Emergency Nursing Orientation 3.0: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Vascular Access

Intraosseous needles must be replaced within how many hours of insertion?

24

What happens in response to decreased fluid volume, blood flow, and arterial pressure?

Baroreceptors are activated.

When assisting with central venous access, implementing the Central Line Bundle decreases the patient's risk of which complication?

Bloodstream infection

What happens when the serum bicarbonate level increases?

The serum chloride level decreases.

Excess antidiuretic hormone can cause which finding?

Weight gain

Which blood or blood product poses the greatest risk of infectious disease transmission?

Whole blood

Which hormone makes the renal collecting tubules more permeable to water?

Antidiuretic hormone

Which electrolyte imbalance can cause an atrioventricular block?

Hypermagnesemia

A positive Chvostek's sign indicates which electrolyte imbalance?

Hypocalcemia

Which problem may be a complication of steroid therapy?

Hyporeflexia

The thirst mechanism is adversely affected when which structure is not functioning correctly?

Hypothalamus

The thirst mechanism is triggered by receptors in which structure?

Hypothalamus

Which intravenous solution shifts fluid into the intracellular space?

Hypotonic solution

Administration of a hypotonic solution, such as 0.45% normal saline solution, produces which effects?

Hypovolemia and cerebral edema

Besides the bones, where is most magnesium stored?

In the muscles

Which sign or symptom may result from a loss of sodium?

Increased temperature

Most of the body's water content exists in which compartment?

Intracellular

Sodium performs which function?

It moves glucose, insulin, and amino acids across cell membranes

The release of the parathyroid hormone causes which action?

It stimulates the kidneys to excrete more phosphate in the urine

Which organ or organs are the primary regulators of fluid and electrolyte balance?

Kidneys

For a patient with persistent hypokalemia, the nurse should check which electrolyte level?

Magnesium

When a patient's potassium level is 6 mEq/L, the nurse is likely to see which electrocardiogram finding?

Peaked T waves

Which electrolyte is inversely related to calcium?

Phosphate

Which blood product does not require ABO compatibility for infusion?

Platelets

Hypochloremia usually occurs with an imbalance of sodium or which other electrolyte?

Potassium

Which electrolyte has the highest concentration in the intracellular fluid?

Potassium

Which electrocardiogram finding is associated with hypocalcemia?

Prolonged QT intervals

When the blood volume is low, which action occurs first?

Renin is secreted

In adults, the use of which vein increases the patient's risk of embolism and phlebitis?

Saphenous vein

When the serum sodium level falls below 110 mEq/L, which sign or symptom can occur?

Seizures

Which complication may result from the treatment of hypernatremia

Seizures

To determine an accurate total serum calcium level, the laboratory should simultaneously measure which level?

Serum protein

Which dysrhythmia is associated with hyperkalemia?

Sinus bradycardia

Calcium is essential for which function?

Smooth and skeletal muscle contraction

Which electrolyte has the highest concentration in the extracellular fluid?

Sodium

Which electrolyte is primarily responsible for osmotic pressure?

Sodium

For a patient with shock caused by a burn injury, the nurse should expect to administer which blood product?

Albumin

Which condition drives potassium into the cells in exchange for hydrogen ions

Alkalosis

What type of resuscitation fluid is normal saline solution?

An isotonic crystalloid

Which treatment is appropriate for hypermagnesemia?

Calcium gluconate

Changes in the serum sodium level are associated with changes in the level of which other electrolyte?

Chloride

In a patient with salicylate intoxication, which substance is likely to be elevated?

Chloride

Which substance is an intracellular fluid?

Cytoplasm

Which factor increases potassium excretion by the kidneys?

Decreased distal tubular flow

A patient displays carpal spasms when the nurse inflates a blood pressure cuff on his upper arm. In this patient, which finding is most likely?

Decreased magnesium level

Which condition can cause an extracellular fluid volume deficit?

Diabetes insipidus