teacher will post a word in front of the class . In response to the word , the students must write a synonym and an antonym , provide a student - created definition , and use the word in a sentence . Which of the following skills is the teacher most likely trying to promote using this warm - up activity ?

vocabulary

Word consciousness instruction works to foster a love of words . Which of the following instructional strategies would NOT generally be thought to serve this purpose ?

weekly vocabulary list assignments and assessments