Embalming theory 1 Quiz
The 50 pound rule is an old rule that is of little value today, but it still used by some manufactures on their arterial labels. It states that for every 50 pounds of weight( ) gallons of properly prepared arterial solution needs to be injected. However, with the overuse of medications, edematous body conditions or multiple organ failure, more extensive measures are called upon to properly preserve the remains.
1 gallon.
The average body contains about 10 pints of blood; 3 to 4 gallons of arterial solution is injected and fills the vascular and tissue spaces. During injection, it is estimated that as much as ( ) of arterial solution is lost through drainage.
50%
Those chemicals that are used to treat the dead human body for the purposes other than arterial embalming or cavity treatment, it includes, autopsy gels, concentrated cautery chemicals, hardening compounds, concentrated powders, mold inhibitors, ect. are known as:
Accessory Chemicals.
According to the formaldehyde standard, what is the specific point at which an 8 hour permissible exposure limit(PEL) is unsafe equates to (0.5ppm) is the:
Action Level.
Formed by the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats, commonly known as " grave wax," because of the grayish-white to brown material that appears on remains that have been deceased for an extended amount of time is known as:
Adipocere.
Decease in body temperature immediately before death is:
Agonal Algor.
Circulatory changes during the antemortem(agonal) period are:
Agonal Capillaries expansion, agonal hypostasis, agonal coagulation.
An increase of the body temperature just prior to death is:
Agonal Fever.
( ) is the postmortem cooling of the body, as well as, a physical change.
Algor Mortis.
Blunt instrument used for tissue dissection, locating and elevation of arteries and veins:
Aneurysm Needle.
Allows clots to be grasped and pulled from a vein, directed towards heart is:
Angular Spring Forceps.
Curved, straight, serrated and smooth; clamps leaking vessels & arterial tube in an artery
Arterial Hemostat.
Used to inject embalming solution into the blood vascular system:
Arterial Tube.
Suctioning out the contents of the hollows organs along with any liquids or gases that have accumulated in the body is a process called:
Aspiration.
Stream sterilization for contaminated instruments is:
Autoclaving.
Self-destruction of cells, decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance is:
Autolysis.
Self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance is:
Autolysis.
Supplemental fluids are fluids the embalmer inject prior to or adds to the preservative solution to enhance its qualities. They include all of the following EXCEPT: a)Water corrective fluid. b) Autopsy Surface Gel. c) Tissue Gas co-injection fluid, d) Humectant (Restorative) Fluid.
Autopsy Surface Gel.
Destructive to bacteria is:
Bactericidal.
( ) death occurs in a sequence of events that are a function of time without oxygen for a period of 5-6 minutes.
Brain.
Serves to control the acid- base balance of fluid and tissues. Also act as water conditioners and anticoagulants are:
Buffers.
The order of decomposition of the body is as follows:
Carbohydrates, Soft Proteins, Fats, Hard Carbohydrates and Bones.
A machine to inject arterial solution that uses a motorized force pump, a constant preset pressure and preset rate of flow is:
Centrifugal Pump.
A ( ) change that causes temporary postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes and can pass naturally from an unembalmed body within 36-72 hours is known as ( ):
Chemical, Rigor Mortis
Removal of infectious agents by scrubbing and washing, as with hot water, soap or a suitable detergent is:
Cleaning.
Tissue gas producing anaerobic bacillus, that produces gases that distend the tissues is:
Clostridium Perfringens.
What are the 5 signs of decomposition
Color, Odor, Skin slip, Gases, purge
Gravity method embalming, where pressures and rate of flow can be increased periodically by squeezing on the bulb syringe is:
Combination gravity & bulb syringe.
The cleaning of the body and instruments at the time of embalming the body is:
Concurrent Disinfection.
The ability of the cells to draw moisture form the surrounding area into themselves resulting in postmortem edema is known as:
Imbibition.
The strength of embalming fluids indicated by the number of grams of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 mL of water is
Index.
Propylene glycol is superior to glycerin as a general solvent and:
Inhibitor of mold growth, Soluble in water, Colorless and Odorless.
All of these basics apply to the preparation of all un-autopsied and autopsied remains, EXCEPT: a) Use of universal precaution and personal protective equipment by the embalmer. b) Sanitization using a disinfectant droplet spray. c) Identification of each disease using wristband and toe tags. d) Inject 5 to 6 gallons of solution to attain proper preservation.
Inject 5 to 6 gallons of solution to attain proper preservation.
When this is added to special purpose fluids it maintains a osmotic quality to help draw the excess tissue moisture (edema) from the tissues back into the capillaries so it can be removed by drainage, to bring about dehydration (desiccation) is:
Inorganic Salts.
Factors that are within the body itself and include body mass, temperature at time of death are:
Intrinsic Factors.
Qualities of a good topical disinfectant include all of the following EXCEPT: a)Not inactivated by the presence of biological agents b) Does not bleach or stain the skin. c) Is inactive, not outdated, should have long shelf life. d)Destroys microbes and their products quickly.EXCEPT:
Is inactive, not outdated, should have long shelf life.
Postmortem intravascular blood (red-blue) discoloration, also known as, cadaveric levity resulting from hypostasis of blood is:
Livor Mortis.
Bloodborne pathogen Standards
Mandates to protect healthcare workers from diseases caused by exposure to blood and body fluids.
Clove, cinnamon, oil of wintergreen sassafras, are commonly known as:
Masking Agents.
Attaches to aspirating hose, inserted into the nostril or throat for limited aspiration of the nasal passage or the throat is:
Nasal tune aspirator.
Temporary preservation, producing little to no forming of the body tissues is:
Non-formaldehyde preservative arterial fluids.
It is a white powdery solid containing85%-99% formaldehyde. drops out of the solution to the bottom of the container is not available for chemical reaction and results in a weaker solution, is:
Paraformaldehyde.
Which of the following is NOT the orderly progression of somatic death:
Physiological death.
Protects clothing from conditions such as, ulcerations, gangrene, burnt tissue or autopsied remains is:
Plastic Undergarments.
Used to close autopsy incisions, shapes include half and double curved is:
Post-mortem needles.
Postmortem physical change include the following a) Postmortem Stain b) Algor Mortis c) Hypostasis d) Rigor Mortis EXCEPT:
Postmortem Stain.
The embalmer is ethically responsible to do all of the following EXCEPT: a)Receive continuing education to maintain skills commensurate with professional practice. b) Protect the health of any person allowed in the prep room and restrict entry to the unauthorized. c) Practice negligence in maintaining an unsanitized preparation room. d)Has properly identified the body and maintain the internal identification once in funeral home. Except:
Practice negligence in maintaining an unsanitary preparation room.
What defines the amount of preservative(formaldehyde) required to effectively preserve and disinfect remains? Several body conditions determine the strength and volume of fluid to inject is known as:
Preservative Demand.
The force required to distribute the embalming solution throughout the body is:
Pressure.
The mixture of concentration arterial fluid with water and/or supplemental fluids is known as:
Primary Dilution.
An embalming authorization provides indemnification of the funeral home
Provides permission for the body to be embalmed at the funeral home of separate embalming facility.
One inexpert test for the death is ( ); an expert test for death is the use of a ( )
Pulse, Stethoscope.
The evacuation of gases, liquids and semisolids from a natural body orifice is:
Purge.
Germicidal and deodorizing qualities; use restricted to cavity fluid due to their incompatibility with the wetting agents used in arterial fluids is:
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds.
Preparation of the deceased human remains is mankind's means of ethically fulfilling our ingrained, ancient, emotive instinct to care for the dead, is:
Reverence for the dead
Postmortem chemical changes during the antemortem (agonal) period are:
Rigor Mortis, Decomposition, Post-Mortem Caloricity, Shift in pH. All of the above.
Decomposition is
Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes.
Fluids designed for use with special body conditions such as jaundice or bodies requiring a high preservative demand is:
Special Purpose fluids.
A process that renders a substance free from all microorganisms is:
Sterilization.
When using high index special purpose arterial fluids, the more severe the conditions of the body, the ( ) the Primary solution should be. When little drainage is anticipated, ( ) concentrations and ( ) total volume of solution should be used.
Stronger, Stronger and Less
A very effective sequestering of chelating agents, which combines with calcium ions to prevent blood coagulation, and removes hardness chemicals from and placed in direct contact with the tissue.
Surface Cavity Pack.
An absorbent material, compress, saturated with an embalming chemical and placed in direct connect with the tissue.
Surface Cavity Pack.
Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures:
Surfactants.
all of these refer to preservation and preservatives, EXCEPT: a) The science of treating the dead human body chemically so as to temporarily inhabit decomposition. b) An additive used to protect against decay, discoloration and spoilage. c)Chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for such bacteria to thrive. d) The decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
The decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria.
Fluids designed to arrest and control the causative, Clostridium Perfringens are known as:
Tissue Gas Fluids.
The movement of microorganisms from one area of the body to another is:
Translocation.
The long, hollow, needle-like instrument used for aspiration is called:
Trocar.
True of False. Refrigeration storage of the body is recommended when embalming is not authorized or delayed, allowing for identification by the next of kin.
True
True or False. Anticoagulants are used to maintain blood in a liquid state so that it is easily displaced from the body. Also function as water softeners.
True
True or False. Formalin is a commercial source for formaldehyde. It contains 37% by weight formaldehyde gas absorbed in water, or in water and methyl alcohol.
True
True or False. HCHO reacts with bleach to form Bis (chloroethyl) ether(BCME) a carcinogen.
True
True or False. If it was not for human attachments and the psychological processes on the ethic of reverence for the dead, a funeral wouldn't be necessary.
True
True or False. Improper door size is one of the most common errors in preparation room planning:
True
True or False. Respiration and reinjection of cavity fluid is necessary prior to dressing to gain insurance against a purge of gas or other liquids from the nose and mouth.
True
True or False. The process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, to temporarily inhabit organic decomposition and to store an acceptable appearance is known as Embalming.
True
True or False. Tissue builder is a chemical injected via hypodermic syringe and needle after arterial embalming in an effort to restore the natural contour of the face and hands.
True
Ture or False. Embalmers are exposed to several hazards while working in the preparation room. It includes, but not limited to, chemicals, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation, ventilation, temperatures and biological hazards.
True
Ture or False. Personal Protective Equipment(PPE) must cover all of the skin and be disposed of or laundered and removed prior to leaving the work area.
True
The blood borne pathogen rule is accomplished by the application of:
Universal Precautions Engineering Controls Work practice Controls
The classifications of embalming are
Vascular, surface, hypodermic and cavity.
These restore moisture to tissue and maintain its normal appearance, because of it molecular size, it traps in the capillary bed and fills out the tissue to overcome the emancipated appearance is:
Vegetable and Synthetic Gums.
All of the following are characteristics of Phenol, EXCEPT: a) coal-tar derivative b)Also known as carbolic acid c) Its formulation are used to embalm cadavers in medical programs. d) Yellowish, aqueous solution that darkens to amber, reddish brown.
Yellowish, aqueous solution that darkens to amber, reddish brown.
Yes or No. In an autopsied remains, are the arteries and their respective veins exposed:
Yes.
Plaster of Paris, paraformaldehyde, aluminum chloride and alum, wood powder are types of compounds for the primary use in autopsied remains are known as:
non of the above.
In chemistry, degrees of acidity or alkalinity of a substance are expressed on pH values. If normal pH for a body is approximately 7.4. What is maximum alkalinity?
pH 14.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Formaldehyde: a)100% organic, b)Deodorizes the body amines formed during putrefraction Biological death. c)Only a small amount of formaldehyde is needed to act on a large amount of protein, d) Constricts capillaries.
Constricts capillaries.
All of the following are characteristics of formaldehyde EXCEPT: a) Controls tissue moisture balance. b) Line formula is HCHO HC2O is the molecular formula. c)Fixating, coagulating, and denaturing of protein. d).Combines with water to form methylene glycol.
Controls tissue moisture balance.
The loss of water from the body tissues and fluids by surface evaporation is ( ). It is also a postmortem ( ) change.
Dehydration, Physical.
A separation of the epidermis from the underlying dermis as a result of is:
Desquamation.
Identify the components of arterial fluid.
Dyes, Modifying Agents and Disinfectants.
What is necessary to do before, during and after arterial injection and continue monitoring while in the funeral home of facility
Embalming analysis
True or False. Cavity fluid preserve, disinfects and deodorizes organs of the cavities. It also, among other instances, acts as a surface compress on gangrenous tissue or areas not reached by arterial profusion, but does not serve as a bleaching agents for the blood discoloration.
False
True or False. Glutaraldehyde reacts in the body by cross linking to solubilize both protein and polyhydroxy compounds.
False
True or False. It is accepted to remove/shave facial hair from the deceased without obtaining permission.
False
True or False. It is perfectly acceptable to assist an unlicensed person to represent himself or herself to engage in practices that are reserved for holders of embalming license.
False
True or False. It is suggested that embalmers be immunized against Hepatitis B, due to the direct contact with deceased human remains. It is typically transmitted via fecal-oral route.
False
True or False. This agent produces an internal cosmetic effect that closely simulates the natural coloring of tissues. Have high staining qualities as they diffuse to the superficial tissue areas from the circulatory system. Colors range from straw, amber or brilliant red. Is Known as a supplemental fluid.
False
True or False. Waterless Embalming is recommended for more difficult cases, it provides the maximum preservation using a maximum amount of arterial solution.
False
Ture or False. The federal hazard Communication Rule requires that employers communicate to employees the dangers that exist in the workplace as a result of hazardous substances or materials. Under this rule, an chemical or mixture of chemicals with a composition of .01% or more of an ingredient classified as a carcinogen, teratogen, mutagen are considered to present a physical or a health hazard.
False
True or False. An embalming care report must be completed for only autopsied bodies.
False (for all remains)
Products of decomposition are amino acids, ptomaine's, and:
Fatty Acids.
The preparation room exhaust fan and intake vent should be permanently installed at or near the floor and operable with the capacity to change the air in the room.
Fifteen times per hour.
An aqueous solution of the commercial source of formaldehyde gas dissolves in water:
Formalin.
Renders incapable of reproduction disease-causing microorganisms, is used as a surface sanitizing agent is:
Germicides.
Which of the following is a by-product of the manufacturing of soap, classified as an alcohol, a good lubricator and hygroscopic is:
Glycerin.
A group of chemicals with indices (index) usually greater than 30, used in the preparation of extreme cases, such as bodies with edema, renal failure deaths, and bodies dead for a long time are called:
High- index special -purpose fluids.
Which of these deaths are not required to be reported to the coroner or medical examiner: a) Vehicular Accidental death b) Homicidal deaths c) Sudden Emergency Room Death d) Hospice deaths.
Hospice Deaths
Agents that help control tissue moisture balance and a coating action and keeps formaldehyde under control until it needs to be released:
Humectants.
Created a vacuum when water is run through the mechanism, as well as, equipped with a vacuum breaker is:
Hydro Aspirator.
Arterial solutions that are designed to draw tissue liquid through the capillary wall into the circulatory system and away from the soft tissues are:
Hypertonic.
A process by which blood and/or fluids settles, as a result of gravitational movement to the dependent or lower portions of the body is ( ) and it can occur in the ( ) and ( ).
Hypostasis, Agonal and Postmortem.
True or False. Hypodermic embalming is generally used as a supplemental procedure when tissues in the adult body cannot be treated sufficiently by: Surface Injection.
(Vascular Injection) False
