Embryology Final

In salivary glands, which of the following structures if composed of secretory epithelial cells? a. Acinus b. Capsule c. Lobule d. Excretory duct

a. Acinus

Secondary dentin usually forms within the tooth a. After the completion of the apical foramen b. Before the completion of the apical foramen c. Nearest to the dentinoenamel foramen d. In response to tooth trauma

a. After the completion of the apical foramen

Which of the following cell types is not renewable during the lifetime of the tooth? a. Ameloblasts b. Odontoblasts c. Odontoblasts d. Cementoblasts

a. Ameloblasts

Which stage of tooth formation occurs for the primary dentition during the eleventh and twelfth week of prenatal development? a. Bell stage b. Initiation stage c. Cap stage d. Bud stage

a. Bell stage

The medial nasal processes are involved directly in the formation of the embryo's _________ of the nose. a. Bridge b. Sides c. Bride and sides d. Nasal placodes

a. Bridge

The most common type of connective tissue fiber in the periodontium is which of the following fiber groups? a. Collagen b Elastic c. Ocytalan d. Collagen and elastic fibers

a. Collagen

Which portion of the tooth germ is primary source of the periodontal ligament? a. Dental follicle b. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath c. Stratum intermedium d. Central cells or dental papilla

a. Dental follicle

Pulp and dentin are products of the a. Dental papilla b. Enamel organ c. Dental sac d. Epithelium

a. Dental papilla

The folding of the embryo causes: a. Endoderm to be on the inside of the embryo b. Ectoderm to be on the inside of endoderm c. Endoderm to be on the outside of the mesoderm d. Mesoderm to be on the outside of the ectoderm

a. Endoderm to be on the inside of the embryo

What is the special term used for the simple squamous epithelium that lines the vessels and serious cavities of the body? a. Endothelium b. Reticular c. Squames d. Epidermis

a. Endothelium

From which embryonic layer is mesoderm derived? a. Epiblast layer b. Hypoblast layer c. Endoderm d. Neuroectoderm

a. Epiblast layer

Which of the following tissues listed will develop from the ectoderm layer of the embryo? a. Epidermis b. Muscle c. Liver d. Dermis

a. Epidermis

When does the blastocyte stop traveling and undergo implantation during prenatal development? a. First week b. Second week c. Third week d. Fourth week

a. First week

The frontonasal process is a swelling that appears over the developing brain in the embryo and forms the: a. Forehead b. Otic placodes c. Mandibular arch d. Neck area

a. Forehead

The mandibular arch during the embryonic period is the: a. Fusion of the two mandibular processes b. Swelling found superior to the stomodeum c. Structure that gives rise to the lateral nasal process d. Posterior portion of the hard palate

a. Fusion of the two mandibular processes

What is the know etiology of supernumerary teeth? a. Hereditary factors b. Occlusal trauma involvement c. Infective teratogen considerations d. Disintegration of associated membranes

a. Hereditary factors

By the end of the first week of prenatal development, the blastula stops traveling and undergoes: a. Implantation b. Disintegration c. Migration d. Amniocentesis

a. Implantation

Which of the following paranasal sinuses may be compromised with a periapical infection in a permanent maxillary molar? a. Maxillary sinus b. Frontal sinus c. Sphenoid sinus d. Ethmoid sinuses

a. Maxillary sinus

Where does the dental lamina begin to form initially in the developing dental arches? a. Near the midline b. Adjacent to the mental foramen c. Over the region of the future molars d. Adjacent to the developing temporomandibular joint

a. Near the midline

The dental lamina is an embryonic structure that develops from the: a. Oral epithelium b. Mesenchyme c. Neural crest cells d. Endodermal layer

a. Oral epithelium

Which of the following structures initially forms during the third week of prenatal development? a. Primitive streak b. Bilaminar embryonic disc c. Embryoblast layer d. Trophoblast layer

a. Primitive streak

What portion of the final palate does the secondary palate give rise to? a. Two-thirds of the hard palate b. Entire hard palate c. Only the soft palate region d. Both the hard and soft palate

a. Two-thirds of the hard palate

Which of the following salivary glands are associated with the circumvallate lingual papillae and secrete only serous saliva? a. Von Ebner's b. Wharton's c. Sublingual d. Submandibular

a. Von Ebner's

How many buds in the dental lamina appear along each dental arch during odontogenesis of the primary dentition? a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

b. 10

Which of the following structures separates the epithelium from the connective tissue? a. Submucosa b. Basement membrane c. Periosteum d. Endosteum

b. Basement membrane

The primitive streak forms in the embryonic disc, causing: a. Initiation of palatal development b. Bilateral symmetry c. Fusion of the mandibular processes d. Disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane

b. Bilateral symmetry

Which of the following is the chemical formula for calcium hydroxyapatite? a. Ca5(PO4)4(OH) b. Ca10(PO4)6(OH) c. Ca5(PO2)6(OH)2 d. Ca10(PO2)4(OH)

b. Ca10(PO4)6(OH)

Which type of the bone tissue listed below contains osteons? a. Cancellous bone b. Compact bone c. Osteoid d. Primary bone

b. Compact bone

What are the three embryonic layers that are involved in facial development? a. Preimplantation, embryonic, fetal b. Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm c. Upper, middle, lower d. Foregut, midgut, hindgut

b. Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

The most common cell type in connective tissues such as the pulp and periodontal ligament is the a. Endothelial cell b. Fibroblast c. White blood cell d. Odontoblast

b. Fibroblast

In which week of prenatal development does facial development begin in the embryo? a. Second b. Fourth c. Fifth d. Eighth

b. Fourth

The reduction in the amount of saliva noted in patients with dry mouth is call a. Dysplasia b. Hyposalivation c. Cystic transformation d. Ossification

b. Hyposalivation

Which of the following phases concerning the second branchial arch is correct? a. It is called the mandibular arch b. It contains Reichert's cartilage c. It forms into the muscles of mastication d. It is associated with the trigeminal nerve

b. It contains Reichert's cartilage

Of the carious epithelia that make up the gingival, which one does not normally keratinize? a. Sulcular epithelium b. Junctional epithelium c. Both sulcular and junctional epithelia d. Neither sulcular and junction epithelia

b. Junctional epithelium

The most permeable section of the gingival is considered which of the following? a. Sulcular epithelium b. Junctional epithelium c. Both sulcular and junctional epithelia d. Neither sulcular and junction epithelia

b. Junctional epithelium

Which of the following facial structures is formed from the mandibular arch? a. Forehead b. Lower face c. Philtrum d. Nose

b. Lower face

A type of cleft lip can result from the lack of fusion between: a. mandibular and maxillary processes b. Medial nasal and maxillary processes c. Lateral nasal and medial nasal processes d. Two lateral nasal processes

b. Medial nasal and maxillary processes

The philtrum of the upper lip forms from the: a. Mandibular processes b. Medial nasal processes c. Lateral nasal processes d. Nasal placodes

b. Medial nasal processes

The macrophages found in the connective tissue are derived from a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Basophils d. Giant cells

b. Monocytes

In which of the following do the final stages of meiosis occur during prenatal development? a. Placenta b. Ovum c. Sperm d. yolk sac

b. Ovum

Which of the following is the only sensation perceived by the brain from the pulp's sensory nerves? a. Taste b. Pain c. Pressure d. Temperature

b. Pain

Which of the following tissues provides nutrition for the underlying compact bone? a. Cartilage b. Periosteum c. Compact bone d. Cancellous bone

b. Periosteum

What structure partially separates the nasal and oral cavities in the fifth week of prenatal development? a. Maxillary process b. Primary palate c. Final or definitive palate d. Mandibular arch

b. Primary palate

Which is the term used for the movement of the nuclei within the inner enamel epithelium as the tissue forms into preameloblasts? a. Dentinogenesis b. Repolarization c.Disintegration d. Maturation

b. Repolarization

What is the name given to the clot that forms during repair of the dermis? a. Cyst b. Scab c. Pearl d. Granulation

b. Scab

The neural tube from early prenatal development will form which of the following structures? a. Heart b. Spinal cord c. Face d. Digestive tract

b. Spinal cord

The disintegration of the oropharyngeal membrane enlarges the: a. Nasal pits b. Stomodeum c. Anus d. Pharyngeal pouches

b. Stomodeum

Which of the following statements concerning active eruption of a permanent succedaneous tooth is correct? a. The tooth erupts when the root is complete b. The shedding of the associated primary tooth is intermittent c. The first junctional epithelium is from the surrounding dental sac d. The tooth actively erupts as gingival recession occurs

b. The shedding of the associated primary tooth is intermittent

Which of the following changes occurs to those specific cells from the enamel organ which will differentiate into preameloblasts? a. They shorten their length b. They repolarize their nuclei c. They mineralize cellular contents d. They line up along the basement membrane

b. They repolarize their nuclei

During which week of prenatal development does the neural plate differentiate? a. Second week b. Third week c. Fourth week d. Fifth week

b. Third week

How many X-type of chromosomes enables the embryo to become a female when present? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four

b. Two

If a tooth has two roots, how many horizontal epithelial extensions or flaps will be involved in its root formation? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four

b. Two

Which of the following tissues usually uses both interstitial and apposition growth to attain their final size? a. Hard dental tissues b. Mature bone c. Cartilage d. Gingival tissue

c. Cartilage

During cell division, microtubules attach to the chromosomes at the: a. Desmosome b. Ribosome c. Centromere d. Lysosome

c. Centromere

If the palatal shelves are unable to fuse properly during prenatal development, there may be formation of a(n): a. Cleft lip b. Ankyloglossia c. Cleft palate d. Spina bifida

c. Cleft palate

The foramen cecum of the tongue is a a. Groove pointing toward the pharynx b. Median line demarcating the fusion of the tongue c. Depression at the apex of the sulcus terminals d. Collection of diffuse tonsillar tissue

c. Depression at the apex of the sulcus terminals

The oropharyngeal membrane of the embryo: a. Consists of three embryonic layers b. Is located inferior to the first branchial arch c. Disintegrates during the third week of prenatal development d. Is located superior to the maxillary process

c. Disintegrates during the third week of prenatal development

Which period of prenatal development is characterized by increased cellular differentiation? a. Unattached conceptus b. Preimplantation period c. Embryonic period d. Fetal period

c. Embryonic period

During the cap stage of tooth development, the tooth germ consists of: a. Enamel organ and dental sac b. Enamel organ and dental papilla c. Enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla d. Dental sac and dental papilla

c. Enamel organ, dental sac, and dental papilla

The epithelial attachment refers to the internal basal lamina and the a. Apical layer of junctional epithelium b. Interface of junctional epithelium with the tooth c. Hemidesomosomes of the basal cell d. Desmosomes of the prickle cell layer

c. Hemidesomosomes of the basal cell

Anchoring fibrils are found a. Between the lamina dense and the lamina lucinda b. Between the epithelial cell surface and lamina lucinda c. In the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa d. In the epithelium adjacent to the lamina densa

c. In the connective tissue adjacent to the lamina densa

The initiation stage of odontogenesis mainly involves the process of: a. Differentiation b. Proliferation c. Induction d. Morphogenesis

c. Induction

Which of the following statements concerning prenatal development is correct? a. Most congenital malformations occur during the last prenatal week b. Maturation of existing structures occurs during the second to eight week c. Initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week d. The fetus is the structure present during the embryonic period

c. Initiation of embryonic layers occurs during the first week

Which of the following is the most common complication associated with dens invagination? a. Macrodontic tooth size b. Abnormal arch spacing c. Lingual pit formation d. Hypercementosis of root surface

c. Lingual pit formation

The connective tissue capsule surrounding the salivary gland is continuous with the connective tissue septa that run between the epithelial components, creating a. Nodes and nodules b. Ducts and acinus c. Lobes and lobules d. Channels and ducts

c. Lobes and lobules

Which permanent tooth undergoes partial anodontia the most within the developing oral cavity? a. Third molars b. Mandibular second premolars c. Maxillary lateral incisors d. Maxillary first premolars

c. Maxillary lateral incisors

The peritubular dentin that is found surrounding each odontoblastic process is a. Not true dentin b. Less calcified than intertubular dentin c. More calcified than intertubular dentin d. Not different from intertubular dentin

c. More calcified than intertubular dentin

Which of the following describes a pronounced band due to the trauma of birth present on the cross section of both enamel and dentin? a. Line of Retzius b. Imbrications line of Von Ebner c. Neonatal line d. Contour line of Owen

c. Neonatal line

Neural crest cells migrate from which embryonic structures? a. Stomodeum b. First branchial arch c. Neural folds d. Frontonasal process

c. Neural folds

Which of the following structures is not part of the enamel organ? a. Stellate reticulum b. Stratum intermedium c. Odontoblastic layer d. Outer epithelial cells

c. Odontoblastic layer

The outer cells of the dental papilla are induced to differentiate into: a. Pulp tissue b. Preameloblasts c. Odontoblasts d. Cementoblasts

c. Odontoblasts

Which of the following functions is performed by the Golgi complex in the cell? a. Metabolized foreign compounds b. Produces ribosomes c. Packages protein compounds d. Produces energy for the cell

c. Packages protein compounds

Which of the following statements are correct when considering odontogenesis? a. Clear-cut beginning and end-point to the process b. Does not include the maturation of the dental tissues c. Parallels the formation of the face d. Does not have any identifiable stages

c. Parallels the formation of the face

Which type of blood cell is directly responsible for immunoglobulin production? a. Neutrophils b. Basophils c. Plasma cells d. Mast cells

c. Plasma cells

Which portion of the enamel organ is the primary source of the junctional epithelium? a. Outer enamel epithelium b. Stellate reticulum c. Stratum intermedium d. Inner enamel epithelium

c. Stratum intermedium

What is the angled portion of the ameloblast that secretes the enamel matrix? a. Inner enamel epithelium b. Repolarized preameloblasts c. Tomes' process d. Disintegrating basement membrane

c. Tomes' process

What is the term for the amount of time it takes for newly divided cells to be completely replaced through a tissue? a. Fusion b. Mitosis c. Turnover d. Meiosis

c. Turnover

Which of the following pulp structures is formed when Hertwig's epithelial root sheath encounters a blood vessel? a. Pulp horn b. Pulp chamber c. Apical foramen d. Accessory canal

d. Accessory canal

Into which cell type does the inner enamel epithelium differentiate during tooth development? a. Odontoblasts b. Osteoblasts c. Chondroblasts d. Ameloblasts

d. Ameloblasts

Cell renewal of the junctional epithelium takes place in the a. Internal basal lamina b. External basal lamina c. Basement membrane d. Basal layer of the tissue

d. Basal layer of the tissue

Which of the following embryonic structures becomes the dentinoenamel junction? a. Inner cells of the dental papilla b. Outer cells of the dental papilla c. Inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ d. Basement membrane between the enamel organ and dental papilla

d. Basement membrane between the enamel organ and dental papilla

Which embryonic structure is specifically responsible for the development of the root? a. Stellate reticulum b. Enamel organ c. Stratum intermedium d. Cervical loop

d. Cervical loop

The fusion of the two palatal shelves with the primary palate is dependent on the: a. Ingrowth from the maxillary arch b. Change in position of the paranasal sinuses c. Continued vertical growth of the processes d. Change in the position of the tongue

d. Change in the position of the tongue

Which of the following basic tissue types is characterized by many different types of cells surrounded by large amounts of intercellular substance with vascularization present? a. Epithelium b. Nerve tissue c. Muscle tissue d. Connective tissue

d. Connective tissue

The failure of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to separate from the dentin surface during root development may give rise to which of the following anomalies? a. Hypercementosis b. Attached cementicles c. Free cementicles d. Enamel pearls

d. Enamel pearls

Which of the following tissues covers and lines both the external and internal body surfaces? a. Adipose b. Connective tissue c. Cartilage d. Epithelium

d. Epithelium

In a lymph node, B-cell lymphocytes mature in the a. Hilus b. Capsule c. Lymph vessels d. Germinal centers

d. Germinal centers

Which type of cellular junction serves to attach the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface? a. Cemental b. Lysosomal c. Desmosomal d. Hemidesomsomal

d. Hemidesomsomal

Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of: a. All layers of the enamel organ b. Enamel organ and dental papilla c. Inner and outer cells of the dental papilla d. Inner and outer enamel epithelium

d. Inner and outer enamel epithelium

Enamel hypocalcification is a type of enamel dysplasia that involves: a. An increased number of ameloblasts b. Reduction in the quantity of enamel matrix c. Grooves and pitting on the enamel surface d. Interference in the metabolic processes of ameloblasts

d. Interference in the metabolic processes of ameloblasts

Which of the following structures is initially formed during the fifth week of prenatal development? a. Neural tube b. Mandibular arch c. Palatal processes d. Intermaxillary segment

d. Intermaxillary segment

The overlapping period between the primary and permanent dentition is considered the: a. Deciduous period b. Adult period c. Secondary period d. Mixed dentition period

d. Mixed dentition period

Which of the following permanent teeth can be considered nonsuccedaneous? a. Incisors b. Canines c. Premolars d. Molars

d. Molars

Nonsuccedaneous permanent teeth develop from buds that grow off an extension of the: a. Successional dental lamina b. Palatal shelves c. Lingual portion of the initial dental lamina d. Primary second molar's dental lamina

d. Primary second molar's dental lamina

From which structure is the palatine tonsillar tissue derived? a. First branchial arches b. Second branchial arches c. First pharyngeal pouches d. Second pharyngeal pouches

d. Second pharyngeal pouches

When is the palate formed? a. During the fourth week of prenatal development b. After adjacent tongue formation begins c. During one week of prenatal development d. Spanning both the embryonic and fetal periods

d. Spanning both the embryonic and fetal periods

Which of the following glands is unencapsulated? a. Submandibular gland b. Thyroid gland c. Parotid gland d. Sublingual gland

d. Sublingual gland

The tongue develops from multiple swellings derived from: a. The outer portions of the maxillary process b. The inferior growth of the inter maxillary segment c. Palatal shelves of the maxillary process d. The first four branchial arches

d. The first four branchial arches

During which week of prenatal development is the palate completed? a. Fifth b. Eighth c. Tenth d. Twelfth

d. Twelfth

During cavity preparation of a tooth, care must be taken to preserve the a. Enamel rod fluid b. Support of the dentinal tubules c. Cemental Vascularity d. Vitality of the pulp

d. Vitality of the pulp