Elimination

Metamucil, fibercon, and citrucel

3 bulk-forming laxatives -m________ -f________ -cit_______

magnesium citrate; milk of magnesium; golytey

5 saline osmotics: -m_________ -m______ _____ ______ -miralax -consilax -g___________

viruses; medications

Acute and persistent diarrheas are frequently caused by Chronic diarrhea are frequently caused by

increased; decreased; alcohol; western

Causes of BPH: -_______ estrogen -_____ testosterone -heavy ______ consumption -HTN -______ diet

infection; immobility; calcium

Certain factors favor the formation of stones, including i_________, urinary stasis, and periods of im________, all of which slow kidney drainage and alter ________ metabolism

urgency; dribbling; urine

Clinical Manifestations of BPH: -u__________ -d__________ -weak _____ flow -hesitancy -nocturia

1-2; 2-4; 4

Diarrhea can be classified as acute, persistent, or chronic. -acute diarrhea is self-limiting, lasting ____ days -persistent diarrhea typically lasts between ______ weeks -chronic diarrhea persists for more than___ weeks and may return sporadically.

protein

Preventing kidney stones: -Avoid ________ intake to decrease urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid.

2,000-3,000

Sufficient fluid intake per day is _______mL

dehydration

The most common complication of diarrhea is

1,000 and 1,300

The normal blood flow through the kidneys is between _____ and _____ mL/min

stones

Urolithiasis and nephrolithiasis refer to _______ in the urinary tract and kidney, respectively.

malabsorption

Voluminous, greasy stools suggest intestinal

caucasian and hispanic

______ and ______ ethnic backgrounds are at risk for urinary incontinence

urge

______ incontinence occurs when involuntary elimination of urine is associated with a strong perceived need to void.

functional

_______ incontinence occurs in patients with intact urinary physiology who experience mobility impairment, environmental barriers, or cognitive problems and cannot reach and use the toilet before soiling themselves.

total

_______ urinary incontinence occurs in patients who cannot control urine because of physiologic or psychological impairment. Management of the urine is an essential focus of nursing care.

stress

________ incontinence is associated with weakened perineal muscles that permit leakage of urine when intra-abdominal pressure is increased (e.g., with coughing or sneezing).

urinary retention

________ may or may not be associated with urinary incontinence

overflow

________ urinary incontinence is described as the involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention of the bladder. Reasons for overdistention and urine leakage vary, but may be related to improper emptying of the bladder, fecal impaction, urethral obstruction, or medication side effect.

alpha adrenergic; hormones

_________ blockers and _________ are used to treat BPH

functional

_________ constipation, which involves normal transit mechanisms of mucosal transport. This type of constipation is most common and can be successfully treated by increasing intake of fiber and fluids.

african american

_________ have an increased mortality rate from prostate cancer

slow-transit

__________ constipation, which is caused by inherent disorders of the motor function of the colon (e.g., Hirschsprung disease), and is characterized by infrequent bowel movements.

reflex

__________ incontinence is associated with a spinal cord lesion that interrupts cerebral control, resulting in no sensory awareness of the need to void

Pyelonephritis

a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys.

irritable bowel syndrome

a chronic functional disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with disordered bowel movements, which may include diarrhea, constipation, or both

BPH

a noncancerous enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate, is one of the most common diseases in aging men.

megacolon

abnormally large colon

antidepressants, anticholinergics, and antihistamines

anti_________, anti_______, and anti______ can cause urinary retention

colase, mineral oil, and glycerin

c______, m______, and g_____ are all examples of stool softeners

kidney stones

calculi

suprapubic catheter

catheter inserted into the bladder through a small abdominal incision above the pubic area

urinary retention; azotemia; renal; ureters

complications from BPH: -chronic ____________ -a__________ (skin shines bc uric acid on skin) -________ failure -dilated _______, kidneys -pyelonephritis

three

constipation is defined as fewer than _______ bowel movements weekly or bowel movements that are hard, dry, small, or difficult to pass

dulcolax, caster oil, and senekot

d____, c____, and s_____ are all examples of stimulants

fecal incontinence; 3

describes the recurrent involuntary passage of stool from the rectum for at least ___ months.

bananas

eating ______ will thicken stool and treat diarrhea

saline osmotics

helps to pull fluid from the body into the GI tract, which fills intestine and increases sensation to defecate; peristalsis is stimulated

calcium; 80%

increased ___________ concentrations in the blood and urine promote precipitation of calcium and formation of stones (about ____ of all kidney stones are calcium based)

bulk-forming laxatives

increases the mobility of the GI tract by increasing the size of the stool and pulling more fluid into the GI tract, which aids in excretion of the stool

tenesmus

ineffective and sometimes painful straining and urge to eliminate either feces or urine

urinary incontinence

involuntary or uncontrolled loss of urine from the bladder

Ureteroscopy

involves first visualizing the stone and then destroying it

fluids

it's important to increase _______ on patients taking bulk-forming laxatives

anticoagulant

its important to not let patients taking an __________ strain too much because they can burst blood vessels

stool softener

lubricants; makes dececation easier usually needed for post-op patients, those with hemorrhoids, and with poor cardiac function

bulk-forming; saline; stimulants

medications for constipation: -____________ laxatives -_________ osmotics -s_____________ -stool softeners

renal

saline/osmotics are contraindicated in _______ patients

cramping

stimulants usually cause severe _____

stimulants

stimulate the nerves of the intestinal wall to increase mobility and stimulate the sensation to defecate

borborygmus

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

3-4

to prevent kidney stones, you can limit sodium intake to ______ g/day.