Embalming Theory 2- FSE 212-0901 Midterm

What are the characteristics of different kinds of purge?

1. All these types may contain blood 2. Stomach- Liquid, has a coffee ground appearance, sour odor, contains acid, usually exits through the nose and/or mouth 3. Lung- Frothy-white, no odor usually exits through the nose and/or mouth 4. Brain- Creamy-white, no odor, usually exits through ear and/or nose 5. Rectal- Feces escaping from the rectum 6. Vascular (false)- Color and consistency similar to the arterial solution

Generalized body wide edema is called

Anasarca

These drugs as the most widely used class of drugs.

Antibiotics

Where should proper ventilation be placed in a prep room?

At the foot of the deceased

Purge from this area may have a white semisolid appearance

Brain

Which of the following documents should be placed in the shipping envelope attached to the shipping container or combo unit containing the deceased?

Burial Transit Permit Certificate of Death Embalming and Decedent Care Report

This type of bacteria is commonly found in the mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina of healthy individuals:

Candida

Plastic protective garment designed to cover the legs, buttocks, and abdomen. A combination of pants and stockings.

Capris

What cause of death would cause a cherry-red discoloration, bright red color to blood, intense livor mortis, rapid post mortem staining, and petechiae?

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

This is an anaerobic bacterium which can cause intense gas in the tissues accompanied by a foul odor

Clostridium perfringens

When shipping human remains internationally, it is best to contact which organization to receive consultation on specific shipping requirements for the country of destination?

Consulate of the receiving country

What pathological condition will cause a dull reddish to black discoloration?

Dry Gangrene

The principal manifestations of diabetes include all of the following except: Hyperglycemia Glycosuria Ketosis Emaciation

Emaciation

Due to their small size, all infants must be embalmed using mild solutions and low-index arterial solutions.

False

Proteolytic enzymes do not break down proteins

False

When embalming a decedent who passed due to complications of alcoholism, the embalmer should expect poor drainage, even within a reasonable time of death.

False

This is a fatal disease caused by contamination of a wound infection by a toxin-producing, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium.

Gas Gangrene

The classic colors of discoloration associated with dehydration in the tissue of the body include all of the following except:

Green

The classic colors of discoloration associated with dehydration in the tissue of the body include all of the following except: Yellow Green Black Brown

Green

Which of the following is not a consideration when treating a body exposed to radiation:

Height/Weight of the body

A decedent has entered your care that shows signs of dehydration and emaciation. What type of chemicals would you consider using to combat dehydration and allow the embalmed tissue to retain moisture?

Humectants

What chemical treats dehydration?

Humectants

The accumulation of serous fluid in the sac-like cavity in the tunica vaginalis testis of the male scrotum is called.

Hydrocele

How do you treat the walls of the cavity in an autopsy case?

Hypodermic embalming using a trocar or a hypovalve trocar (cavity fluid OR arterial fluid). Surface embalming can also be used. Internal compresses can be saturated with cavity fluid and placed between the tissues and the rib cage. All inside surfaces can also be coated with autopsy gel.

Short term refrigeration is necessary in some cases, and can provide several advantages to the embalmer. Which of the following would not be an advantage of short term refrigeration?

Increased capillary permeability for diffusion

Short-term refrigeration is necessary in some cases and can provide several advantages to the embalmer. Which of the following would not be an advantage of short-term refrigeration? The slow progression of rigor mortis in the body Increased capillary permeability for diffusion The maintaining of blood in a liquid state A slower rate of decomposition

Increased capillary permeability for diffusion

Grams of formaldehyde dissolved in 100ml of liquid is what?

Index

This embalming method is recommended for extreme cases to minimize tissue swelling and provide maximum preservation

Instant Tissue Fixation

This embalming method is recommended for extreme cases to minimize tissue swelling and provide maximum preservation.

Instant Tissue Fixation

Injection of a small amount of highly concentrated fluid in short bursts into the head is referred to as

Instant tissue fixation

What kind of fluid helps with yellowing color of the skin/eyes?

Jaundice Fluids

A body with yellowing in the tissues and eyes should be treated with what type of fluid

Jaundice fluid

This program requires all funeral homes who wish to transport human remains on a passenger aircraft to register:

Known Shipper Program

This organ is the main detoxification center of the body:

Liver

This is the second highest cause of preventable death in the United States

Obesity

These drugs are commonly used for pain relief and anesthesia.

Opioids

Which of the following medical devices must be removed prior to cremation?

Pacemaker

What are the properties of cautery chemicals?

Phenol (carbolic acid)

This is an infection of the lungs, the ears, the nervous system, and the intestinal tract caused by a fungus commonly encountered as a saprophyte or a contaminant.

Phycomycosis

This type of jaundice causes obstruction of biliary drainage; bilirubin is not excreted by the kidneys resulting in hyperbilirubinemia.

Posthepatic

How do we safely pour fluids into the embalming machine?

Pour embalming fluids into the embalming machine after it is filled

Which of the following is not a suggested practice when preparing a body for viewing without embalming:

Removing identification tags or bracelets

This type of burn can be classified as deep, affecting the posterior dermal layer of the skin and may cause blisters to develop.

Second Degree Burn

Which of the following is categorized as an extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and back of the hands? Livor Mortis Postmortem Stain Senile Purapura Hematoma

Senile Purapura

Which of the following is categorized as an extravascular irregularly shaped blood discoloration that often appears on the arms and back of the hands?

Senile Purpura

A chemical that neutralizes formaldehyde is

Small amount of ammonia

The most frequently encountered gas condition is caused by:

Subcutaneous Emphysema

When embalming a decedent who has undergone a cranial autopsy, the embalmer must clamp vessels inside the cranium to ensure distribution to the face. These vessels make up which of the following?

The Circle of Willis

Tissue donation is regulated by:

The Food and Drug Administration

What does index mean when referring to arterial fluid?

The strength of embalming fluid, indicated by the number of pure formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100mL of water.

Where is the heart located (think cavities/regions of the body)

Thorax/Chest cavity/thoracic cavity

How do we aspirate the brain? Which area is penetrated to facilitate aspiration?

Through the right/left nostril. A small trocar is pushed through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. Then the trocar enters the anterior portion of the cranial cavity.

These drugs can lead to dehydration, low protein levels, kidney dysfunction , and the retention of nitrogenous waste.

Tranquilizers

Contact with contaminated instruments may expose a decedent to tissue gas

True

Edema of the cavities does not mix with or dilute the arterial solution.

True

Super adhesive glues and bonding agents can be used for some closures instead of traditional sutures

True

The FTC forbids statements that guarantee long-term embalming preservation.

True

True or False: Super adhesive glues and bonding agents can be used for some closures instead of traditional sutures

True

Arteries and veins have three layers which include all of the following except:

Tunica proxima

This plastic garment is ideal for autopsy cases, as it covers the entire body with the exception of the neck and head.

Unionall

Why do we inject arteries instead of veins?

Veins have internal valves to prevent the backflow of circulating blood.

We inject into arteries rather than veins. This is because

Veins have one-direction valves

The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act is

a federal act enforceable in every state

Chemotherapeutic agents may include all of the following except:

aminoglycosides

Treatment of the interior walls of an autopsied cavity could include:

autopsy gel

posthepatic jaundice

caused by obstruction of bile flow into gallbladder or duodenum

For a partial thickness skin harvest, what instrument is used in the harvesting process?

dermatome

A cautery chemical, like phenol, is good for

drying and disinfection

When pouring fluid into the machine, you should

pour slowly to avoid splashing

When suturing an autopsied body, the embalmer should begin suturing at the:

pubic symphysis

Examples of extravascular resistance

rigor mortis, gas in cavities, expansion of hollow viscera, tumors, swollen lymph nodes, ascites, hydrothorax, contact pressure, visceral weight, bandages, skeletal edema, inflammation

Purge coming from the mouth that looks like coffee grounds is likely from where

stomach

An example of extravascular resistance would be

swollen lymph nodes

When treating the cranial cavity, this set of muscles can be sutured to keep the calavarium in place

temporalis

Drainage in a full autopsy case should be taken where?

the cavity

What is the best practice for removing a transdermal opioid patch from a decedent?

Remove the patch with an instrument such as forceps

This form of Histoplasmosis is progressive, forming granulomatous inflammation with caseation necrosis and cavitation.

chronic pulmonary

According to the Mausoleum Demolition and Disentombment Project, less than ____% of all 650 disinterments were in a state of active decomposition.

15

Know the proper techniques for restricted cervical injection (what happens to the arteries?)

Both Carotids are open to restrict fluid from going to the head to prevent swelling of the face

Airline passengers are allowed to travel with cremated remains only in a checked bag:

False

This is a commonly prescribed synthetic opioid similar to morphine, yet 50-100 times more potent.

Fentanyl

What is instant tissue fixation? What kind of cases require instant tissue fixation?

Strong solution under high pressure on a pulsing setting on an embalming machine. Early decomp, facial trauma, firm and dry facial tissues needed for restorative arts, when facial excisions are necessary, reembalming of the face

Which of the following is not considered a stage of rigor mortis?

Terminal Flaccidity

When aspirating the brain, the trocar or needle will go through what portion of the skull?

The cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

All of the following corrective treatments can be used for eye distension in cornea donors except: Tissue Builder Surface Compresses Surface Embalming Heat Spatula

Tissue Builder

Restricted Cervical Injection means that the left carotid leading toward the body should be

closed

Reasons for a medicolegal autopsy include all of the following except:

family request of postmortem examination

Time delays between death and preparation can present several problems to the embalmer. Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the problems associated with delayed embalming? Nonuniform Distribution Of Fluids Swelling Of Tissues Increased Preservative Demand Lowered Blood Viscosity

Lowered Blood Viscosity

Time delays between death and preparation can present several problems to the embalmer. Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the problems associated with delayed embalming?

Lowered Blood Viscosity

Which of the following is not considered a stage of rigor mortis? Primary Flaccidity Active Rigor Secondary Flaccidity Terminal Flaccidity

Terminal Flaccidity

The documentation associated with shipping a decedent should be attached to which end of the shipping container:

The Head

Cremated remains may be shipped (domestic or international) through:

The United States Postal Service

Edema is said to be established when there is a ____% increase in total body water.

10%

It has been estimated that ____ times more preservative chemical is needed to preserve tissues of bodies dead from complications of renal failure.

6

At birth, the body water present in infants is approximately ____ of total body weight.

75%

According to the Mausoleum Demolition and Disentombment Project, between 1900 and 1960 nearly ____% of human remains were embalmed.

99%

This complication occurs as a result of altered carbohydrate metabolism leading to a buildup of lactic acid

Acidosis

The fluid strength for an autopsy is generally going to be higher. This is due to: The amount of time in refrigeration The delay between death and embalming Possible trauma/decomposition

All above

The fluid strength for an autopsy is generally going to be higher. This is due to

All of the above

Medical devices requiring removal for cremation?

If a medical device/implant has any battery, radiation, pressurization, or silicone in its manufacture. Pacemakers Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs) Spinal Cord Stimulators Internal Pumps/Ports