Emotion and stress

Which of the following situations describes an approach-avoidance conflict?

Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems.

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?

Basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures

Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark's mood?

Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently.

Which of the following is the best example of a homeostatic process?

Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race.

After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?

Drive reduction

Which of the following relates most to the lowest level of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Drive reduction

Which of the following theories suggests that a physiological need creates a state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need?

Drive-reduction

Homeostasis is most closely associated with which motivation theory?

Drive-reduction theory

A hostile person with a type A personality is most at risk for developing which of the following?

Heart disease

Which of the following theories proposes that motivational states are controlled by external stimuli?

Incentive

Which of the following is considered the most basic of needs?

Obtaining food and water

A researcher who considers top-down processing to be essential for understanding emotional experiences would most likely agree with which of the following theories?

Schachter two-factor

When given a drug that produced general arousal, research participants placed in a room with a happy confederate described their emotional state as happy, while those placed in a room with an angry confederate described their emotional state as angry. Which theory of emotion best explains these results?

Schachter-Singer

Which of the following is true of a child with high self-efficacy regarding her ability to play soccer?

She feels confident that she can play well enough to score a goal.

According to Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer's theory of emotion, which of the following is true?

The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person's interpretation of that context.Which of the following is true of a child with high self-efficacy regarding her ability to play soccer? Responses She believes sh

Based only on the variable described for each of the following pairs of individuals, which individuals are most likely to show different facial expressions when experiencing the same emotion?

Two individuals who are from different cultures that have different display rules for the emotion

The above graph is most closely associated with

Yerkes-Dodson Law of Arousal

The final stage of general adaptation theory is known as

exhaustion

A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the

area of the hypothalamus

Hans grew up in Germany and later moved to Japan for a job opportunity. Back at home, he never had issues making friends or had interpersonal issues with colleagues at work, but in his new home, Hans is having difficulty interacting with his colleagues. According to psychologists who study how culture influences behavior, his difficulties most likely stem from

cultural differences in emotional expression and body language between Japan and Germany

On Diane's first day of work she was offered a cookie. When she bit into the cookie, it tasted horrible, but because she wanted to make a good impression, Diane concealed her disgust and smiled instead. Diane's reaction best illustrates

display rules

Paul Ekman found that when Japanese students watched films of surgery, they masked their expressions of disgust with a smile when an authority figure entered the room but not when alone. American students maintained their expressions of disgust both alone and in the presence of an authority figure. Ekman's findings illustrate what he calls

display rules

The neurotransmitter that is primarily associated with the feeling of wanting something is

dopamine

Martin has severely restricted his caloric intake for two weeks to reach a goal weight for his wrestling meet. Immediately after the meet, Martin stops by a restaurant and orders a large pizza and a dessert. This postmeet eating behavior is best explained by

drive-reduction theory

The overjustification effect has led some psychologists to question the value of

extrinsic motivation

The view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of

facial expressions

Nick is smiling even though he does not feel happy. After a short time he feels happier. The best explanation for Nick's change in mood is

facial feedback

An animal will gain weight when

its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged

Sheila has a favorite book that she enjoys so much she has read it several times. This book is now assigned in her literature class, and students receive gift certificates for each chapter they read. As the class progresses through the book, Sheila finds she enjoys it less. This illustrates

overjustification

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain

reactions to stress

Research has shown that the optimal arousal level of an individual performing a given task is

related to task difficulty

The following item refers to a snake frightening Ted. Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. According to the James-Lange theory, after seeing the snake, Ted will most likely

start trembling and then feel fear without explicitly processing the snake

Karen had been working overtime to complete a project so that she could go skiing at the end of the month. On the day of her trip, Karen got sick with the flu and had to cancel. Stress hormones had most likely affected her immune system by

suppressing white blood cells called T lymphocytes

Researchers conduct a study in which university students are asked to solve puzzles, a task that all students in the experiment report enjoying before the study. They split the students into two groups: a group that is paid money for doing the puzzles, and a group that is not. The researchers then observe how often students in each group complete puzzles during their break time when they are allowed to do whatever they want. Assuming that their results are consistent with previous findings, the researchers are most likely to find that

the independent variable—whether or not the students receive money for doing puzzles—has a significant effect, such that students in the paid group spend less time doing puzzles during their break time