EMT 116 Final
A 4-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned?
30%
Which of the following interventions may be used to help reduce intracranial pressure?
30-degree elevation of the head
The cervical spine is composed of _____ vertebrae.
7
Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has a fracture of the forearm with severe external bleeding?
Air Splint
Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is most often the result of:
traumatic aortic rupture
If you do not have the appropriate-size cervical collar, you should:
use rolled towels to immobilize the patient's head.
The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:
your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.
The upper jawbones are called the:
maxillae
When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the:
mechanism of injury.
When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:
might rise as high as the nipple line
A burn extending into the subcutaneous fat would be classified as which type of burn?
Full thickness
Facial injuries should be identified and treated as soon as possible because:
of the risk for airway problems.
Which of the following statements regarding rebound tenderness is correct?
It is often discovered when the patient is jarred or moved suddenly.
Which of the following statements regarding lightning strikes is correct?
Lightning strikes might cause cardiac dysrhythmias that spontaneously resolve.
Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is the least severe?
Nondisplaced pelvic fracture
Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would most likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?
Shoulder fracture
A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.
Sprain
Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?
Spurting under pressure
Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of dressings used in the prehospital management of most open wounds?
Sterile
The hallmark sign of compartment syndrome is:
pain out of proportion to the injury.
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma is correct?
The absence of abdominal pain does not rule out intra-abdominal bleeding.
Which of the following statements regarding a basilar skull fracture is correct?
The absence of raccoon eyes or Battle's sign does not rule it out.
Which of the following is responsible for most of the signs and symptoms of early shock?
The body's attempts at compensation for blood loss
Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:
a poorly placed lap belt.
Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, except:
a relatively small surface area
Signs of late heatstroke include:
a weak, rapid pulse.
During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak, and his skin is cool and clammy. You should:
administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.
Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:
air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung
The most significant complication associated with facial injuries is:
airway compromise
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid secondary assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:
apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.
When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car versus pedestrian collision, you should first:
approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian.
Which of the following statements regarding crush syndrome is correct?
Compromised arterial blood flow leads to crush syndrome and can occur when an area of the body is trapped for longer than 4 hours.
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?
Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing.
Irritation or damage to the pleural surfaces that causes sharp chest pain during inhalation is called:
pleurisy
Crepitus and false motion are:
positive indicators of a fracture.
High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:
radiation
In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange take place and also has the thinnest walls through which oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass?
capillaries
Coordination of balance and body movement is controlled by the:
cerebellum
A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused, has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:
check breathing and administer high-flow oxygen.
Signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax include all of the following, except:
collapsed jugular veins.
A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient has:
compartment syndrome.
The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:
constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.
The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:
convection
Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:
red areas of skin.
When caring for an occupant inside a motor vehicle equipped with an air bag that did not deploy upon impact, it is MOST important to:
remember that it could still deploy and seriously injure you.
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.
The systemic veins function by:
returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
The white portion of the eye is called the:
sclera
You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia. The patient is conscious, alert, and actively shivering. His respiratory rate is increased, but his breathing is unlabored, and the pulse oximeter reads 72%. The pulse oximetry reading is most likely:
secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities.
The presence of tachycardia following a significant abdominal injury:
should be assumed to be a sign of shock.
All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, except the:
spleen
The most significant hazard associated with splinting is:
delaying transport of a critically injured patient.
The frontal and parietal bones of the skull are especially susceptible to:
depressed skull fractures
Burns are classified according to:
depth and extent.
Bleeding from soft-tissue injuries to the face is most effectively controlled with:
direct pressure using dry, sterile dressings.
A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:
distal humerus
During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:
during the tertiary phase.
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin?
ears
A(n) __________ fracture occurs in the growth section of a child's bone and might lead to bone growth abnormalities.
epiphyseal
A nosebleed is called _______:
epistaxis
High humidity reduces the body's ability to lose heat through:
evaporation
Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are:
falls and motor vehicle collisions.
Which of the following is of LEAST importance when initially assessing the severity of a burn?
favorite meal eaten
A 40-year-old unrestrained female impacted the steering wheel of her vehicle with her chest when she hit a tree while traveling at 45 mph. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing significant chest pain and shortness of breath. Which of the following injuries did this patient likely NOT experience?
head injury
Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia?
hyperglycemia
You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:
immediately request ALS support
Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen after blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury to the:
liver
You and your partner are preparing to apply a traction splint to a patient's deformed thigh. As you apply manual traction, the patient resists your efforts and states that the pain is getting worse. You should:
stop and splint the leg in the deformed position.
Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.
striated
Frequent reassessments of the patient with face or neck injuries are most important because:
such injuries can affect the respiratory system.
Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:
superficial
The two most efficient ways for the body to eliminate excess heat are:
sweating and vasodilation
You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be MOST concerned with:
the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.
When the parasympathetic nervous system is activated:
the heart rate decreases and the blood vessels dilate.
Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:
the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.
Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the:
thoracic and lumbar spine
The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:
traction
A hematoma develops when:
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged.
Your patient is a 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do now?
Elevate that arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent.
If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:
The patient history
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?
The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.
Your patient is a 19-year-old motorcyclist who has crashed into a parked car and was ejected from his motorcycle. He was wearing a helmet; he is awake, shivering, and anxious. The patient is pale, with slight cyanosis of his lips, a slightly increased respiratory rate, and a rapid, thready radial pulse. Bystanders state that there was no loss of consciousness. The patient has abrasions to his hands and face, and blood is saturating the thigh area of both legs of his jeans. A rapid trauma assessment reveals that the patient has swelling and deformity of both thighs. Which of the following is NOT appropriate in the on-scene management of this patient?
The use of traction splinting for the lower extremity injuries
Which of the following statements regarding anterior nosebleeds is correct?
They usually originate from the septum area and bleed slowly.
A wound in which the epidermis is scraped away with minimal bleeding, such as commonly occurs when a child falls on his knees on a sidewalk, is called a(n):
abrasion
Pneumothorax is defined as:
accumulation of air in the pleural space
A 20-year-old male was accidentally shot in the right upper abdominal quadrant with an arrow during an archery contest. Prior to your arrival, the patient removed the arrow. Your assessment reveals that he is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. The entrance wound is bleeding minimally and appears to be superficial. You should:
assume that the arrow injured an internal organ.
When treating all partial-thickness burn of less then 9-10% body surface area, you should:
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.
A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:
barometric pressure
If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute?
blood pressure cuff
The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the:
brain and spinal cord
Patients with rib fractures will commonly:
breathe rapidly and shallowly.
The most critical treatment for a tension pneumothorax involves:
inserting a needle through the rib cage into the pleural space.
In contrast to a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion:
involves physical injury to the brain tissue.
A laceration:
is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.
A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:
is ejected or partially ejected.
The cricoid cartilage:
is the only complete circular cartilage of the trachea.
Once a cervical collar has been applied to a patient with a possible spinal injury, it should not be removed unless:
it causes a problem managing the airway.
When a light is shone into the pupil:
it should become smaller in size.
The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:
just anterior to the tragus.
