Elimination

A client with acute kidney injury states, "Why am I experiencing twitching and tingling of my fingers and toes?" Which process would the nurse consider when formulating a response to this client?

Calcium depletion

The nurse is reviewing the clinical record of a client with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which test result would confirm the diagnosis?

Biopsy of prostatic tissue

A client is diagnosed with acute kidney failure secondary to dehydration. An intravenous (IV) infusion of 50% glucose with regular insulin is prescribed to address which purpose?

To correct hyperkalemia

Which sign and symptom is an associated complication of chronic kidney disease while undergoing peritoneal dialysis?

Cloudy return dialysate

1. A client is admitted via the emergency department with a tentative diagnosis of diverticulitis. The nurse anticipates that which test will be prescribed?

Computed tomography (CT) scan A CT scan with contrast is the test of choice for diverticulitis because it effectively reflects the involved colon. A gastroscopy assesses the upper, not lower, gastrointestinal tract. Colonoscopy is contraindicated because of the possibility of perforation and peritonitis. Barium enema is contraindicated because of the possibility of perforation and peritonitis.

Which information about benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is important for the nurse to consider when caring for a client with that condition?

It predisposes to hydronephrosis.

Which part of the kidney senses changes in blood pressure?

macula densa. The macula densa, a part of the distal convoluted tubule, consists of cells that sense changes in the volume and pressure of blood. Calices are cuplike structures, present at the end of each papilla, that collect urine. The glomerulus is the initial part of the nephron, which filters blood to make urine. Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin. Renin is produced when sensing cells in the macula densa sense changes in blood volume and pressure.

In which parts of the kidney are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed?

proximal tubule. Glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, and bicarbonate are reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. In distal tubules, water and bicarbonate are reabsorbed, but not glucose and amino acids. Sodium and chloride are reabsorbed in the ascending limb, and water in the descending loop, of the Loop of Henle. Water is reabsorbed in the presence of antidiuretic hormone in the collecting duct.

Which assessment is necessary for the nurse to complete in a client with chronic kidney disease receiving loop diuretics?

Intake-output measurement

A client who is receiving peritoneal dialysis reports severe respiratory difficulty. Which immediate action would the nurse implement?

Auscultate the lungs

A client is receiving hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. For which complication would the nurse monitor the client?

Hepatitis B

An older client's colonoscopy reveals the presence of extensive diverticulosis. Which type of diet would the nurse encourage the client to follow?

High-fiber

Which symptom is indicative of the need for dialysis in the child with chronic kidney disease

Hypervolemia. Hypervolemia results when the kidneys have failed and are no longer able to maintain homeostasis, the blood pressure is high, and cardiac overload is imminent. Hypertension, not hypotension, is present when kidney failure occurs. Hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia, occurs with kidney failure. Hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia, is present when kidney failure occurs.

Which test would the nurse check to determine whether a transplanted kidney is functioning?

Serum creatinine level. Serum creatinine concentration measures the kidney's ability to excrete metabolic wastes. Creatinine, a nitrogenous product of protein breakdown, is increased with renal insufficiency. WBC count does not measure kidney function; white blood cells usually are depressed because of immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection. Renal ultrasound is more valuable for assessing structure than function. Although 24-hour urinary output should be considered, it is not as definitive as the serum creatinine level.

Which laboratory finding suggests mild kidney disease in a male client?

Urinary albumin: 24 mg/mmol. Increased levels of albumin in the urine indicate mild or moderate kidney disease. The normal levels of albumin in the urine range between 2.0 and 20 mg/mmol in men and between 2.8 and 28 mg/mmol in women. An albumin level of 24 mg/mmol is higher than the normal range for men. A urinary albumin of 24 mg/mmol suggests mild kidney failure. The normal levels of serum creatinine range between 0.6 and 1.2 mg/dL in men and between 0.5 and 1.1 mg/dL in women. A serum creatinine value of 0.9 mg/dL is normal. BUN in the range of 10 to 20 mg/dL is normal. A BUN value of 18 mg/dL is a normal finding. The normal range of a BUN/creatinine ratio is between 6 and 25. A BUN/creatinine ratio of 23 is a normal value.

2. The client asks the nurse to recommend foods that might be included in a diet for diverticular disease. Which foods would be correct to include in the teaching plan?

Whole grains, cooked fruits and vegetables, nuts and seeds, lean red meat

During the infusion of dialysate during peritoneal dialysis, the client exhibits symptoms of severe respiratory difficulty. Which action would the nurse take?

Drain the fluid from the client's peritoneal cavity

Which goal would the nurse establish when providing care for a client recovering from a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

Maintain patency of the indwelling catheter

Where is the blood pressure cuff placed on a client with a dialysis access fistula in the right arm

On the left arm

The health care provider prescribes finasteride for a client with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The client would like to take saw palmetto instead of the finasteride. Which information would the nurse provide to the client about this herbal supplement?

Research has shown that saw palmetto is no better than a placebo."