EMR FINAL Study guide
Any time a patient has suffered a traumatic injury, you should: A) suspect injury to the head, neck, or spine. B) move the patient with a folding stretcher. C) routinely apply a short backboard device. D) immobilize him or her with a scoop stretcher.
A
What role does insulin play in the body? A) It aids in the body's use of glucose. B) It stimulates the liver to make glucose. C) It breaks down and eliminates glucose. D) It draws glucose from the body's cells.
A
When assisting a patient who is experiencing a severe allergic reaction with his or her medication auto-injector, you should: A) push the injector firmly against the thigh and hold it in place for several seconds. B) confirm that the drug is not expired, but do not administer it until paramedics arrive. C) instruct the patient to self-inject the medication into the muscles of his or her upper arm. D) push the injector firmly into the abdominal muscles and hold it in place for at least 60 seconds.
A
A superficial burn is characterized by: A) the formation of blisters. B) reddened and painful skin. C) a high risk of severe infection. D) a lack of pain as a result of nerve damage.
B
Absorption occurs when a poison enters the body through: A) the mouth and is absorbed by the digestive system .B) intact skin and spreads through the circulatory system. C) the mouth or nose and is absorbed by the respiratory system. D) an opening in the skin and spreads through the circulatory system.
B
A 44-year-old man shot himself in the head with a small-caliber handgun. Law enforcement personnel are at the scene and have the weapon in their possession. The patient is unconscious and is bleeding heavily from the gunshot wound. His wife, who is also present at the scene, tells you that her husband had been severely depressed after losing his job. You should: A) wait for law enforcement to take pictures of the patient and then open the patient's airway. B) control the bleeding from the wound and then assess the status of the patient's airway and breathing. C) provide immediate emotional support to the patient's wife and tell her that his suicide attempt is not her fault. D) obtain a thorough history of the incident from the patient's wife and then begin treating the patient's injury.
B
A __________ is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching of the supporting ligaments. A) strain B) sprain C) fracture D) dislocation
B
A flail chest occurs when: A) two or more ribs are broken in more than one place and the injured part bulges outward when the patient inhales. B) three or more ribs are broken in at least two places and the injured part bulges outward when the patient exhales. C) at least four ribs are broken in more than three places and the injured part moves inward when the patient exhales. D) four or more ribs are broken in more than three places and the injured part bulges outward when the patient inhales.
B
A hiker was bitten on the left leg by an unknown type of snake. Your assessment reveals that the affected area is swollen and tender to the touch. The patient is sweating profusely and is nauseated. Responding paramedics have not arrived at the scene. In addition to keeping the patient calm, you should: A) apply a tourniquet below the area of the bite and elevate the affected extremity at least 10" (25.4cm). B) gently wash the bite area, splint the affected extremity, and place it below the level of the heart. C) have the patient lie down, elevate the affected extremity, and update the responding paramedics. D) advise the paramedics that antivenin will be needed, apply ice to the bite area, and splint the affected extremity.
B
The skin of a patient with deep frostbite is most commonly: A) soft to the touch. B) white and waxy. C) flushed and dry. D) absent of blisters.
B
With assessment-based care, treatment rendered to the patient is based on: A) scene size-up findings. B) the patient's symptoms. C) past medical history findings. D) the patient's current medications.
B
You are assessing a conscious and alert 20-year-old man who complains of dizziness,lightheadedness, and nausea that began after working for several hours in the sun. The ambient temperature is 100°F (38°C). After moving the patient to a cooler environment and assessing him, you should: A) give him 1 to 2 L of cool water for rehydration. B) monitor his ABCs and arrange for transport to the hospital. C) rapidly cool him by applying ice packs to his groin region. D) tell him to go home and get rest before returning to work.
B
You are attempting to communicate with a severely depressed man who lives in a small apartment. In addition to you, there are three law enforcement officers and two fire fighters in the apartment. The patient appears anxious and will not answer your questions. You should: A) reassure the patient that all of you want to help him. B) ask all nonessential personnel to leave the apartment. C) tell the patient that it is all right for him to speak freely. D) ask everyone to leave so that you can be alone with the patient.
B
You arrive at a golf course where a man was struck by lightning. Bystanders have moved the patient to an area of safety. Your primary assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. You should: A) immobilize his spine. B) begin one-rescuer CPR. C) assess him for skin burns. D) immediately attach the AED.
B
A motorcyclist struck a tree at a high rate of speed. The patient, who was not wearing a helmet, has a large bleeding laceration to his forehead. Closer assessment reveals visible bone fragments in the wound. You should do all of the following, except: A) cover the wound with a loose dressing to control the bleeding. B) remain alert for signs and symptoms of a significant brain injury. C) apply a tight pressure dressing to the wound to stop the bleeding. D) evaluate his level of consciousness and stabilize his head and neck.
C
A poison that enters the body through the mouth or nose and is absorbed by the mucous membranes lining the respiratory system is said to be: A) ingested. B) injected .C) inhaled. D) absorbed.
C
Angina pectoris is a condition that occurs when: A) blood flow to the entire heart ceases. B) a blood clot lodges in a coronary artery. C) cardiac oxygen demand exceeds supply. D) a coronary artery is completely blocked.
C
Battle sign is most accurately defined as: A) severe bruising to both eyelids. B) swelling behind one or both ears. C) bruising behind one or both ears. D) swelling and bruising around the eyes.
C
Frostnip is also known as: A) mild frostbite. B) deep frostbite .C) superficial frostbite. D) generalized frostbite.
C
Much of the emergency care you provide to a patient who has been poisoned is based on the: A) route by which the poison entered the body. B) reason why the poisoning incident occurred. C) specific type of poison involved in the incident. D) signs and symptoms the patient is experiencing.
C
A 16-year-old girl intentionally ingested liquid drain cleaner in an attempt to kill herself. She is conscious, alert, and refuses to speak to you. You should: A) induce vomiting with syrup of ipecac. B) determine why she tried to kill herself. C) administer 50 g of activated charcoal. D) arrange for prompt transport to the hospital.
D
You are dispatched to a residence for an injured child. Your unit and a police officer arrive at the scene at the same time. The patient, a 9-year-old boy, has a possible broken arm. The child's father, who appears very nervous, tells you that his son wrecked his bike and that he will take his son to the hospital. Your assessment of the child reveals a deformed left arm and multiple bruises of various colors. The child is clearly frightened and looks at his father every time you ask the child a question. You should: A) place the child's arm in a splint and allow the father to transport his son to an appropriate medical facility. B) ask the father if he intentionally injured his son and advise him that he will be arrested if he does not tell the truth. C) splint the child's arm with the father present and then ask a police officer to arrest the father for abusing his child. D) provide care for the child's injury and ask the police officer to speak with the father in another room as you speak to the child.
D
You have arrived at the scene of a patient with respiratory distress. A responding ambulance is approximately 10 minutes away. After performing a primary assessment and correcting any life threatening conditions, you should: A) monitor the patient's condition until the EMS unit arrives. B) document your assessment and the skills that you performed. C) call online medical control and obtain permission for further care. D) update the responding EMS unit on the patient's present condition.
D
A device that receives a weak radio signal, amplifies that signal, and then rebroadcasts it iscalled a(n): A) repeater. B) amplifier. C) antenna. D) paging system.
a
If a patient is actively seizing, your treatment should focus on: A) restraining the patient .B) terminating the seizure. C) protecting the patient from injury. D) determining the cause of the seizure.
c
A condition characterized by acute spasm of the smaller air passages in the lungs is called: A) asthma. B) bronchitis. C) pneumonia. D) emphysema.
A
A patient's capillary refill time can be longer if he or she is: A) cold. B) anxious. C) in pain. D) younger than 12 years.
A
Activated charcoal works by: A) binding to the poison .B) causing the patient to vomit. C) reversing the effects of the poison. D) facilitating digestion of the poison.
A
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs when: A) one or more layers of the aorta become weakened. B) the aorta completely separates from the ventricle. C) excessive pressure on the aorta causes it to rupture. D) chronic low blood pressure collapses the aortic wall.
A
Carbon monoxide negatively affects the body by: A) preventing red blood cells from carrying oxygen. B) inducing violent vomiting and causing aspiration. C) causing blood to back up into the tissue of the lungs. D) destroying a large number of circulating white blood cells.
A
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart: A) cannot pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body. B) pumps inadequately, causing blood to back up in the vessels. C) is damaged and unable to beat more than 60 times per minute. D) pumps against increased pressure within the circulatory system.
A
Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include: A) fruity breath odor. B) rapid deterioration. C) pale, moist, cool skin. D) dizziness or headache.
A
Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, except: A) flushed, dry skin. B) lightheadedness. C) profuse sweating. D) nausea and dizziness.
A
During the ___________ phase of the abuse cycle, the victim may try to minimize or deny the abuse. A) tension B) chronic C) make-up D) explosive
A
If you are unable to feel a carotid pulse in an unconscious, nonbreathing adult within 5 to 10 seconds, you should: A) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. B) look for and control severe external bleeding. C) locate the radial pulse and assess it for up to 10 seconds. D) provide rescue breathing and reassess for a pulse in 2 minutes.
A
Inhalation of vomitus or other secretions into the lungs is called: A) aspiration .B) respiration. C) ventilation. D) regurgitation.
A
Muscle that is found on the inside of the digestive tract and other internal organs of the body is called: A) smooth muscle. B) cardiac muscle. C) skeletal muscle. D) voluntary muscle.
A
Seizures that are characterized by a brief lapse of consciousness, eye blinking, and a vacant stare are called: A) absence seizures. B) epileptic seizures. C) grand mal seizures. D) generalized seizures.
A
Shortly after you apply an occlusive dressing to the chest of a man who was stabbed, the patient begins to experience increased difficulty breathing. EMTs are en route to the scene but will not arrive for approximately 8 minutes. You should: A) briefly remove a corner of the occlusive dressing to allow air to escape. B) closely monitor the patient's breathing until the responding EMTs arrive. C) apply sterile gauze pads over the occlusive dressing and reassess the man. D) remove the occlusive dressing and promptly update the responding EMTs.
A
The condition in which the body is unable to process and use glucose that is carried by the bloodstream to the cells is called: A) diabetes .B) insulin shock. C) diabetic coma. D) diabetic shock.
A
The first part of determining a conscious patient's level of responsiveness is to: A) introduce yourself to the patient. B) ask the patient why he or she called 9-1-1. C) gently shake the patient to elicit a response. D) pinch the trapezius muscle to elicit a response.
A
The heart receives its oxygen supply from the: A) coronary arteries. B) pulmonary veins. C) pulmonary arteries. D) coronary capillaries.
A
The most effective way to prevent accidental movement of a patient's head when strapping him or her to a long backboard is to: A) secure the head to the backboard after securing the wrist and hip area. B) routinely secure the patient's head to the backboard first. C) secure the torso before centering the patient on the board. D) pad any voids in between the patient and the long backboard.
A
The section of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 that most directly affects EMS relates to: A) patient privacy. B) continuity of care. C) access to health insurance. D) combating waste and fraud.
A
To compensate for fluid loss, the heart: A) begins to pump faster. B) rate becomes slower. C) rhythm becomes irregular. D) decreases its pumping force.
A
With frostnip, the affected part of the body first becomes: A) numb. B) painful. C) swollen. D) pale white.
A
A patient is said to be alert if he or she: A) is confused but is able to tell you the approximate time. B) is able to answer questions accurately and appropriately. C) has not experienced any significant illnesses or injuries. D) reacts to a loud stimulus, such as when you raise your voice.
B
An industrial plant worker was exposed to a dry powdered chemical. Both of the patient's arms are covered with the chemical and the patient complains of intense pain. You should: A) immediately flush the patient's arms with copious amounts of water for at least 20 minutes, scrape away any residual chemical, and then cover the area with moist, sterile dressings. B) have the patient remove his shirt, brush away as much of the chemical as you can, flush the affected area with water for at least 10 minutes, and then cover the area with a sterile burn sheet. C) avoid worsening his pain by not flushing the area with water, have him remove his shirt, apply burn cream or ointment to the area, and then cover the area with a dry, sterile dressing. D) remove the patient's clothing, brush away as much of the chemical as you can, douse the affected area with water for at least 5 minutes, and then cover the area with a moist, sterile dressing.
B
Anaphylactic shock is characterized by: A) itching, a rapid pulse, high blood pressure, and anxiety. B) hives, a rapid pulse, low blood pressure, and unconsciousness. C) rapid facial swelling followed immediately by cardiac arrest. D) red streaks to the face, a weak pulse, and extreme hyperactivity.
B
Enhanced 9-1-1 centers have the capability to: A) provide immediate ALS instructions to the caller. B) determine the physical location of the caller via the computer. C) function as medical control in the absence of a licensed physician. D) automatically dispatch aeromedical support when a call is received.
B
Frostbite can occur in a short period of time, depending on the: A) patient's resting pulse rate. B) temperature and wind speed. C) part of the body that is exposed. D) humidity at the time of exposure.
B
Heatstroke is most accurately defined as a condition in which: A) the patient's body temperature is at least 104°F (40°C). B) the body's sweating mechanism is overwhelmed. C) a drop in blood pressure leads to irreversible shock. D) the body produces more sweat than it can evaporate.
B
Redirection is a technique used to: A) show a person that you understand what he or she is saying. B) focus a patient's attention on the immediate situation or crisis. C) distract a person's attention so that you can perform a procedure. D) focus a patient's attention away from the immediate situation or crisis.
B
Rescue personnel have found a 44-year-old man who was lost in the woods for 24 hours. The ambient temperature is 30°F (-1°C), and it is sleeting. Your assessment reveals that the patient is semiconscious and is not shivering. In addition to maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation, you should: A) give him hot soup or coffee to drink. B) place warm blankets under and over him. C) raise his body temperature with heat packs.' D) apply an AED in case cardiac arrest occurs.
B
The five sections of the spine, in descending order, are the: A) coccyx, sacrum, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical. B) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.' C) thoracic, sacrum, coccyx, cervical, and lumbar. D) sacrum, cervical, lumbar, thoracic, and coccyx.
B
Upon arriving at the scene of an incident and determining that there are multiple patients, you should: A) begin immediate triage and care for all the patients. B) request additional resources before treating any patients. C) triage all patients first and then call for additional resources. D) call for help if at least two of the patients are critically injured.
B
When the body gets too cold, the blood vessels: A) remain at a constant size to maintain body temperature. B) constrict to shunt warm blood to the body's core. C) dilate to bring cold blood to the surface of the skin. D) constrict initially but then dilate to maintain temperature.
B
Which of the following is not a solid structure of the abdomen? A) Liver B) Small intestine C) Pancreas D) Spleen
B
Which of the following statements regarding the scene size-up is correct? A) Dispatch information is usually of minimal value during your size-up of a scene .B) The scene size-up begins before you arrive at the actual scene of the emergency. C) A thorough scene size-up can provide you with only a limited amount of information .D) The time and day of the week can affect the decisions you make about the scene size-up.
B
Capillary bleeding is characterized by: A) rapid and profuse blood loss. B) a steady flow of dark red blood. C) blood that oozes from the patient's injury. D) bright red blood that spurts from the injury.
C
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is caused by: A) narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. B) a severe infection that affects the lungs. C) failure of the heart to pump adequately. D) a significant decrease in blood pressure.
C
General treatment for shock includes: A) elevating the patient's head 6" to 12" (15.2 to 30.4 cm). B) giving the patient small sips of warm water. C) maintaining body temperature with blankets. D) definitively treating the cause of the shock.
C
If you are not sure whether a conscious patient is experiencing hypoglycemia or diabetic coma, you should: A) avoid giving any sugar. B) determine if the pulse is fast. C) administer a sugar substance .D) look for a medical identification bracelet.
C
Insulin is produced by the: A) liver. B) spleen. C) pancreas. D) gallbladder.
C
The correct compression to ventilation ratio for adult CPR is: A) 5:1. B) 15:2. C) 30:2. D) 30:1.
C
The purpose of noting the mechanism of injury (MOI) is to: A) identify life-threatening injuries that the patient has. B) rule out the possibility of any life-threatening injuries. C) allow you to predict what injuries the patient may have. D) determine whether the patient's problem is medical or trauma.
C
The purpose of the secondary assessment is to: A) rapidly identify and immediately correct any conditions that pose an imminent threat to the patient's life. B) diagnose the patient's condition and inform the incoming EMS unit of your physicalexamination findings. C) assess for non-life-threatening conditions after immediate life threats have been identified and corrected during the primary assessment. D) obtain the patient's vital signs to determine whether his or her condition is deteriorating or improving over a specific period of time.
C
The signs and symptoms of a stroke vary depending on: A) the patient's age and gender. B) whether a seizure occurred. C) the portion of the brain that is affected. D) how high the patient's blood pressure is.
C
When a light is shone into a patient's pupil, the pupil should: A) dilate. B) enlarge. C) constrict. D) remain the same size.
C
A 16-year-old boy experienced a possible spinal injury after he dove into shallow water. Your assessment reveals that he is unconscious, and only his abdomen moves when he breathes. There are no secretions in his mouth. After your partner manually stabilizes the patient's head, you should: A) perform abdominal thrusts to remove any water from his lungs, and then begin artificial ventilation. B) carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, suction his mouth for 20 seconds, and give oxygen. C) log roll the patient onto his side, monitor his airway and breathing, and wait for a responding EMS crew. D) open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver and provide rescue breathing with a pocket mask device.
D
A major sign or symptom of CHF is: A) chest pain. B) cold, pale skin. C) a rapid pulse rate. D) breathing difficulty.
D
A paramedic unit requests that you respond to a call involving an injury to an elderly woman. Upon your arrival, you assess the patient and have reason to believe that she has been abused. A relative of the patient is present at the scene. You should: A) ask the relative if the patient has been abused by the family. B) notify law enforcement and have the family member arrested. C) avoid divulging your suspicions unless you are asked about them. D) report your suspicions to the paramedics and document carefully.
D
A poison is most accurately defined as a: A) toxic chemical that is injected directly into a large vein. B) substance that requires large quantities to be fatal. C) chemical that causes severe illness only when it is ingested. D) substance that can cause death in relatively small quantities.
D
A pulse can be felt anywhere on the body where a/an: A) vein lies close to the surface of the skin. B) artery passes through soft tissue structures. C) vein passes over a hard surface such as a bone .D) artery passes over a hard surface such as a bone.
D
A stroke is most accurately defined as: A) bleeding within the brain as a result of chronic high blood pressure. B) a ruptured artery within the brain that results in brain damage. C) irreversible brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen in the body. D) damage or death of a portion of the brain as a result of a lack of oxygen.
D
A young boy has what appears to be a small laceration to his eyeball after his sister threw a toy at him. The child is crying but is cooperative. You should: A) cover both eyes with moist gauze pads, have the patient sit up, and arrange for prompt transport. B) apply moist pressure dressings to the injured eye and arrange for transport to an optometrist. C) apply a protective shield over the injured eye and have a parent take him to the emergency room. D) cover the eye with a dry gauze pad, lie the patient on his back, and arrange for transport to the hospital.
D
All of the following are functions of the skin, except: A) regulating body temperature .B) protecting against harmful substances. C) receiving information from the environment. D) producing sweat when body temperature falls.
D
An infant's normal heart rate ranges between: A) 60 and 100 beats/min. B) 100 and 120 beats/min. C) 70 and 150 beats/min. D) 90 and 180 beats/min.
D
During the primary assessment, you should: A) determine whether additional resources are needed. B) determine whether the scene is safe for you to enter. C) perform a comprehensive examination of the patient. D) identify and correct all life-threatening conditions.
D
High humidity reduces the body's ability to: A) produce sweat. B) cool itself by radiation. C) lose body heat by shivering. D) lose heat through evaporation.
D
How may the mammalian diving reflex protect a person who was submerged in cold water for an extended period of time? A) The reflex rapidly increases the metabolic rate, which produces heat energy. B) The reflex increases the heart rate, which supplies more oxygen to the brain. C) The reflex increases oxygen consumption because of a profoundly slow heart rate. D) The reflex slows the heart rate and metabolic rate and decreases oxygen demand.
D
Hypoglycemia occurs when the: A) diabetic patient eats an excessive amount of sugar. B) level of sugar in the blood is elevated significantly. C) body does not produce an adequate supply of insulin. D) body has enough insulin but not enough blood glucose.
D
It is most important that you never assume that an apparently intoxicated person is drunk because: A) alcoholism is a disease and you must be respectful of the patient. B) people who are alcoholics are extremely sensitive to their disease. 'C) you will likely be sued if you do so and the patient was not drunk. D) a serious illness or injury can mimic alcohol intoxication.
D
The pulse is a pressure wave generated through the body's arteries when the __________ contracts. A) aorta B) left atrium C) right atrium D) left ventricle
D
The systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements represent: A) the amount of blood that the heart pumps in one contraction. B) the length of time that it takes blood to circulate through the body. C) the length of time that it takes the heart to relax after a contraction. D) the pressures found in the arteries as the heart contracts and relaxes.
D
When treating a patient with chemical burns to the eyes, you should flush the eyes with water for at least ____ minutes. A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 20
D
While assessing a conscious and alert 28-year-old man who was exposed to the cold for a prolonged period of time, you note that he is shivering and his fingers are numb and pale. Initial care includes: A) briskly rubbing his fingers with your hands. B) rubbing his hands with a chemical heat pack. C) submerging his hands in water that is 120°F (49°C). D) asking him to place his hands in his armpits.
D
In general, a hypothermic patient should not be considered dead until: A) his or her body temperature is raised above 85°F (29°C). B) muscle stiffness occurs and a pulse is absent. C) he or she is rewarmed at an appropriate hospital. D) CPR has been performed for at least 10 minutes.
c
A pulse is felt: A) when a wave of pressure is created by the heart as it forces blood into the arteries. B) on any part of the body where a large vein lies close to the surface of the skin. C) as oxygen and nutrients pass from the blood cells into the cells of the body tissues. D) wherever a large capillary lies between a bony structure and a thin layer of skin.
A
A pulse is generated when the: A) heart contracts and sends a wave of pressure through the arteries. B) veins of the body contract in response to contraction of the heart. C) heart relaxes and pressure on the walls of the arteries is relieved. D) arteries contract in response to the strong pumping force of the heart.
A
By compressing a patient's sternum during CPR, you: A) change pressure in the patient's chest and force blood through the body. B) dramatically increase the amount of blood that is oxygenated in the lungs. C) will often cause a spontaneous return of pulse after about 5 to 10 minutes. D) can sustain his or her life indefinitely if compressions are of adequate depth.
A
Difficulty sleeping may be a difficult sign of stress to recognize in emergency responders because: A) shift work or rotating hours make normal sleep patterns hard to maintain. B) stress usually causes emergency responders to request additional hours. C) increased adrenalin levels often cause the responder to be hyperactive. D) the emergency responder often responds to stress by sleeping excessively.
A
For a patient to be legally able to make a decision regarding his or her own health care, he or shemust: A) be of legal age as defined by state law. B) have a non-life-threatening injury or illness. C) have at least two witnesses present at the scene. D) accept EMS transport to an appropriate hospital.
A
If you are by yourself and a child with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should: A) perform five cycles of CPR and then activate EMS. B) immediately call EMS and then return to the child. C) lay the child supine and perform abdominal thrusts. D) roll the child on his or her side and deliver back slaps.
A
In contrast to the prefix arterio-, the prefix vaso- means: A) vessel. B) artery. C) vein. D) capillary.
A
The EMR must possess the ability to: A) treat patients using limited equipment. B) sustain a patient's life for several hours. C) avoid improvisation whenever possible. D) function at the same level as an EMT.
A
The central nervous system is composed of the: A) brain and spinal cord. B) spinal cord and its nerve fibers. C) region of the brain that regulates breathing. D) nerve fibers that extend throughout the body.
A
The circulatory system is responsible for: A) pumping blood through the body. B) enriching the blood with oxygen. C) producing oxygen-carrying blood cells. D) producing carbon dioxide in the body.
A
The recovery position is used for patients who are: A) unconscious and not injured. B) experiencing respiratory distress. C) severely obese and not breathing. D) semiconscious with a neck injury.
A
Thin-walled vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called: A) veins. B) arteries. C) arterioles. D) capillaries.
A
To comply with the standard of care, the EMR must: A) treat the patient to the best of his or her ability and provide care that a reasonable,prudent person with similar training would provide under similar circumstances. B) provide prompt and competent care that is consistent with what is deemed appropriate by the paramedic in charge and that is clearly defined in the EMS system protocols. C) provide the same prompt and competent care that an individual with a higher level of training would have provided under the same or similar circumstances. D) treat the patient in a manner that is consistent with what is expected of the general public and that meets or exceeds the EMR's established scope of practice.
A
When moving a patient, who typically gives the command to begin the move? A) The rescuer at the patient's head B) The strongest rescuer at the scene C) The most senior responder at the scene D) The paramedic in charge of patient care
A
Which bone is located on the medial aspect of the forearm? A) Ulna B) Radius C) Fibula D) Humerus
A
Which of the following is not a criterion used by the National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration (NHTSA) to evaluate an EMS system? A) Billing and collections B) Resource management C) Regulation and policy D) Education of the public
A
Which of the following prefixes is used when referring to the heart? A) Cardio- B) Hyper- C) Hypo- D) Vaso-
A
Which of the following statements regarding a base station is correct? A) A base station is used by dispatchers to send and receive messages to and from all parts ofthe service area. B) Base stations are attached to more than one antenna but can transmit and receive on only onefrequency. C) A base station is a powerful mobile two-way radio system that is designed to transmit onmultiple frequencies. D) Most base stations can be mobilized and deployed quickly to a remote location in an emergencysituation.
A
Caffeine is a drug that: A) decreases your reaction time. B) causes a drop in blood pressure. C) results in a low level of activity. D) causes a release of adrenaline.
D
A 60-year-old man is found sitting in his car alongside the road. There is no apparent damage tohis vehicle. Your assessment reveals that the man is in cardiac arrest. You should: A) begin CPR while the patient is still in his car and remove him from the car when additionalhelp arrives. B) grasp the patient under his arms, cradle his head between your arms, and remove him from thevehicle. C) recline the seat completely back, get inside the car, and begin CPR until additional helparrives at the scene. D) grasp the patient by his arms and rapidly drag him from the vehicle while protecting his head and neck as much as possible.
B
A device that separates into left and right halves and is helpful when moving a patient from asmall place is called a: A) folding stretcher. B) scoop stretcher. C) flexible stretcher. D) semi-rigid stretcher.
B
A patient with neurologic trauma has injury to some part of the: A) vasculature. B) nervous system. C) brain or spinal cord. D) cardiovascular system.
B
All of the following are part of the normal grieving process, except: A) anger. B) violence. C) depression. D) acceptance.
B
An important aspect of caring for a sick or injured child is to: A) remove any toys because they will likely distract the child. B) ask a parent to hold the child if the illness or injury permits. C) stand over the child to reassure him or her that you can help. D) recall that most children are uncooperative when they are sick.
B
Bile is produced by the __________and is stored in the __________ . A) pancreas, liver B) liver, gallbladder C) pancreas, stomach D) gallbladder, kidneys
B
Communication with a physician via two-way radio or wireless telephone is an example of: A) indirect medical control. B) online medical control. C) off-line medical control. D) standard operating protocol.
B
If the AED states that a shock is advised, you should: A) deliver the shock and assess for a pulse. B) ensure that no one is touching the patient. C) allow the AED to reanalyze the cardiac rhythm. D) perform 30 seconds of CPR and then defibrillate.
B
In addition to ensuring your own safety, the most important guideline to follow when moving a patient is to: A) move the patient's body as a unit. B) do no further harm to the patient. C) move the patient as little as possible. D) move the patient only when necessary.
B
In general, you should never change or alter a patient care report, unless: A) a paramedic or licensed physician orders you to do so. B) you need to correct an error to ensure that the information is accurate. C) law enforcement personnel need the report for legal reasons. D) the patient's condition deteriorated after a paramedic assumed care.
B
In order to keep his or her certification current, the EMR must: A) meet with the medical director. B) attend continuing education classes. C) be evaluated by a senior paramedic. D) respond to at least five calls per month.
B
In which of the following situations should you not initiate CPR? A) A defibrillator is not readily available. B) There is evidence of tissue decomposition. C) The arrest interval is more than 5 minutes. D) Paramedic arrival is greater than 10 minutes.
B
In which of the following situations would the use of a stair chair be ideal? A) A patient who is unconscious with poor breathing effort B) A patient with shortness of breath and no history of trauma C) A patient with trouble breathing following trauma to the chest D) A patient with neck and back pain following a motor vehicle crash
B
The EMS system can be considered a component of public health because: A) EMS provides transportation directly to an emergency department. B) the services it provides are available to all people in a community. C) its primary role is to provide illness and injury prevention programs. D) the health department mandates that EMS responders carry certain equipment.
B
The function of the right atrium is to: A) pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs. B) receive blood from the veins of the body. C) pump oxygenated blood throughout the body. D) receive blood that is returning from the lungs.
B
The left ventricle is the most muscular chamber of the heart because it: A) receives a lot of blood from the aorta. B) must pump blood throughout the entire body. C) receives large amounts of blood from the body. D) must pump adequate amounts of blood to the lungs.
B
The major bones of the head include the: A) skull and facial bones. B) skull and lower jawbone. C) upper jawbone and skull. D) upper and lower jawbones.
B
The oropharynx is also known as the: A) nose. B) mouth. C) throat. D) windpipe.
B
The sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the: A) coccyx, sacrum, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical. B) cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx. C) thoracic, cervical, sacrum, lumbar, and coccyx. D) cervical, thoracic, sacrum, coccyx, and lumbar.
B
What effects does caffeine have on the body? A) Overhydration and decreased stress levels B) Increased blood pressure and increased stress C) Decreased alertness, sleepiness, and depression D) Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
B
What should you do if the chest of a stoma patient does not rise during your attempt to ventilate? A) Reposition the head and reattempt to ventilate. B) Seal the mouth and nose and reattempt to ventilate. C) Hyperextend the patient's head and reattempt to ventilate. D) Suction the patient's stoma for no longer than 20 seconds.
B
When EMTs or paramedics arrive at an emergency scene, the EMR should: A) disengage from patient care and give them room to work. B) provide them with a hand-off report and assist as needed. C) apprise family members who may be present at the scene. D) notify the dispatcher of their arrival and then depart the scene.
B
When a person swallows food or liquid, it does not enter the trachea because the: A) esophagus is a larger opening than the trachea. B) epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing. C) muscles of the larynx spasm during swallowing. D) trachea briefly closes during the swallowing process.
B
When performing chest compressions on a small child, you should: A) deliver at least 120 compressions per minute. B) place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest. C) compress the chest to a depth of at least 2" (5 cm). D) use your middle and ring fingers to compress the sternum.
B
When performing chest compressions on any patient, it is important to: A) compress the chest to a depth of 1" to 2" (2.5 to 5 cm). B) allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions. C) deliver two rescue breaths after every 15 chest compressions. D) rest your fingers on the chest wall to help support your hands.
B
When performing two-rescuer CPR on an infant or child, you should: A) switch roles after every 20 cycles of CPR. B) give two breaths after every 15 compressions. C) deliver each rescue breath over 1 to 2 seconds. D) use the heel of one hand to compress the chest.
B
When you encounter a patient with a significant illness, it is important to remember that he orshe: A) is usually depressed and will not talk. B) may be experiencing any stage of grief. C) will always project anger toward you. D) has probably already accepted the situation.
B
Which of the following statements regarding an EMR's attitude and conduct is not correct? A) As an EMR, you will be judged by your attitude and conduct. B) A stern tone of voice will ensure that you gain your patient's confidence. C) Information regarding the patient should not be shared with your family. D) Maintaining a neat and professional appearance provides reassurance.
B
Which of the following statements regarding stress is correct? A) Mass-casualty incidents typically produce low stress levels. B) Past experiences may make it difficult to deal with stress. C) Most emergency calls produce only a minor level of stress. D) Very young patients tend to cause the least amount of stress.
B
Which of the following statements regarding the two-person chair carry technique is correct? A) A folding chair should be used whenever possible. B) The patient generally feels more secure with this carry than with the seat carry. C) It is of minimal use when moving a patient through a narrow hallway. D) The rescuer at the foot end of the chair should be facing away from the patient.
B
Your assessment of an adult male reveals that he is unresponsive. After positioning the patientonto his back and instructing a bystander to call 9-1-1. You should: A) perform 30 chest compressions followed by two slow breaths. B) check for a pulse for no longer than 10 seconds. C) open the airway and deliver two breaths, each lasting 1 second. D) perform 15 chest compressions followed by two slow breaths.
B
After blood picks up oxygen in the lungs, it: A) is eliminated from the body. B) is received by the right atrium. C) is combined with carbon dioxide. D) returns to the left side of the heart.
D
A patient presents with yellow skin color. You should suspect: A) a lack of oxygen. B) excessive circulation. C) problems with the liver. D) decreased circulation.
C
A snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing is most often the result of: A) blood or other fluids in the upper airway. B) narrowing of the upper airway structures. C) partial blockage of the airway by the tongue. D) a respiratory rate that is too slow or too fast.
C
After a patient experiences cardiac arrest, brain damage begins within: A) 1 to 2 minutes. B) 2 to 4 minutes. C) 4 to 6 minutes. D) 6 to 8 minutes.
C
Airway obstruction removal attempts in a conscious infant consist of: A) abdominal thrusts. B) chest compressions. C) back slaps and chest thrusts. D) back slaps and blind finger sweeps.
C
If a rescuer is alone with an infant or child who is in cardiac arrest, when should the rescueractivate the EMS system? A) As soon as cardiac arrest is confirmed B) After 3 to 5 minutes of rescue breathing C) After five cycles (about 2 minutes) of CPR D) When the rescuer is too exhausted to continue
C
If you are alone with an unresponsive adult patient, you should first: A) check the pulse for no longer than 10 seconds. B) quickly visualize the patient's chest to look for signs of breathing. C) activate the EMS system and return to the patient. D) perform 2 minutes of CPR and then activate the EMS system.
C
Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients have an irregular electrical heart rhythm called: A) asystole. B) ventricular tachycardia. C) ventricular fibrillation. D) pulseless electrical activity.
C
The first link in the chain of survival involves: A) cooling the body to protect the brain. B) the administration of drugs by paramedics. C) recognizing cardiac arrest and calling 9-1-1. D) performing defibrillation within 2 to 3 minutes.
C
The main purpose of the respiratory system is to: A) ensure that the body receives a constant supply of carbon dioxide. B) deliver oxygenated blood to all of the tissues and organs in the body. C) provide oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the red blood cells. D) convert oxygen to carbon dioxide during the process of metabolism.
C
The proper oxygen flow rate is determined by the: A) size of the cylinder you are using and the pressure within it. B) presence of heat, flames, or oily substances near the cylinder. C) patient's condition and type of oxygen delivery device used. D) amount of time that it will likely take to transport the patient.
C
The respiratory system functions by: A) transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body. B) eliminating damaged blood cells from the body. C) bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide. D) ensuring that an adequate amount of oxygen reaches the body's cells.
C
The spine consists of___________ vertebrae. A) 26 B) 30 C) 33 D) 36
C
When can the rescuer who is manually stabilizing a patient's head safely let go of the head? A) After an appropriately sized cervical collar has been applied B) As soon as the patient's torso has been secured to the board C) After the head has been secured to the board with blanket rolls D) As soon as the patient is adequately centered on the backboard
C
When inserting an oral airway in an adult, you should: A) guide the tip along the curvature of the patient's tongue. B) insert the airway in the same direction it will rest in the mouth. C) rotate the airway 180° until the flange rests on the patient's teeth. D) continuously suction the patient's mouth to keep it clear of fluids.
C
When performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction, you should: A) reassess the patient after every set of 10 thrusts. B) ensure that the patient is lying supine on the ground. C) continue the thrusts until the patient becomes unresponsive. D) perform each thrust using one hand directly over the navel.
C
Which of the following concepts is the first and most important when providing patient care? A) Render proper treatment B) Maintain your composure C) Above all else, do no harm D) Provide your care in good faith
C
While at the scene of a motor vehicle crash on a hot afternoon, you begin experiencinglightheadedness and feel like you are going to faint. There are ample personnel to take care of thepatients. You should: A) continue working but stop if your symptoms get worse. B) get a cup of coffee and immediately sit down in the shade. C) rehabilitate yourself by drinking water or a sports drink. D) leave the scene at once and seek the care of a physician.
C
While you treat an elderly patient, he tells you that he bleeds easily. Which of the followingwould most likely cause this? A) Weak bone structure B) Progressive liver failure C) Inadequate platelet count D) Increased white blood cell count
C
With regard to lifting and moving, good body mechanics includes: A) twisting your body slightly when lifting. B) keeping your feet no less than 3 (1 m) apart. C) using your legs and not your back when lifting. D) lifting with the strong musculature of your back.
C
An EMR has a legal duty to act: A) even when outside of his or her response jurisdiction. B) if he or she encounters an emergency scene while not on duty. C) only if he or she is not paid by a fire department or rescue squad. D) while employed by an agency that designates you as an EMR.
D
An appropriately sized cervical collar is designed to: A) completely immobilize the patient's head and neck. B) replace manual stabilization of a patient's head and neck. C) be applied after the patient has been placed onto a backboard. D) minimize head and neck movement and prevent further injury.
D
A 4-year-old boy was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical outlet. You arrive at thescene and assess the child, who is motionless. He is not breathing and does not have a pulse. Aresponding ambulance is approximately 5 minutes away and you are by yourself. The most appropriatetreatment sequence for this child consists of: A) opening the airway, delivering two rescue breaths, and performing 15 chest compressions. B) performing 15 chest compressions, opening the airway, and delivering two rescue breaths. C) opening the airway, delivering two rescue breaths, and performing 30 chest compressions. D) performing 30 chest compressions, opening the airway, and delivering two rescue breaths.
D
A DNR order is a written request giving permission for medical personnel not to: A) give oxygen to a patient with severe hypoxemia. B) begin resuscitation unless the patient is in shock. C) render treatment to patients with a terminal illness. D) attempt resuscitation in the event of cardiac arrest.
D
A chronically ill patient who is experiencing denial: A) commonly makes statements such as "Why me?" B) is typically withdrawn and will not speak to you. C) usually tries to make a deal to avoid the inevitable. D) often cannot believe what is happening to him or her.
D
A patient is in the anatomic position when he or she is: A) standing facing you with arms to the side and palms touching the side of the lowerextremities. B) lying down on his or her back with the arms at the sides and the palms facing downward. C) lying down on his or her side with the arms above the head and the hands clenched in a fist. D) standing facing you with arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing outward.
D
During your assessment of a 21-year-old man who fell from a roof, you note the presence ofbruising on the medial aspect of the anterior trunk. What part of the body is this describing? A) Toward the midline on the back of the torso B) Away from the midline on the back of the torso C) Away from the midline on the front part of the torso D) Toward the midline on the front part of the torso
D
Fibrous bands that connect bones to each other are called: A) joints. B) tendons. C) muscles. D) ligaments.
D
If an adult with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, you should lay him or her on theground and: A) perform a blind finger sweep. B) assess for a pulse for 10 seconds. C) attempt to give two rescue breaths. D) immediately begin chest compressions.
D
If you suspect that a patient has suffered a head or spine injury, you should: A) move the patient quickly so that his or her spine can be immobilized. B) allow the patient to move slowly as you stabilize his or her head. C) carefully move the patient in a sitting position to avoid further injury. D) keep the patient's head and spine immobilized to avoid movement.
D
On the human body, proximal means: A) a position that is closest to the body's midline. B) toward or positioned on the back side of the body. C) a position that is closer to the head than the feet. D) close to the point where an arm or leg is attached.
D
The first step in caring for a conscious person who may have an obstructed airway is to: A) perform a finger sweep. B) open the patient's airway. C) perform 5 to 10 abdominal thrusts. D) ask the patient if he or she is choking.
D
The location of a lateral body part is: A) in the lower part of the body. B) at the highest point of the body. C) toward the center of the body. D) away from the midline of the body.
D
The prefix hyper- means: A) rapid or swift. B) below or deficient. C) abnormally slow. D) above or excessive.
D
The term "anterior" refers to the: A) top. B) back. C) sides. D) front.
D
What level of EMS provider is able to perform limited ALS skills? A) EMR B) EMT C) Paramedic D) Advanced EMT
D
When opening the airway of a patient who has a stoma, you should: A) hyperextend the patient's head. B) slightly flex the patient's head. C) perform the jaw-thrust maneuver. D) keep the patient's neck straight.
D
When treating any critically ill or injured patient, it is important to: A) reassure the patient that you are competent and that he or she will not die. B) allow multiple family members to speak to the patient at any given time. C) minimize communications with the patient to facilitate treatment. D) treat the patient the same way you would want your family member treated.
D
Which of the following statements regarding ambulance stretchers is correct? A) All ambulance stretchers have the same operational features. B) Ambulance stretchers should only be operated by two people. C) Ambulance stretchers will accommodate patients of any weight. D) It is best to use four people if the ambulance stretcher must be lifted or carried.
D
While eating in a restaurant, you see a man sitting at a nearby table suddenly stand up and begincoughing forcefully. His wife franticly screams, "He's choking!" and begs for someone to help. Youshould: A) deliver back slaps until the man stops coughing and can speak easily. B) perform abdominal thrusts until the man expels the obstructing object. C) perform the Heimlich maneuver only if the man has difficulty speaking. D) encourage the man to keep coughing and ask an employee to call 9-1-1.
D
While preparing to apply the AED pads to an adult patient's chest, you note that he has atransdermal medication patch where the sternum pad needs to be placed. You should: A) apply the AED pad 1" lower than the medication patch. B) place the patient prone and apply the AED pads to his back. C) continue CPR only until a paramedic unit arrives at the scene. D) remove the medication patch, wipe the skin, and apply the AED pad.
D
The appropriate landmark for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction is: A) directly over the patient's navel. B) slightly below the xiphoid process. C) above the navel and below the xiphoid process. D) approximately 1" to 2" (2.5 to 5 cm) below the patient's navel.
c
A patient who verbally or nonverbally lets you know that he or she is willing to accept treatmentis giving you consent. A) informed B) implied C) expressed D) assumed
c
All of the following are important principles of patient movement when a spinal injury issuspected, except: A) ensuring that you move the patient as a unit. B) ensuring that one rescuer gives all commands to move. C) transporting the patient on the left side in case of vomiting. D) keeping the patient's head and neck in a neutral position.
c
Compared to veins, arteries: A) carry blood back to the heart under low pressure. B) are thin-walled and carry blood back to the heart. C) carry blood away from the heart at high pressure. D) return blood back to the heart and are thick-walled.
c
The US Department of Transportation's responsibility is to: A) determine each EMR's scope of practice. B) credential the EMR through a system of testing. C) develop the national education standards for the EMR. D) maintain a registry of all certified EMRs in the country.
c
You are the first medically trained person to arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash. The patient is conscious and is bleeding heavily from a wound on his head. He is still in the vehicle, which has power lines draped across the hood. You should: A) carefully remove the patient from the vehicle without touching any metal. B) ask the patient to crawl out of the vehicle carefully without touching metal. C) advise the patient to remain still and immediately contact the power company. D) put on rubber gloves and carefully move the power lines away from the car.
c