EMT chapter 10 airway

When using a​ bag-mask device, the proper ventilation rate for a child with a pulse​ is:

12 to 20 times a minute.

What is the approximate amount of oxygen in a G​ cylinder?

5,300 liters

During a cardiac​ arrest, what is the proper ventilation rate while doing compressions on an adult that does not have an advanced airway in​ place?

Give 2 ventilations after 30 compressions.

Why is the provision of hyperventilation to a cardiac arrest patient MOST​ detrimental?

It can worsen cardiac preload and cardiac output

You have an EMT student riding with you one day when you have a patient in acute pulmonary edema. Along with​ oxygen, and​ positioning, you elect to place the patient on CPAP. At the​ hospital, your student asks you why you did not just call ALS to intubate the patient so you could control the airway​ better, rather than using CPAP. What should be your​ answer?

cpap has been shown to lower intubation rates and ventilator use when used at the proper time during the course of patient management

The narrowest​ part(s) of an​ infant's upper airway is​ (are) the:

cricoid cartilage

Which of the following is typically a part of the​ on-board, permanently mounted equipment in the​ ambulance?

fixed suction unit

A fixed​ on-board suction unit should have a variable flow control knob to allow the EMT to do what with the volume of​ suctioning?

. Be able to adjust the volume of suctioning at the tip.

When a nasal cannula is​ used, the flow rate should be NO more​ than:

6 lpm

You are ventilating a patient​ manually, which of the following changes to the vital signs would you

A decrease in the systolic pressure.

You are called to a residence for a​ 19-year-old female who had a grand mal seizure and is now postictal with gurgling respirations. Which of the following devices should you utilize​ FIRST?

A portable suction unit

Which of the following may lead to over ventilation of an apneic adult patient with a​ pulse?

A rate of​ 22/min

Why should the EMT prohibit anyone from smoking around oxygen that is in​ use?

Oxygen is an accelerant.

Which of the following differences between the airways in the adult and pediatric is​ correct?

Pediatrics have a proportionally larger tongue

You are inserting an OPA into a small​ child's airway. What is the preferred insertion technique that you should​ employ?

Straight insertion technique with a tongue depressor

The removal of a heavy liquid from the upper airway in an unresponsive patient with gurgling would necessitate what type of​ equipment?

Suction unit

You are treating a patient who has taken too much of his​ pain-relieving narcotic. He is breathing very slowly and barely causing the chest to rise with inhalation. The BEST device to administer oxygen to this patient would be​ the:

bag-mask device with oxygen reservoir system.

A​ harsh, high-pitched sound heard during​ inspiration, characteristic of an upper airway obstruction due to​ swelling, is​ called:

stridor

You are treating a patient who needs supplemental oxygen but will NOT tolerate the nonrebreather mask you would like to use. What should you​ do?

switch to a nasal cannula at 6 lpm

Why would an EMT select a nasopharyngeal airway​ (NPA) instead of an​ OPA?

the patient still has a gag reflex.

Steps in performing a​ head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver for opening the airway of a​ non-trauma patient​ include:

tilting the head backward with one hand.

Which of the following​ patients, in the absence of disease or​ injury, will use oxygen at the highest​ rate, and​ thus, must always be adequately oxygenated and​ ventilated?

A patient who is​ 3-years-old

When using a soft catheter to suction the mouth and​ oropharynx, you​ should:

. measure the catheter from the corner of the mouth to the tip of the ear.

You are caring for an adult who was seen by a family member to become unconscious on the​ couch, and then slid to the carpeted floor. He appears to have taken an overdose of a medication. What is the proper technique used to open his​ airway?

. ​Head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver

When ventilating an adult with a pulse using a​ bag-mask device, the EMT should ventilate the​ patient:

10 to 12 times a minute.

You are called to transport a​ 48-year-old female who has been previously diagnosed with pneumonia and is complaining of shortness of breath. Your patient is normotensive and somewhat​ apprehensive, and you opt to start her on oxygen via a nasal cannula. What is the maximum flow rate you should administer with this oxygenation​ device?

6 lpm

Regardless of the size of the oxygen tank or what the tank is made of​ (steel or​ aluminum), what is the universal color denoting an oxygen​ tank?

Green

Which of the following is a known disadvantage to providing mechanical ventilation to an apneic patient with a​ pulse?

It may cause a drop in blood pressure.

Regardless of the size of the oxygen tank the EMT is​ using, which of the following statements is​ TRUE?

No matter what size it​ is, an oxygen tank is full at a pressure of​ 2,000 psi.

You are suctioning the airway of a patient with a copious amount of vomiting with a​ rigid-tip catheter. What can you do to help ensure that the maximum amount of liquid will be removed during the suctioning procedure without inserting the tip farther than​ recommended?

Place the tip of the rigid catheter so that the convex side is against the roof of the mouth.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT when comparing a​ wall-mounted suction unit in the back of the ambulance with a portable suction​ unit?

Both the portable and​ wall-mounted units should perform equally well with regard to the amount of suction they can provide.

Which of the following vital sign changes is consistent with pediatric hypoxia that may necessitate airway​ and/or ventilatory​ assistance?

Bradycardia

Which of the following would indicate to you that your patient may NOT be breathing​ adequately?

Breathing limited to abdominal movement.

Of the following influences on​ breathing, which one has the MOST significant impact on the​ moment-to-moment regulation of​ breathing?

Carbon dioxide levels

Which of the following patients are particularly sensitive to the detrimental effects of​ overventilation?

Cardiac arrest patients

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the oropharyngeal​ airway?

Even with the airway​ inserted, it is necessary to maintain the position of the head.

Which of the following ventilatory devices has the greatest risk of causing gastric inflation in the​ patient?

FROPVD

What is another​ airway-clearing maneuver that an EMT could use on a patient with profuse vomiting that cannot be easily controlled with​ suctioning?

Roll the patient onto her side.

Which of the following is recommended when using a​ one-person BVM technique for ventilating an apneic​ patient?

Use your ring and little finger to bring the​ patient's jaw up to the mask.

Of the following that are present in a patient with respiratory​ distress, which is the MOST reliable indicator that the patient needs mechanical ventilation despite breathing​ spontaneously?

absence of alveolar breath sounds

Blood, vomitus, or other substances that occlude the nasopharynx may drain and lead​ to:

airway occlusion

An infant who is conscious with a pulse has an obstructed​ airway, the EMT​ should:

alternate back blows and chest thrusts

NEVER use adhesive tape on a pressurized oxygen​ tank, as it may​ cause:

an explosion.

While working with a​ Paramedic, you are on scene assessing a patient with COPD. As you are evaluating the​ patient's breathing​ status, you know to assess for each of the following​ EXCEPT:

assessing the​ patient's pulse pressure.

If a patient needs to be ventilated for a long period of time with a constant rate and​ volume, the EMT should consider using​ a/an:

automatic transport ventilator.

For which of the following patients will the EMT most likely use​ high-flow oxygen?

cardiac arrest patient being resuscitated

External respiration is best described as​ the:

exchange of gases between the alveoli and the surrounding capillary bed.

Compared to the adult​ patient, an​ infant's ventilation rate​ is:

faster and with a lower tidal volume

A common problem caused by overly aggressive manual ventilation by the EMT​ is:

gastric distention

If you will be transporting a patient from a local hospital to a hospital hours away for specialized services and the patient needs to be administered​ oxygen, the patient should be​ on:

humidified oxygen

If oxygen is being delivered to a patient over a long period of​ time, it should​ be:

humidified.

Just because a patient is attempting to breathe against a partially occluded​ airway, if they do NOT move enough air to reach the​ alveoli, what secondary complication might they​ experience?

hypoxia and hypercapnia

If a gurgling sound is heard during the provision of artificial ventilation with a bag valve mask​ (BVM), the EMT​ should:

immediately apply suction to remove the liquid from the airway.

Which patient population is most likely to become hypoxic from poor oxygen reserves during periods of hypoventilation or​ apnea?

infants

The use of a rigid suction​ catheter, or​ "tonsil tip"​ catheter, is:

more effective for heavy particulate matter than a soft catheter.

The preferred method of artificial ventilation that EMTs are recommended to use​ is:

mouth-to-mask.

You are treating a patient who was seriously injured in an automobile accident. You decide to start as high a concentration of oxygen as you can. You therefore select which oxygenation delivery​ adjunct?

nonrebreather mask

The reservoir bag on a nonrebreather mask​ should:

not completely empty during inhalation.

For safety​ purposes, in what position should the oxygen tank valve be between patient​ contacts?

off

The oxygenation principle behind​ mouth-to-mouth (or​ barrier) ventilation​ is:

our exhaled breath is 16 percent oxygen.

If a humidifier is going to be used in the ambulance for a long​ trip, the EMT​ should:

partially fill the humidifier container with sterile water.

Principal procedures by which​ life-threatening respiratory or ventilatory problems are treated include all of the​ following, EXCEPT:

providing chest compressions if the patient has no pulse.

You are reviewing your​ partner's PCR on a dyspnea patient whom you just transported. Your partner used the word tachypnea in the report. You know that this​ means:

rapid breathing rate.

Each of the following would be considered an advantage of the​ ATV, EXCEPT:

the ATV allows the rescuer to feel lung​ compliance, much like a BVM.

As a general​ guideline, the best type of portable suction unit​ is:

the one that is charged and ready to go at the​ patient's side.

During skills testing at an EMS service you have applied to work​ at, the preceptor asks you about your decision to ventilate a patient who is still breathing on his own. Which of the following answers BEST defends your​ decision?

the patient did not have good alveolar breath sounds

The signs that an adult may have a completely or partially blocked airway with poor airway exchange include each of the​ following, EXCEPT:

the​ patient's skin is pale and clammy.

The most common cause of airway obstruction in the patient who is found supine and unresponsive​ is:

tongue

When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal​ injury:

use the​ jaw-thrust maneuver.

What is the negative pressure that the suction unit should be set at when performing suctioning with a soft​ catheter?

-80 mmHg

You are called to a residence for a​ 19-year-old female who had a grand mal seizure and is now postictal with sonorous respirations. Which of the following devices should you utilize FIRST if all of them could be​ inserted?

. An oropharyngeal airway

If there is only one EMT to dedicate to the airway and​ ventilation, which device would make the MOST sense for a long trip to the​ hospital?

The manually triggered ventilator

You are caring for a​ two-week-old who reportedly is having trouble breathing. Which of the below findings BEST supports the suspicion the patient is truly​ hypoxic?

The heart rate is 60 per minute.

You respond to the scene of a witnessed opiate overdose. On your​ arrival, the patient is unconscious and supine with​ labored, sonorous respirations and cyanotic lips. What would be the cause of the sonorous airway​ sounds?

Airway occlusion from the tongue

What is the primary difference between a CPAP machine and a BiPAP​ (or Bilevel​ PAP) machine?

CPAP provides a constant back​ pressure, while a BiPAP provides alternating pressures.

A fixed​ on-board suction unit should be able to provide an airflow of how many liters per minute​ (lpm)?

>40

Not only will excessive gastric inflation cause an increased risk of vomiting in a pediatric​ patient, what other problem may it​ cause?

Decreased lung compliance

You are managing a patient who is suffering from a right ventricular infarction. If the patient is also complaining of mild​ dyspnea, how could the MI contribute to the perception of​ dyspnea?

Decreased perfusion to the lungs

Which of the following would have the least contributory effect on reducing tidal volume in a​ patient?

Diabetes or high blood sugar

Your unit is on the scene of a call for a​ 19-year-old female who is having an asthma attack. Her pulse ox is in the​ mid-90s, and you hear bilateral wheezing with auscultation. What is your initial concern for this conscious patient with respiratory​ distress?

Diminishing pulmonary function until respiratory failure occurs.

You have a patient with an altered mental status following exacerbation of COPD. The patient is breathing spontaneously at a rate of​ 40/min with absent alveolar breath sounds. The skin is dusky in​ color, the pulse ox reads 74​ percent, and you are awaiting your Paramedic backup to provide advanced airway management. While​ waiting, what intervention must the EMT​ do?

Provide assisted ventilations synchronized with the​ patient's spontaneous effort.

Which of the following patients is a candidate for​ CPAP?

Pulmonary edema patient who is normotensive but struggling to breathe

Which of the following is the MOST important airway concern for any patient who displays an altered mental​ status?

The tongue will relax into the back of the throat and cause a partial or complete airway obstruction.

How does the mental status of a patient change in light of an airway occlusion from a foreign body trapped in the​ trachea?

The patient can rapidly become unresponsive.

Which of the following disturbances could occur when an EMT provides too great an airway pressure during​ PPV?

The patient may develop gastric distension.

You are caring for a patient with severe shortness of breath. The patient currently has a respiratory rate of​ 42/min, has obvious​ retractions, cannot speak in full​ sentences, and is becoming sleepy. Why is this patient going into respiratory inadequacy despite the fast respiratory​ rate?

The tidal volume typically diminishes as the rate becomes more rapid.

You are managing a patient with damage to the brainstem due to a stroke. How can this have a detrimental effect on the​ patient's breathing​ status?

There can be a change in both the breathing rate and regularity.

What is the common disadvantage of both the NPA and the​ OPA?

They do not isolate the trachea or prevent aspiration.